This phrase, as with much of the Sermon on the Mount, has been subjected to both literal and figurative interpretations. Turn the other cheek - Nonresistance literal interpretation. This passage has been interpreted by some as a literal injunction that if a person has been slapped in the face by another as an insult or provocation to a quarrel, one ought not to respond by hitting back or otherwise responding hurtfully. Rather, he ought to move in the other direction, presenting the other cheek (the one that has not been s ...

See also:

Turn the other cheek, Turn the other cheek - Historical origins, Turn the other cheek - Interpretations, Turn the other cheek - Nonresistance literal interpretation, Turn the other cheek - Historical figurative interpretation, Turn the other cheek - Righteous personal conduct interpretation, Turn the other cheek - Criticism, Turn the other cheek - External references

Read more here: » Turn the other cheek: Encyclopedia II - Turn the other cheek - Interpretations

See also:

Turn the other cheek, Turn the other cheek - Historical origins, Turn the other cheek - Interpretations, Turn the other cheek - Nonresistance literal interpretation, Turn the other cheek - Historical figurative interpretation, Turn the other cheek - Righteous personal conduct interpretation, Turn the other cheek - Criticism, Turn the other cheek - External references

Read more here: » Turn the other cheek: Encyclopedia II - Turn the other cheek - Criticism

It is commonly assumed that this teaching originated with Jesus, but some hold that it is better conceived of as an exaggerated extrapolation of previous Jewish ethical teachings in the Hebrew Bible. Similar ideas, but with a less extreme practical interpretation, can be found in the Hebrew Bible: "You shall not hate any man, Egyptian or Edomite, as they all are the works of God" (Deuteronomy 23:7) In the New Testament, Jesus admonishes his followers: "You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an ey ...

See also:

Turn the other cheek, Turn the other cheek - Historical origins, Turn the other cheek - Interpretations, Turn the other cheek - Nonresistance literal interpretation, Turn the other cheek - Historical figurative interpretation, Turn the other cheek - Righteous personal conduct interpretation, Turn the other cheek - Criticism, Turn the other cheek - External references

Read more here: » Turn the other cheek: Encyclopedia II - Turn the other cheek - Historical origins

The phrase "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" expresses a form of retributive justice also known as lex talionis (Latin, 'law of retaliation'). It may have originated in ancient near-Eastern and Middle Eastern law, such as Babylonian law. In societies not bound by the rule of law, if a person was hurt, then the injured person (or their relative) would take vengeful retribution on the person who caused the ...

Including:

An eye for an eye - Lex talionis in Judaism An eye for an eye - Criticisms An eye for an eye - External references

Read more here: » An eye for an eye: Encyclopedia - An eye for an eye

Ahimsa is a religious concept which advocates non-violence and a respect for all life. Ahimsa (अहिंसा ahiṁsā) is Sanskrit for avoidance of himsa, or injury. It is interpreted most often as meaning peace and reverence toward all sentient beings. Ahimsa is the core of Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. Its first mention in Indian philosophy is found in the Hindu scriptures called the Upanishads, the oldest dating about 800 BCE. Those who pra ...

Including:

Ahimsa - Ahimsa in Jainism
Ahimsa - External links and references in Jainism
Ahimsa - Ahimsa in Hinduism
Ahimsa - Yoga Ahimsa - Gandhi

Read more here: » Ahimsa: Encyclopedia - Ahimsa

Nonviolence (or non-violence) is a set of assumptions about morality, power and conflict that leads its proponents to reject the use of violence in efforts to attain social or political goals. While often used as a synonym for pacifism, since the mid 20th century the term nonviolence has come to embody a diversity of techniques for waging social conflict without the use of violence, as well as the underlying political and philos ...

Including:

Nonviolence - Why nonviolence? Nonviolence - How does nonviolence work? Nonviolence - The methods of nonviolent action Nonviolence - Living nonviolence Nonviolence - Criticism Nonviolence - Organizations promoting nonviolence

Read more here: » Nonviolence: Encyclopedia - Nonviolence

In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus of Nazareth urges his followers to turn the other cheek when confronted by violence: You have heard that it was said, "An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth". But I say to you, do not resist an evildoer. If anyone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. (Matthew 5:38-39, NRSV) The passage continues with the importance of showing forgiveness to enemies and those who harm you. This saying of Jesus is frequently interpreted as criticism of the Old Testament tea ...

See also:

An eye for an eye, An eye for an eye - Lex talionis in Judaism, An eye for an eye - Criticisms, An eye for an eye - External references

Read more here: » An eye for an eye: Encyclopedia II - An eye for an eye - Criticisms

Christian nonresistance is based on a reading of the first half of Matthew 5:39, part of the Sermon on the Mount, in which Jesus says: "But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also". [1] Members of denominations such as those from Anabaptist backgrounds, such as the Amish, have interpreted this verse to mean Christians should do nothing to resist an evil person or enemy ...

