Ujjain (Hindi:उज्जैन) (also known as Ujain, Ujjayini, Avanti) is an ancient city of central India, in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh, on the eastern bank of the Kshipra River. In ancient times the city was called Ujjayini, and is referred to as Ozene by Ptolemy. It is the administrative center of Ujjain District and Ujjain Division. It is one of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus, and the Kumbh Mela religious festival is held there every twelve years. It has been the first meridian of lon ...

Including:

• Ujjain - History
• Ujjain - Climate
• Ujjain - Geography
• Ujjain - Transportation
• Ujjain - Places to Visit
• Ujjain - Economy

Read more here: » Ujjain: Encyclopedia - Ujjain

Read more here: » Ujjain Division: Encyclopedia - Ujjain Division

The earliest references to the city, as Ujjaini, are from the time of the Buddha, when it was the capital of the kingdom of Avanti. Ujjain was the traditional capital of King Chandragupta II, also known as Vikramaditya, at whose court the nine poets known as the navaratna (nine jewels) of Sanskrit literature are said to have flourished. It marks the first meridian of longitude in Hindu geography. It is also reputed to have been the residence of Ashoka (who subsequently became the emperor), when he was the viceroy ...

See also:

Ujjain, Ujjain - History, Ujjain - Climate, Ujjain - Geography, Ujjain - Transportation, Ujjain - Places to Visit, Ujjain - Economy

Read more here: » Ujjain: Encyclopedia II - Ujjain - History

Ujjain District is a district of Madhya Pradesh state in central India. The historic city of Ujjain is the district headquarters. The district has an area of 6,091 km&sup2:, and a population of 1,709,885 (2001 census), a 24% increase from its 1991 population of 1,386,465. The district is bounded by the districts of Shajapur on the northeast and east, Dewas to the southeast, Indore to the south, Dhar to the southwest, and Ratlam to the west a ...

Including:

• Ujjain District - External link

Read more here: » Ujjain District: Encyclopedia - Ujjain District

Following is a list of ancient monuments in Ujjain. Ancient monuments in Ujjain - Temples. Bade Ganesh. This temple contains a huge artistic sculpture of Ganesha. Chintaman Ganesh. Chintaman means "the assurer of freedom from worldly anxieties". The Ganesh idol in this temple is supposed to be swayambhu - born of itself. The artistically carved pillars in the assembly hall date back to the Paramara period. Pir Matsyendranath. Excavations here have yielded artifacts ...

Including:

• Ancient monuments in Ujjain - Temples
• Ancient monuments in Ujjain - Others

Read more here: » Ancient monuments in Ujjain: Encyclopedia - Ancient monuments in Ujjain

The lakhs of Shiva temples all over India include the famous temples at Amarnath in Kashmir, Somnath in Gujarat, Vishwanath in Varanasi and Mahakaleshwar in Ujjain.

The names of these Shiva temples define Shiva's various divine functions, exalting Him as the Supreme Soul. The linga is worshipped as the very image of Shiva. The linga indicates that Shiva has neither male nor female human form like do the other deities; the Lord is an incorporeal point of Light. This is why, the 12 well-known Shiva temples in India are also known as Jyotirlinga Mat h signifying his form of Light.

(See also: Shivaratri, Indian Festivals, Spiritual Guidance, God and Religion, Peace on Earth, Peace of Mind, Love and Happiness, Life and Beyond, Body Mind and Soul)

Vikramāditya (De: विक्रमादित्य, IPA [vikrma:ditya]) from Sanskrit विक्रम (Vikrama) meaning valor ...

