An ulcer (from Latin ulcus) is an open sore of the skin, eyes or mucous membrane, often caused by an initial abrasion and generally maintained by an inflammation and/or an infection. Ulcer - Description. Ulcers are non-healing wounds that develop on the skin, mucous membranes or eye. Although they have many causes, they are marked by: Loss of integrity of the area Secondary infection of the site by bacteria, fungus or virus Generalized weakness of the patient A ...

Including:

• Ulcer - Description
• Ulcer - Skin ulcers
• Ulcer - Merck Manual classification
• Ulcer - National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel NPUAP
• Ulcer - Wagner's classification
• Ulcer - Other locations
• Ulcer - Pathology of ulceration

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Read more here: » Cushing ulcer: Encyclopedia - Cushing ulcer

The skin is the largest organ of the human body. Classification systems are used to communicate the severity and depth of an ulcer. It is an easy way to communicate changes for the better, or worse. Ulcer - Merck Manual classification. Stage 1: The skin is red. The underlying tissue is soft. The redness disappears with minor pressure. Stage 2: There is redness, swelling and hardening of the skin around the area. Sometimes there is blistering. Sometimes there is loss of the supe ...

See also:

Ulcer, Ulcer - Description, Ulcer - Skin ulcers, Ulcer - Merck Manual classification, Ulcer - National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel NPUAP, Ulcer - Wagner's classification, Ulcer - Other locations, Ulcer - Pathology of ulceration

Read more here: » Ulcer: Encyclopedia II - Ulcer - Skin ulcers

A Curling ulcer is a stress ulcer associated with severe burns. The mechanism of ulcer formation is loss of plasma volume leading to sloughing of the gastric mucosa. Investigation: Endoscopy shows multiple superficial gastric erosions. Prevention: Early initiation of oral feeds prevents Curling's Ulcer and its complications. In severe burns, omeprazole (or other proton pump inhibitors) are used. Treatment: proton pump inhibitors like omeprazole are generally given; endoscopic therapy, such as injection with ad ...

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The Buruli ulcer (also known as the Bairnsdale ulcer) is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium ulcerans, from the same family of bacteria which causes tuberculosis and leprosy. The infection causes painless swelling, with lesions developing in the skin later on. Further progression of this bacteria produces toxins that suppress the immune system and destroy skin, underlying tissue and bone, causing severe deformities. It predominantly affects the limbs. Buruli ulcer - Identification and namingIncluding:

• Buruli ulcer - Identification and naming
• Buruli ulcer - Infection
• Buruli ulcer - Symptoms
• Buruli ulcer - Treatment
• Buruli ulcer - Global spread

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Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease of the bowel that usually affects the distal end of the large intestine and rectum. It has no known cause, although there is a genetic component to susceptibility. Ulcerative colitis - Features. Chronic diarrhoea (sometimes bloody). Other symptoms may include abdominal pain and discomfort, bloating, and nausea. No infective cause of diarrhea found. Inflammatory changes are most often confined to the left side and distal parts of the large ...

Including:

• Ulcerative colitis - Features
• Ulcerative colitis - Comparison to Crohn's disease
• Ulcerative colitis - Cause
• Ulcerative colitis - Diagnosis
• Ulcerative colitis - Course
• Ulcerative colitis - Treatment
• Ulcerative colitis - Current research and treatment alternatives

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Ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) is a chronic dermatological disease of cold water salmonid fish that had a severe impact on north Atlantic Salmon and sea trout stocks in the 1970s and 1980. Affected fish developed severe skin lesions over large parts of their body which penetrated into skeletal muscle. The onset of symptoms only occurred after migration into freshwater. Lesions became quickly infected with overgrowths of saprolegnia fungus giving the affected fish an appearance of being covered in slimy white pustules. The mos

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Bedsores, also called pressure sores or pressure ulcers, are ulcers (sores) caused by prolonged pressure or rubbing on vulnerable areas of the body, such as bony or cartilaginous areas that are prone to moisture and friction. Decubitus ulcers are pressure ulcers that occur when the patient lies on his or her back for long periods (Wilhelmi and Neumeister, 2005). Examples of areas vulnerable to pressure ulcers include the hips, ankles, heels, elbows, ears, and pressure points on the lower back (near the tail bone, ...

Including:

• Bedsore - Classification
• Bedsore - Pathophysiology
• Bedsore - Epidemiology
• Bedsore - Prevention
• Bedsore - Complications
• Bedsore - Famous sufferers

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A cytoprotectant is any medication that combats ulcers not by reducing gastric acid but by increasing mucosal protection. Drugs that work in this manner include Carbenoxolone, deglycyrrhizinised liquorice, sucralfate (aluminium hydroxide and sulphated sucrose), the prostaglandin analogue and tri-potassium di-citrato bismuthate. Other related archivesgastric acid, liquorice, medication, prostaglandin, sucrose, ulcers

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A blister or bulla is a defense mechanism of the human body. It consists of a pool of lymph and other bodily fluids beneath the upper layers of the skin. It may be formed in response to burns or friction, and helps to repair damage to the skin. If a blister is punctured, it forms an open wound and must be bandaged. If a blister is associated with sub-dermal bleeding, it may partially fill with blood, forming an unpleasant blood blister. Blistering is a disting ...

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Cyclooxygenase (COX) is an enzyme (EC 1.14.99.1) that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids (including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane). Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain; this is the method of action of well-known drugs such as aspirin and ibuprofen. Cyclooxygenase - Physiology. See also prostaglandin and eicosanoid for more details COX converts arachidon ...