See also:

Nonresistance, Nonresistance - History, Nonresistance - Christian theology, Nonresistance - Nonresistance in practice

Read more here: » Nonresistance: Encyclopedia II - Nonresistance - Christian theology

Gandhi noted: In the application of Satyagraha, I discovered, in the earliest stages, that pursuit of Truth did not admit of violence being inflicted on one's opponent, but that he must be weaned from error by patience and sympathy. For, what appears to be truth to the one may appear to be error to the other. And patience means self-suffering. So the doctrine came to mean vindication of Truth, not by infliction of suffering on the opponent but one's own self. Satyagraha and its off-shoots, non-co-operation an ...

See also:

Satyagraha, Satyagraha - Definition and Three Principles, Satyagraha - Civil Disobedience, Satyagraha - Fasting

Read more here: » Satyagraha: Encyclopedia II - Satyagraha - Definition and Three Principles

In Jainism, the ahimsa-vrata, or vow of ahimsa, is the first of the five mahavratas, or great vows. All animal life, and most plant life, is considered sentient. Any action endangering such life, including agriculture, violence, animal sacrifice, drinking liquor, eating honey, potatoes or certain fruits, and eating at night, is forbidden. Some Jains wear a cloth over their mouths to avoid inhaling airborne life forms. The ethical code of Jainism is taken very seriously. Summarized in the Five Vows, they are followed by b ...

See also:

Ahimsa, Ahimsa - Ahimsa in Jainism, Ahimsa - External links and references in Jainism, Ahimsa - Ahimsa in Hinduism, Ahimsa - Yoga, Ahimsa - Gandhi

Read more here: » Ahimsa: Encyclopedia II - Ahimsa - Ahimsa in Jainism

Ahimsa - Yoga. Yoga is one of the six schools of Hindu philosophy, and as codified by Maharishi Patanjali in the seminal work Yoga Sutra, the foundation of ashtanga and Raja Yoga, ahimsa is the first of the five yamas, or eternal vows or restraints of yoga. Ahimsa - Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi was a follower of Sanatana Dharma, i.e. Hinduism, and drew many of his concepts of truth, nobility and ethics from the Bhagavad Gita and his personal love of Lord Rama, a Hindu G ...

See also:

Ahimsa, Ahimsa - Ahimsa in Jainism, Ahimsa - External links and references in Jainism, Ahimsa - Ahimsa in Hinduism, Ahimsa - Yoga, Ahimsa - Gandhi

Read more here: » Ahimsa: Encyclopedia II - Ahimsa - Ahimsa in Hinduism

The oral law of Judaism holds that this verse cannot be interpreted as mandating exact physical retribution. The rabbis of the Talmud ask, "How can any person be certain that the punishment they inflict is definitely no worse than the initial injury?" They answer that this is one indication that the Bible, when stating "an eye for an eye," does not refer to physical retribution. They proceed to cite several more indicators for this thesis. The Oral Law explains, based upon the biblical verses, that the Bible mandates a sophistic ...

See also:

An eye for an eye, An eye for an eye - Lex talionis in Judaism, An eye for an eye - Criticisms, An eye for an eye - External references

Read more here: » An eye for an eye: Encyclopedia II - An eye for an eye - Lex talionis in Judaism

The term nonresistance was used to refer to the Established Church during the religious troubles in England following the English Civil War and Protestant Succession. In Anabaptist churches the term has come to be defined in contrast with pacifism, which is seen by advocates of nonresistance as a more liberal theology because it allows adherents to work actively against their enemies as long as they remain physically nonviolent. In the 20th century there was some differences of opinion between and within Amish and Mennonite churches a ...

See also:

Nonresistance, Nonresistance - History, Nonresistance - Christian theology, Nonresistance - Nonresistance in practice

Read more here: » Nonresistance: Encyclopedia II - Nonresistance - History

Most advocates of nonviolence draw their preference for nonviolence either from religious or ethical beliefs, or from a pragmatic political analysis. The first justification for nonviolence is sometimes referred to as principled or ethical nonviolence, while the second is known as pragmatic or strategic. However, it is not uncommon to find both of these dimensions present within the ...

See also:

Nonviolence, Nonviolence - Why nonviolence?, Nonviolence - How does nonviolence work?, Nonviolence - The methods of nonviolent action, Nonviolence - Living nonviolence, Nonviolence - Criticism, Nonviolence - Organizations promoting nonviolence

Read more here: » Nonviolence: Encyclopedia II - Nonviolence - Why nonviolence?

