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Turkmenistan

A Wisdom Archive on Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan

A selection of articles related to Turkmenistan

More material related to Turkmenistan can be found here:
Index of Articles
related to
Turkmenistan
Index of Articles
related to
Turkmenistan
turkmenistan, Turkmenistan, Turkmenistan - Culture, Turkmenistan - Demographics, Turkmenistan - Economy, Turkmenistan - Geography, Turkmenistan - History, Turkmenistan - Miscellaneous topics, Turkmenistan - Politics, Turkmenistan - Provinces, Turkmenistan - Human rights

ARTICLES RELATED TO Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia II - Turkmenistan - History

The territory of Turkmenistan has a long and chequered history, as armies from one empire to another decamped on their way to more prosperous territories. Alexander the Great conquered the territory in the 4th century B.C. on his way to India. One hundred and fifty years later Persia's Parthian Kingdom established its capital in Nisa, an area now located in the suburbs of the modern-day capital of Ashgabat. In the 7th century A.D. Arabs conquered this region, bringing with them Islam and incorporating the Turkmen into Middle Eastern culture. It was aro ...

See also:

Turkmenistan, Turkmenistan - History, Turkmenistan - Politics, Turkmenistan - Human rights, Turkmenistan - Provinces, Turkmenistan - Geography, Turkmenistan - Economy, Turkmenistan - Demographics, Turkmenistan - Culture, Turkmenistan - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia II - Turkmenistan - History

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia II - Oghuz Turks - Origins

The Oghuz Turks have perhaps been the most successful branch of Turkic peoples and families. Their history as kings, statesmen, warriors, as well as an enormous tribal union and large communal branch begins in the pre-Islamic period, yet their achievements and progression in the centuries after the arrival of Islam have left their mark on history and civilization. The original homeland of the Oghuz, like other Turks, was the Ural-Altay region of Central Asia known as Turkestan or Turan, which has been the domain of Turkic peopl ...

See also:

Oghuz Turks, Oghuz Turks - Name, Oghuz Turks - Origins, Oghuz Turks - Anthropology, Oghuz Turks - Social Unit, Oghuz Turks - Homeland in Transoxiana, Oghuz Turks - Dynasties, Oghuz Turks - Turcoman & Turkmen, Oghuz Turks - Literature

Read more here: » Oghuz Turks: Encyclopedia II - Oghuz Turks - Origins

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia II - Commonwealth of Independent States - History

Commonwealth of Independent States - Foundation. Initiating the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the autumn of 1991, the leaders of Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine met on December 8 in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha Natural Reserve, about 50 km (30 mi) north of Brest in Belarus, and signed an agreement establishing the CIS. At the same time they announced that the new confederation would be open to all republics of the former ...

See also:

Commonwealth of Independent States, Commonwealth of Independent States - History, Commonwealth of Independent States - Foundation, Commonwealth of Independent States - CIS crisis, Commonwealth of Independent States - Role and organization, Commonwealth of Independent States - Institutions, Commonwealth of Independent States - Election Observation Missions, Commonwealth of Independent States - Moves for further integration, Commonwealth of Independent States - CIS Collective Security Treaty, Commonwealth of Independent States - Russian Language, Commonwealth of Independent States - Common Economic Space

Read more here: » Commonwealth of Independent States: Encyclopedia II - Commonwealth of Independent States - History

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline

The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline (sometimes abbreviated as BTC pipeline) transports crude oil 1,760 km (1,093 miles) from the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli oil field in the Caspian Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. It passes through Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan; Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia; and Ceyhan, a port on the south-eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey, hence its name. It is the second longest oil pipeline in the world (the longest being the Druzhba pipeline from Russia to central Europe). Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pi ...

Including:

Read more here: » Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline: Encyclopedia - Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics

Boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics took place in the Peristeri Olympic Boxing Hall. The event was only open to males and bouts were contested over four rounds of two minutes each. Five judges scored the fighters in real time and the boxer with the most points at the end was the winner. Three days before the games opening ceremony the International Olympic Committee announced [1] that Kenyan boxer David Munya ...

