Turkish Cypriots

The country of Turkey has been the site of wide variety of empires and has literally been a crossroads for much of Eurasia. Some of the earliest known inhabitants include the Hattians also known as Hattis, 2500-2000 BCE, who were quite possibly an aboriginal people of Anatolia. They were followed by the Hittites, 2000-1750 BCE, an Indo-European people from the steppes of modern Russia and the Ukraine, who merged with the local population. Later invaders included Phrygians, Lydians, Assyrians, Armenians, Kurds, Greeks, Romans, Galatians, Byza ...

See also:

Turkish people, Turkish people - A brief historical overview, Turkish people - The Modern Turks, Turkish people - Turkish phenotypes and diversity

Read more here: » Turkish people: Encyclopedia II - Turkish people - A brief historical overview

Ultimately, it is absurd to speak of any ‘Turkish race’ in the tangled ethnic web of Anatolia. Race as a genetic-based social category that is in any case a concept of the XIXth century, is no longer accepted by most social scientists. As a matter of fact, most present-day Turks are the offspring of all sorts of populations whose original languages have sometimes been extinct several centuries ago. Among the Black Sea Turkish intellectuals there have been in the last few years a revival of interest for the forgotten ethnic and rel ...

See also:

Turkish people, Turkish people - A brief historical overview, Turkish people - The Modern Turks, Turkish people - Turkish phenotypes and diversity

Read more here: » Turkish people: Encyclopedia II - Turkish people - The Modern Turks

While the majority of Turks do bear a common brunette Mediterranean appearance similar to that of neighboring countries, there are large visible exceptions that are a testament to the legacy of population movements into the region. People walking in a Turkish street or watching a Turkish movie can see Turks of about all physical types prevalent in the country, from the blond haired and-blue-eyed to the Asiatic Mongol individuals, and even people with some partial black African roots, from the times when the Ottoman Empire stretched into Sudan. Turkey, like so many other vast former imperialist powers such ...

See also:

Turkish people, Turkish people - A brief historical overview, Turkish people - The Modern Turks, Turkish people - Turkish phenotypes and diversity

Read more here: » Turkish people: Encyclopedia II - Turkish people - Turkish phenotypes and diversity

1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). 1963 - Events. 1963 - January. January 1 - CSIRO scientist Dr Gilbert Bogle and Mrs Margaret Chandler are found dead, believed to have been poisoned, in bushland near the Lane Cove River, Sydney. Known as the Bogle-Chandler case. January 11 - The Whisky A Go-Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the USA, is opened. January 14 - George Wallace becomes ...

Including:

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• 1963 - Unknown date
• 1963 - Births
• 1963 - January
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• 1963 - April
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• 1963 - Unknown date
• 1963 - Deaths
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Read more here: » 1963: Encyclopedia - 1963

The Annan Plan proposed the creation of the United Cyprus Republic, covering the island of Cyprus in its entirety (except for the British Sovereign Base Areas). This new country was to be a loose confederation of two constituent states – the Greek Cypriot State and the Turkish Cypriot State – joined together by a minimal federal government apparatus. This federal level, loosely based on the Swiss confederal model, would have incorporated the following elements: A collective Presidential Council, made up of six voting ...

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Annan Plan for Cyprus, Annan Plan for Cyprus - Proposal, Annan Plan for Cyprus - Negotiations, Annan Plan for Cyprus - Rejection, Annan Plan for Cyprus - Reasons for Greek-Cypriot rejection of the Annan Plan, Annan Plan for Cyprus - Recent Developments, Annan Plan for Cyprus - Sources

Read more here: » Annan Plan for Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Annan Plan for Cyprus - Proposal

The main reason for the 75 percent "no" vote among Greek Cypriots in the referendum was the general perception that the Annan Plan was unbalanced and excessively pro-Turkish, and that it would not safeguard Greek Cypriot rights in the north. Political leaders in both controlled area of Republic of Cyprus and Greece also influenced the Greek Cypriot vote by strongly opposing the plan. Tassos Papadopoulos, president of the Republic of Cyprus, spoke out against the plan in an emotional speech broadcast live on television. Two days before ...