Including:

• Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account
• Vikramāditya - The legend of Vikramaditya
• Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain
• Vikramāditya - The Vikrama Samvat Vikrama Era
• Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana
• Vikramāditya - The Gupta King
• Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya inscription in the Kaaba in Mecca
• Vikramāditya - See Also

Read more here: » Vikramāditya: Encyclopedia - Vikramāditya

Mahakal, one of the twelve Jyotirlingams, is enshrined in a temple called Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga Shiva Temple. It is located in the city of Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh state, India. It is a three-storey temple, on the side of the lake called Rudra Sagar. Shruti (primary scriptures): Vedas | Upanishads | Bhagavad Gita | Itihasa (Ramayana & Mahabharata) | Agamas Smriti (other texts): Tantras

Read more here: » Mahakal: Encyclopedia - Mahakal

Brahmagupta (ब्रह्मगुप्त) (598-668) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. He was the head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, and during his tenure there wrote two texts on mathematics and astronomy: the Brahmasphutasiddhanta in 628, and the Khandakhadyaka in 665. The Brahmasphutasiddhanta is the earliest known text to treat zero as a number in its own right. It goes well beyond that, however, stating rules for arithmetic on negative numbers and zero which are quite close to the ...

Read more here: » Brahmagupta: Encyclopedia - Brahmagupta

In Hindu culture, Kapalika means bearer of the skull-bowl.This depicts Lord Shiva's vov to take the kapala vow. In this Lord Shiva took the form of Supreme begger.Wandered wearing nothing but a garlant of skulls & ash from the pyre. This sect worship Lord Shiva in it's extreme form,Bhairava,the ferocious. Ujjain is known to be prominent centre of this sect. Kapalika - Reference. Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend (ISBN 0500510881) by Anna Dhallapiccola
Including:

• Kapalika - Reference

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Bhāskara (1114-1185), also called Bhāskara II and BhāskarāAchārya ("Bhaskara the teacher") was an Indian mathematician. He was born near Bijjada Bida in Bijapur district, Karnataka and became head of the astronomical observatory at Ujjain, continuing the mathematical tradition of Varahamihira and Brahmagupta. In many ways, Bhaskaracharya represents the peak of mathematical knowledge in the 12th century. He reached an understanding of the number systems and solving equations, which was not to be achieved anywh ...

Including:

• Bhaskara - Contributions
• Bhaskara - Calculus
• Bhaskara - Legend

Read more here: » Bhaskara: Encyclopedia - Bhaskara

Please remove this notice after the article has been expanded. Details are on this talk page or at Wikipedia:Requests for expansion. Varahamihira (505 in Ujjain – 587) was an Indian astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer. Varahamihira worked as one of the Navaratnas for Chandragupta Vikramaditya. His book Pancasiddhantika (or Pancha-Siddhantika, The Five Astronomical Canons) dated 575 AD gives us information about older Indian texts which are now lost. The work is a treatise on ma ...

Including:

• Varahamihira - Some trigonometric results attributed to Varahamihira
• Varahamihira - External link

Read more here: » Varahamihira: Encyclopedia - Varahamihira

Ujjain: (Sanskrit) A city on the Sipra River, one of the seven sacred Hindu cities; a traditional holy place of Saivism.

See: Rudrashambhu.

(See also: Ujjain, Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)

Kumbh Mela (the Urn Festival) is a Hindu pilgrimage that occurs four times every twelve years and rotates between four locations: Prayag, Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik. Each twelve-year cycle includes one Maha Kumbh Mela (Great Kumbh Mela) at Prayag, which is attended by millions of people, making it the largest pilgrimage gathering anywhere in the world. Kumbh Mela - Astrology and Kumbh Mela. The precise dates of the Kumbh Mela are astrologically determined, based upon the positions of t ...

Including:

• Kumbh Mela - Astrology and Kumbh Mela
• Kumbh Mela - The legend
• Kumbh Mela - Rituals of Kumbh Mela
• Kumbh Mela - Kumbh Mela 2003

Read more here: » Kumbh Mela: Encyclopedia - Kumbh Mela

Parameshvara (परमेश्वर) (1360-1425) was a major Indian mathematician of Madhava of Sangamagrama's Kerala school. He presented a series form of the sine function that is equivalent to its Taylor series expansion. Parameshvara - Birth. Paramesvara was born into a namboothiri brahmin family who were astrologers and astronomers. The family home was Vatasseri (also called Vatasreni) in the village of Alattur, Kerala. Paramesvara's coordinates with respect to Ujjain puts it at latitu ...