Including:

Read more here: » Boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics: Encyclopedia - Boxing at the 2004 Summer Olympics

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Balochi language

Balochi, a north-western Iranian language, is the principal language of Balochistan. There are several other minor languages which are spoken at the ethnic borders of Pakistani and Iranian Balochistan (Sistan and Baluchistan). The speakers of minority languages (Brahui, Saraiki, Sindhi, and Persian (Dehwari dialect)) are bilingual. Persian and English were used as official languages in western Balochistan (Iran-Afghanistan), the Khanate of Balochistan, and British Balochistan. In 1947, the independent Khanate of Balochistan announced Balochi as an official and national la ...

Including:

Read more here: » Balochi language: Encyclopedia - Balochi language

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Bahá'í House of Worship

The Báb · Abdu'l-Bahá Kitáb-i-Aqdas · Kitáb-i-Íqán The Hidden Words Administrative Order The Guardian Universal House of Justice Continental Counsellors Spiritual Assembly Haifa · Akká Shiraz · Baghdad Bahá'í History · Timeline Bábís · Shaykh Ahmad Táhirih · Quddús · Badí' Shoghi Effendi Rúhíyyih Khanum Unity of humanity Unity of religion Gender equality Universal education Science and religion Auxilliary language Symbols · Humor · L ...

Including:

Read more here: » Bahá'í House of Worship: Encyclopedia - Bahá'í House of Worship

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Azerbaijani people

Azerbaijan:    7,800,000 Russia:    622,000 Turkey:    530,000 Georgia:    340,000 United States:    280,000 Canada:    263,000 Germany:    55,000 Other:    30,000 Azerbaijanis are a people numbering more than 35 million worldwide. The majority, around 20-30 million (estimates vary), live in Iran. The rest, around 8 million, live in Republic of Azerbaijan ...

Including:

Read more here: » Azerbaijani people: Encyclopedia - Azerbaijani people

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Asian Games

The Asian Games, also called the Asiad, is a multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia. The games are regulated by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) under the supervision of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Medals are awarded in each event, with gold for first place, silver for second and bronze for third, a tradition which started in 1950. Competitors are entered by a National Olympic Committee (NOC) to represent their country of citizenship. National anthems and flags accompany ...

Including:

Read more here: » Asian Games: Encyclopedia - Asian Games

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Indo-Aryan migration

Indo-Aryan migration refers to the migration and expansion of the Indo-Aryans during the 2nd millennium BC or earlier. Archaeological and philological data indicates that there was a shift of settlements from the northwestern part of South Asia to the Gangetic valley and to the south during the second millennium BCE, but does not clearly support a migration of Indo-Aryan people into South Asia. Based on linguistic data, many scholars have argued that Indo-Aryan speakers invaded in South Asia in the second millennium BCE. This correspo ...

Including:

Read more here: » Indo-Aryan migration: Encyclopedia - Indo-Aryan migration

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Aurangzeb

Abu Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir (Persian: ابو مظفر محی الدین محمد اورنگزیب عالمگیر) (November 3, 1618 – March 3, 1707), usually known as Aurangzeb, but also sometimes as Alamgir I, was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1658 until 1707. He was and is a very controversial figure in Indian history. Unlike his predecessors, Aurangzeb led a remarkably austere and pious life. Strict adherence to Islam and Sharia (Islamic law)—as he interpreted them—were ...

Including:

Read more here: » Aurangzeb: Encyclopedia - Aurangzeb

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Azerbaijani language

The Azerbaijani language, also called Azeri, Azari, Azeri Turkish, or Azerbaijani Turkish, is the official language of Republic of Azerbaijan. It is called Azərbaycan dili in Azerbaijani. Some dialects of the language are spoken in many parts of Iran (but most notably in the northwestern areas, known as Iranian Azerbaijan), where it is the most dominant language and lingua franca for minority languages to the area such as Kurdish, Armenian ...

Including:

Read more here: » Azerbaijani language: Encyclopedia - Azerbaijani language

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Bride kidnapping

Bride kidnapping, also known as marriage by abduction or marriage by capture, is a form of forced marriage practiced in a few traditional cultures, in countries including Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, the Caucasus region, Ethiopia and Rwanda. From the perspective of most cultures in the world, bride kidnapping is considered a sex crime, rather than a valid form of marriage. In agricultural and patriarchal societies, where the bride kidnapping is most common, children work for their family and a woman becom ...