See also:

Cyprus reunification referendum 2004, Cyprus reunification referendum 2004 - Results, Cyprus reunification referendum 2004 - Reasons for rejection, Cyprus reunification referendum 2004 - Reaction, Cyprus reunification referendum 2004 - External link

Read more here: » Cyprus reunification referendum 2004: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus reunification referendum 2004 - Reasons for rejection

The town of Limassol is situated between the ancient towns of Amathus and Curium (Kourion). The English King Richard the Lionheart destroyed Amathus in 1191. Lemesos (Limassol) was probably built after Amathus had been ruined. However, the town of Lemesos (Limassol) was inhabited since the very old times. Graves that were found there date back to 2.000 B.C. and others date back to the 8th and 4th century BC. These few remains that were left behind show that a small colonization must have existed which did not manage to develop and flourish. The ancient writers mention nothi ...

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Limassol, Limassol - History, Limassol - Administration, Limassol - Economy, Limassol - Demographics, Limassol - Sites of interest, Limassol - Festivals, Limassol - Sports, Limassol - Twinned Cities, Limassol - Reference, Limassol - External link, Limassol - Other Uses

Read more here: » Limassol: Encyclopedia II - Limassol - History

Note: The status of the TRNC is disputed. It is not recognised by the international community except Turkey, and as such the terms associated with politics (President, Prime Minister, elections, government, parliament) remain controversial when used in relations to the TRNC. Many opponents of the 1974 Turkish occupation of Cyprus refuse to acknowledge the legitimacy of the TRNC administration ...

See also:

Mehmet Ali Talat, Mehmet Ali Talat - Biography, Mehmet Ali Talat - Political career in the TRNC, Mehmet Ali Talat - External link

Read more here: » Mehmet Ali Talat: Encyclopedia II - Mehmet Ali Talat - Political career in the TRNC

Because of its status and especially due to the trade embargo against it, the TRNC is heavily dependent on Turkish military and economic support. It uses the New Turkish Lira as its currency. All TRNC exports and imports are via Turkey, as are its communication links. International telephone calls are routed via a Turkish dialling code, +90 392, on the Internet TRNC is under the Turkish second-level domain .nc.tr, and mail must be addressed via Mersin 10, TURK ...

See also:

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - History, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Politics, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - International status, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Communications and Transport

Read more here: » Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Communications and Transport

CyBC is a non-profit organization that utilises its entire income for the promotion of its main mission, which is the objective provision of information, culture and entertainment for the people of Cyprus. The CyBC started transmitting on radio in 1953 as the Cyprus Broadcasting Service. Television broadcasts followed three years later and it became a Corporation in 1960 when the island gained independence from Great Britain. The first TV programme in Cyprus was transmitted during the British Colonial era, in October 1957, when ...

See also:

Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation, Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation - History, Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation - Programs

Read more here: » Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation - History

As with so much relating to the Cyprus Dispute, the starting date of the conflict is open to argument and controversy. Most Greek Cypriots will hypothesize an uninterrupted Greek presence on the island dating back four thousand years. The Turkish presence on the island is far more recent, dating back to the conquest of the island by the Ottoman Empire in 1571. However, as many Turkish Cypriots will point out, this nevertheless gives the Turkish Cypriots a four hundred year old right to regard the island as their home. In more contemporary te ...