Including:

• Parameshvara - Birth
• Parameshvara - Work

Read more here: » Parameshvara: Encyclopedia - Parameshvara

Bade Ganesh. This temple contains a huge artistic sculpture of Ganesha. Chintaman Ganesh. Chintaman means "the assurer of freedom from worldly anxieties". The Ganesh idol in this temple is supposed to be swayambhu - born of itself. The artistically carved pillars in the assembly hall date back to the Paramara period. Pir Matsyendranath. Excavations here have yielded artifacts dating to the 6th and 7th century BC. The shrine is dedicated to a leader of the Natha sect of Sha ...

See also:

Ancient monuments in Ujjain, Ancient monuments in Ujjain - Temples, Ancient monuments in Ujjain - Others

Read more here: » Ancient monuments in Ujjain: Encyclopedia II - Ancient monuments in Ujjain - Temples

The Indian tradition claims that Kalidasa, Vetalbhatt (or Vetalabhatta), Vararuchi and Varahamihira were a part of Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain. The king is said to have had nine such men of letters, called the "nava-ratna" (literally, Nine Gems). Kalidasa was the legendary Sanskrit laureate. Varahmihira was a soothsayer of prominence of the era who predicted the death of Vikramaditya’s son. Vetalbhatt was a brahmin. He is known to have attributed the work of the sixteen stanza "Niti-pradeepa" (See also:

Vikramāditya, Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account, Vikramāditya - The legend of Vikramaditya, Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain, Vikramāditya - The Vikrama Samvat Vikrama Era, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana, Vikramāditya - The Gupta King, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya inscription in the Kaaba in Mecca, Vikramāditya - See Also

Read more here: » Vikramāditya: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain

The Indian tradition claims that Kalidasa, Vetalbhatt (or Vetalabhatta), Vararuchi and Varahamihira were a part of Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain. The king is said to have had nine such men of letters, called the "nava-ratna" (literally, Nine Gems). Kalidasa was the legendary Sanskrit laureate. Varahmihira was a soothsayer of prominence of the era who predicted the death of Vikramaditya’s son. Vetalbhatt was a brahmin. He is known to have attributed the work of the sixteen stanza "Niti-pradeepa" (See also:

Vikramāditya, Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account, Vikramāditya - The legend of Vikramaditya, Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain, Vikramāditya - The Vikrama Samvat Vikrama Era, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana, Vikramāditya - The Gupta King, Vikramāditya - Inscription in the Kaaba in Mecca, Vikramāditya - See Also

Read more here: » Vikramāditya: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain

Legand has it that Saka King Shalivahana defeated Vikramaditya and captured Ujjain in the 1st century AD. As a result, the Shalivahana era (also called Saka era) was initiated in 78 AD by Shalivahana to celebrate his victory. The capital of the empire remained as Pratisthana. The tale of this battle is adjectively recorded in "Katha-Saritsagara". Shalivahana is a legendary figure in Indian history, and the king is usually identified with the Satavahana king Gautamiputra Satakarani. ...

See also:

Vikramāditya, Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account, Vikramāditya - The legend of Vikramaditya, Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain, Vikramāditya - The Vikrama Samvat Vikrama Era, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana, Vikramāditya - The Gupta King, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya inscription in the Kaaba in Mecca, Vikramāditya - See Also

Read more here: » Vikramāditya: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana

The traditional Indian sources on Vikramaditya make no association of this name with any Gupta king. It is usually taken as a personal name and not a title. Further, no historical evidence has been found of any king of Ujjain having existed with this title during 1st century BCE. However, in a recorded form, a possibility arises of a historical record of this name in "Kalakacharya Kathanaka", a work by a Jain sage called Mahesara Suri (Probably circa 12th century CE). The Kathanaka (meaning, "an account") tells the story of a f ...

See also:

Vikramāditya, Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account, Vikramāditya - The legend of Vikramaditya, Vikramāditya - Nine Gems and Vikramaditya's court in Ujjain, Vikramāditya - The Vikrama Samvat Vikrama Era, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya and Shalivahana, Vikramāditya - The Gupta King, Vikramāditya - Vikramaditya inscription in the Kaaba in Mecca, Vikramāditya - See Also

Read more here: » Vikramāditya: Encyclopedia II - Vikramāditya - The Jain monk account