Including:

• Cyclooxygenase - Physiology
• Cyclooxygenase - Pharmacology
• Cyclooxygenase - Classical NSAIDs
• Cyclooxygenase - Newer NSAIDs

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In anatomy, the stomach (in ancient Greek στόμαχος) is an organ in the alimentary canal used to digest food. Generally, the stomach's primary function is not the absorption of nutrients from digested food; this task is usually performed by the intestine. The main job of the stomach is to break down large food molecules into smaller ones, so that they can be absorbed into the blood more easily. Latin names for the stomach include Ventriculus and Gaster; many medical terms related to the stomach ...

Including:

• Stomach - Anatomy of the human stomach
• Stomach - Histology of the human stomach
• Stomach - Control of secretion and motility
• Stomach - Diseases

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Leprosy, sometimes known as Hansen's disease, is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, an aerobic, acid fast, rod-shaped mycobacterium. The modern term for the disease is named after the discoverer of the bacterium, Gerhard Armauer Hansen. Sufferers of Hansen's disease have historically been known as lepers, however this term is falling into disuse as a result of the diminishing number of leprosy patients and the pejorative connotations of the term. The terms "leprosy" and "lepers" can also ...

Including:

• Leprosy - History
• Leprosy - Clinical features
• Leprosy - Incidence
• Leprosy - Risk groups
• Leprosy - Asylums
• Leprosy - Famous Lepers

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Barry J. Marshall, MBBS (born 30 September 1951 in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia) is an Australian physician and Professor of Clinical Microbiology at the University of Western Australia. He is well-known for proving that the bacteria Helicobacter pylori is the cause of most stomach ulcers, reversing decades of medical doctrine which held that ulcers were caused by stress, spicy foods, and too much acid. Professor Marshall (Medicine and Pharmacology) completed his undergraduate medical degree at UWA in 1974. He met Robin ...

Including:

• Barry Marshall - Other awards

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Acid indigestion is a type of indigestion involving an excess of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Frequent occurrence of acid indigestion can lead to aggravation of the duodenum or to an aggravation of the lining of the stomach, both of which can lead to ulcers which can be life-threatening. It should be distinguished from heartburn, which typically involves aggravation of the esophagus. Common contributors to acid indigestion are: Eating foods with too much fat in them. Eating foods with too much spice i ...

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Colitis (also known as colonitis) is an inflammation of the colon. It is a digestive disorder. There are several different types and causes of colitis, including: ulcerative colitis pseudomembranous colitis irritable bowel syndrome fulminant colitis Category: Inflammations Other related archivesCrohn's disease, Inflammations, colon, fulminant colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, pseudomembranous

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Colonoscopy is the minimally invasive endoscopic examination of the large colon and the distal part of the small bowel with a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus. It may provide a visual diagnosis (e.g. ulceration, polyps) and grants the opportunity for biopsy of suspected lesions. Virtual colonoscopy, which uses 3D imagery reconstructed from computed tomography (CAT) scans, is also possible, as a totally non-invasive medical test, although it is not standard and still under investigation. Colonoscopy is simi ...

Including:

• Colonoscopy - Uses
• Colonoscopy - Procedure
• Colonoscopy - Preparation
• Colonoscopy - The investigation
• Colonoscopy - Risks

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Classical causes of ulcers (tobacco smoking, blood groups, spices and a large array of strange things) are of relatively minor importance in the development of peptic ulcers. A major causative factor (90% of gastric and 75% of duodenal ulcers) is chronic inflammation due to Helicobacter pylori, a spirochaete that inhabits the antral mucosa and increases gastrin production. Gastrin, in turn, stimulates t ...

See also:

Peptic ulcer, Peptic ulcer - Signs and symptoms, Peptic ulcer - Diagnosis, Peptic ulcer - Pathophysiology, Peptic ulcer - Epidemiology, Peptic ulcer - Treatment

Read more here: » Peptic ulcer: Encyclopedia II - Peptic ulcer - Pathophysiology

In patients in whom peptic ulcer is suspected, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD, a form of endoscopy) is indicated. By direct visual identification, the location and severity of an ulcer can be described. Moreover, if no ulcer is present, EGD can often provide an alternative diagnosis. The diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori can be by: Biopsy during EGD; Breath testing (does not require EGD); Direct culture from an EGD biopsy specimen; Direct detection of urease activity in a biopsy sp ...

See also:

Peptic ulcer, Peptic ulcer - Signs and symptoms, Peptic ulcer - Diagnosis, Peptic ulcer - Pathophysiology, Peptic ulcer - Epidemiology, Peptic ulcer - Treatment

Read more here: » Peptic ulcer: Encyclopedia II - Peptic ulcer - Diagnosis

The exact cause of mouth ulcers is unknown, but factors that appear to provoke them include stress, fatigue, illness, injury from accidental biting, hormonal changes, menstruation, food allergies and deficiencies in vitamin B12, iron and folic acid. In 1982 a previously unknown bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, was discovered to be the cause of stomach ulcers. It is hypothesized that bacteria are at work in mouth ulcers, though the specific organism has not been isolated. Dental braces can be a cause of mouth ulcers because the wires and hooks could break the mucous membrane inside the mouth. Dental wax ...

See also:

Mouth ulcer, Mouth ulcer - Symptoms, Mouth ulcer - Causes, Mouth ulcer - Home Treatment, Mouth ulcer - Treatment for severe cases, Mouth ulcer - Prevention

Read more here: » Mouth ulcer: Encyclopedia II - Mouth ulcer - Causes