See also:

Cyprus dispute, Cyprus dispute - Historical background prior to 1960, Cyprus dispute - EOKA campaign and creation of TMT 1955-59, Cyprus dispute - Uprisings, Cyprus dispute - Population distribution, Cyprus dispute - Constitutional breakdown and intercommunal talks 1960-74, Cyprus dispute - Peacemaking efforts 1964-1974, Cyprus dispute - Turkish Invasion 1974, Cyprus dispute - Peace negotiations 1974-1994, Cyprus dispute - Turkish Cypriot unilateral declaration of independence, Cyprus dispute - The Set of Ideas, Cyprus dispute - Deadlock and legal battles 1994-97, Cyprus dispute - EU accession and the settlement process 1997-present, Cyprus dispute - The UN plan for the reunification of Cyprus Annan Plan, Cyprus dispute - Referendums 24 April 2004, Cyprus dispute - The Cyprus Dispute after the referendum, Cyprus dispute - Sources, Cyprus dispute - Official publications and sources, Cyprus dispute - Other sources

Read more here: » Cyprus dispute: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus dispute - Historical background prior to 1960

Demonstrations took place across Europe and some of the largest drawing attendance figures in the tens of thousands in many cities. Approximately one-fifth of the total demonstrators worldwide protested in Europe. February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Western Europe. Britain's Stop the War Coalition (StWC) held a protest in London which became the largest demonstration in the city's history. Police estimated attendance at 750,000 people; the demonstration's ...

See also:

February 15 2003 anti-war protest, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - International coordination, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Europe, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Western Europe, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Eastern Europe, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Southeastern Europe, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Americas, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Canada, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - United States, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Mexico, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - South America, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Asia, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Middle East, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Other Areas in Asia, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Africa, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - South Africa, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Tunisia, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Oceania, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Polar, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Full list, February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Effect

Read more here: » February 15 2003 anti-war protest: Encyclopedia II - February 15 2003 anti-war protest - Europe

As with so much relating to the Cyprus Dispute, the starting date of the conflict is open to argument and controversy. Most Greek Cypriots will hypothesize an uninterrupted Greek presence on the island dating back four thousand years and note that the Turkish presence on the island is far more recent, dating back to the conquest of the island by the Ottoman Empire in 1571. However, as many Turkish Cypriots will point out, this nevertheless gives the Turkish Cypriots a four hundred year old right to regard the island as their home. In more co ...

See also:

Cyprus dispute, Cyprus dispute - Historical background prior to 1960, Cyprus dispute - EOKA campaign and creation of TMT 1955-59, Cyprus dispute - Uprisings, Cyprus dispute - Population distribution, Cyprus dispute - Constitutional breakdown and intercommunal talks 1960-74, Cyprus dispute - Peacemaking efforts 1964-1974, Cyprus dispute - Turkish Invasion 1974, Cyprus dispute - Peace negotiations 1974-1994, Cyprus dispute - Turkish Cypriot unilateral declaration of independence, Cyprus dispute - The Set of Ideas, Cyprus dispute - Deadlock and legal battles 1994-97, Cyprus dispute - EU accession and the settlement process 1997-present, Cyprus dispute - The UN plan for the reunification of Cyprus Annan Plan, Cyprus dispute - Referendums 24 April 2004, Cyprus dispute - The Cyprus Dispute after the referendum, Cyprus dispute - Sources, Cyprus dispute - Official publications and sources, Cyprus dispute - Other sources

Read more here: » Cyprus dispute: Encyclopedia II - Cyprus dispute - Historical background prior to 1960

In October 1955, with the security situation deteriorating, the British governor, Sir John Harding, opened talks on the island’s future. By this stage, Makarios had become closely identified with the insurgency, and talks broke up without any agreement in early 1956. Makarios, characterised in the British press as a crooked Greek priest and viewed with suspicion by the British authorities, was exiled to the Seychelles on 9 Marc ...

See also:

Makarios III, Makarios III - Early Life Studies and Church Career 1913-1950, Makarios III - Enosis and EOKA 1950-1955, Makarios III - Exile Escalation and Taksim 1955-60, Makarios III - Primacy and Presidency 1960-1963, Makarios III - Makarios and the Cyprus Problem 1964-1977, Makarios III - Death and Legacy, Makarios III - Quotes

Read more here: » Makarios III: Encyclopedia II - Makarios III - Exile Escalation and Taksim 1955-60

Various pre-Islamic Turkic civilizations of the 6th century were Shamanist and Tengriist. The Shamanist religion is based on spiritual and natural elements of earth. Tenghriism in turn involved belief in the god Tenghri as the god who ruled over the skies.They were also bearers of the Zoroastrian religion, especially in Azerbaijan, Buddhism, Judaism and above all Islam. Today, most Turks are Sunni Muslims. They include the majority of Balkan Turks, Bashkorts, Crimean Tatars, Karachay, Kazaks, Kumuk, Kyrgyz, Malkar, Nogay, Tatars (Kaza ...