The nonviolent approach to social struggle represents a radical departure from conventional thinking about conflict, and yet appeals to a number of common-sense notions. Among these is the idea that the power of rulers depends on the consent of the populace. Without a bureaucracy, an army or a police force to carry out his or her wishes, the ruler is powerless. Power, nonviolence teaches us, depends on the co-operation of others. Nonviolence undermines the power of rule ...

See also:

Nonviolence, Nonviolence - Why nonviolence?, Nonviolence - How does nonviolence work?, Nonviolence - The methods of nonviolent action, Nonviolence - Living nonviolence, Nonviolence - Criticism, Nonviolence - Organizations promoting nonviolence

Read more here: » Nonviolence: Encyclopedia II - Nonviolence - How does nonviolence work?

Tolstoy's Christian beliefs were based on the Sermon on the Mount, and particularly on the phrase about turn the other cheek, which he saw as a justification for pacifism, nonviolence and nonresistance. Tolstoy believed by being a Christian made him a pacifist and, due to the military force used by his government, by being a pacifist made him an anarchist. He felt very isolated in these beliefs, suffering on occasion with depression so severe that if he saw a rope it made him think of hanging himsel ...

See also:

Leo Tolstoy, Leo Tolstoy - Early life, Leo Tolstoy - Novels and Fictional Works, Leo Tolstoy - Religious and political beliefs, Leo Tolstoy - Bibliography

Read more here: » Leo Tolstoy: Encyclopedia II - Leo Tolstoy - Religious and political beliefs

Hunger strikes, pickets, vigils, petitions, sit-ins, tax refusal, go slows, blockades, draft refusal and demonstrations are some of the specific techniques that have been deployed by nonviolent movements. Throughout history, these are among the nonviolent methods used by ordinary people to counter injustice or oppression or bring about progressive change. To be effective, tactics must be carefully chosen, taking into account political and cultural circumstances, and form part of a larger plan or strategy. Walter Wink points to Jesus C ...

See also:

Nonviolence, Nonviolence - Why nonviolence?, Nonviolence - How does nonviolence work?, Nonviolence - The methods of nonviolent action, Nonviolence - Living nonviolence, Nonviolence - Criticism, Nonviolence - Organizations promoting nonviolence

Read more here: » Nonviolence: Encyclopedia II - Nonviolence - The methods of nonviolent action

Tolstoy's Christian beliefs were based on the Sermon on the Mount, and particularly on the phrase about turn the other cheek, which he saw as a justification for pacifism, nonviolence and nonresistance. Tolstoy believed being a Christian made him a pacifist and, due to the military force used by his government, being a pacifist made him an anarchist. He felt very isolated in these beliefs, suffering on occasion with depression so severe that if he saw a rope it made him think of hanging himsel ...

See also:

Leo Tolstoy, Leo Tolstoy - Early life, Leo Tolstoy - Novels and Fictional Works, Leo Tolstoy - Religious and political beliefs, Leo Tolstoy - Bibliography

Read more here: » Leo Tolstoy: Encyclopedia II - Leo Tolstoy - Religious and political beliefs

The embeddedness of violence in most of the world's populous societies causes many to consider it an inherent part of human nature, but others (Riane Eisler, Walter Wink, Daniel Quinn) have suggested that violence - or at least the arsenal of violent strategies we take for granted - is a phenomenon of the last five to ten thousand years, and was not present in pre-domestication and early post-domestication human societies. This view shares several characteris ...

See also:

Nonviolence, Nonviolence - Why nonviolence?, Nonviolence - How does nonviolence work?, Nonviolence - The methods of nonviolent action, Nonviolence - Living nonviolence, Nonviolence - Criticism, Nonviolence - Organizations promoting nonviolence

Read more here: » Nonviolence: Encyclopedia II - Nonviolence - Living nonviolence

Leon Trotsky, Frantz Fanon, and Malcolm X were fervent critics of nonviolence, arguing variously that nonviolence and pacifism are an attempt to impose the morals of the bourgeoisie upon the proletariat, that violence is a necessary accompaniment to revolutionary change, or that the right to self-defence is fundamental. In the midst of violent repression of radical African Americans in the United States during the 1960s, Black Panther George Jackson said of the nonviolent tactics of Martin Luther King, Jr.: "The concept o ...

See also:

Nonviolence, Nonviolence - Why nonviolence?, Nonviolence - How does nonviolence work?, Nonviolence - The methods of nonviolent action, Nonviolence - Living nonviolence, Nonviolence - Criticism, Nonviolence - Organizations promoting nonviolence

Read more here: » Nonviolence: Encyclopedia II - Nonviolence - Criticism