Read more here: » Bride kidnapping: Encyclopedia - Bride kidnapping

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex

The Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (or BMAC, also known as the Oxus civilization) the modern archaeological designation for a Bronze Age culture of Central Asia, dated to ca. 2200–1700 BC, located in present day Turkmenistan, northern Afghanistan, southern Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan, centered on the upper Amu Darya (Oxus). Its sites were discovered and named by Victor Sarianidi (1976). Bactria was the Greek name for the area of Bactra (modern Balkh), in what is now northern Afghanistan, an ...

Including:

Read more here: » Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex: Encyclopedia - Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Culture of Myanmar

The culture of Myanmar has been heavily influenced by Buddhism. More recently, British imperialism has influenced aspects of Burmese culture, such as language and education. Culture of Myanmar - Arts. Historically, Burmese art was based on Buddhist and Hindu myths. There are several regional styles of Buddha images, each with certain distinctive characteristics. Temple architecture is usually made of brick, and pagodas are layered with gold leaf. Burmese literature is influenced by Buddhism. Since orthodox ...

Including:

Read more here: » Culture of Myanmar: Encyclopedia - Culture of Myanmar

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Central Asian Republics

The Central Asian Republics are five countries located in Central Asia that were former republics of the Soviet Union. They are: Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan The Central Asian Republics are sometimes referred to as Central Asia, although others prefer this term to be reserved for a larger geographic region within Asia ...

Read more here: » Central Asian Republics: Encyclopedia - Central Asian Republics

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Central Asia

Central Asia (Russian: Среднaя Азия/"Srednaya Azia" for "Middle Asia" or Центральная Азия/"Tsentral'naya Azia" for "Central Asia"; in Persian آسياى ميانه; Standard Mandarin Chinese: 中亚/ pinyin: "Zhōngyà"; Arabic: ﺔﻄﻮﺳﻠﺍ ﺎﺴﻴﺁ/"Asya al Wsta") is a vast landlocked region of Asia. Though various definitions of its exact composition exist, no one definition is universally accepted. Despite this uncertainty in defining borders, it does have some important overall characteristics. ...

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Read more here: » Central Asia: Encyclopedia - Central Asia

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is a landlocked endorheic sea between Asia and Europe (European Russia). It is the world's largest inland body of water. It has a surface area of 371,000 km² (143,000 sq. mi.), and a maximum depth of about 980m (3200 ft). Thus it has characteristics common to both seas and lakes. It is often listed as the world's largest lake, though it is not a freshwater one. Caspian Sea - Geography. The Caspian Sea is bordered by Russia (Dagestan, Kalmykia, Astrakhan Oblast), Republic of Azerbaijan, Iran ...

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Read more here: » Caspian Sea: Encyclopedia - Caspian Sea

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Bukharan Jews

Bukharan Jews (Bukhoran Jews, Bukharian Jews) is a blanket term for Jews from the Central Asia speaking a dialect of Tajik language. They got their name from the Uzbek city of Bukhara, which once had a large community. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the vast majority have moved to the United States or to Israel. Bukharan Jews - Background. The Bukharan Jews trace their ancestry to Israelites who never came back from the Babylonian captivity after exile in the 7th century BCE. In Centr ...

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Read more here: » Bukharan Jews: Encyclopedia - Bukharan Jews

Turkmenistan: Encyclopedia - Arthur Koestler

Arthur Koestler (Hungarian: Kösztler Artur; September 5, 1905 – March 3, 1983) was a journalist, novelist, political activist, social philosopher, and science writer. Born Hungarian and a naturalized British subject, he wrote a number of popular books, including Arrow in the Blue (the first volume of his autobiography); The Yogi and the Commissar (a collection of essays, many dealing with Communism); The Sleepwalkers (A History of Man's Changing Vision of the Universe); The Act of Creation; and Including:

Read more here: » Arthur Koestler: Encyclopedia - Arthur Koestler

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