See also:

Turkic peoples, Turkic peoples - Geographical Distribution, Turkic peoples - Turkic Roots, Turkic peoples - Nomenclature, Turkic peoples - Traditions About Nomenclature, Turkic peoples - History, Turkic peoples - Language, Turkic peoples - Religion, Turkic peoples - Geographical distribution and ethnic division, Turkic peoples - Physical appearance, Turkic peoples - Turkish world and Pan-Turkism, Turkic peoples - Translations for Turk

Read more here: » Turkic peoples: Encyclopedia II - Turkic peoples - Religion

History of Cyprus - Overview. Following the Ottoman Empires defeat in World War I, Cyprus was annexed by Britain in 1925 and made a crown colony. Between 1955-59 EOKA was created by Greek Cypriots and led by George Grivas which targeted mainly British but also Turkish Cypriots and leftist Greeks at a smaller scale, in a campaign of violence to perform enosis (union of the island with Greece). However the EOKA campaign did not result union with Greece but rather an independent republic, The Rep ...

See also:

History of Cyprus, History of Cyprus - The name, History of Cyprus - Prehistory, History of Cyprus - Ancient history, History of Cyprus - Middle Ages, History of Cyprus - Ottoman Empire, History of Cyprus - Modern History, History of Cyprus - Overview, History of Cyprus - Timeline

Read more here: » History of Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - History of Cyprus - Modern History

Because of its status and especially due to the trade embargo imposed against it by the southern Republic of Cyprus, the northern TRNC is heavily dependent on Turkish military and economic support. It uses the New Turkish Lira and the euro as its currency. All TRNC exports and imports have to take place via Turkey, likewise for its communication links. International telephone calls are routed via a Turkish dialling code, +90 392, on the Internet TRNC is under the Turkish second-level domain .nc.tr, and mail must be addressed via Mersin 10, TURK ...

See also:

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - History, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Politics, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - International status, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Communications and Transport

Read more here: » Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Communications and Transport

The Greek Cypriots trace their origins to the descendants of the Achaean Greeks and later the Mycenaean Greeks, who settled on the island during the second half of the second millennium B.C. The island gradually became part of the Hellenic world as the settlers prospered over the next centuries. Alexander the Great liberated the island from the Persians in 333 B.C. After the division of the Roman Empire in A.D. 285 Cypriots enjoyed home rule almost nine centuries under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Empire of Byzantium, something not seen a ...

See also:

Greek Cypriot, Greek Cypriot - History, Greek Cypriot - Greek Cypriot Language

Read more here: » Greek Cypriot: Encyclopedia II - Greek Cypriot - History

Because of its status and especially due to the trade embargo imposed against it by the southern Republic of Cyprus, the northern TRNC is heavily dependent on Turkish military and economic support. It uses the New Turkish Lira and the euro as its currency. All TRNC exports and imports have to take place via Turkey, likewise for its communication links. International telephone calls are routed via a Turkish dialling code, +90 392, on the Internet TRNC is under the Turkish second-level domain .nc.tr, and mail must be addressed via Mersin 10, TURK ...

See also:

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - History, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Politics, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Economy, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - International status, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Communications and Transport

Read more here: » Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus: Encyclopedia II - Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - Communications and Transport

1963 - January. January 1 - CSIRO scientist Dr Gilbert Bogle and Mrs Margaret Chandler are found dead, believed to have been poisoned, in bushland near the Lane Cove River, Sydney. Known as the Bogle-Chandler case. January 11 - The Whisky A Go-Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the USA, is opened. January 14 - George Wallace becomes governor of Alabama. January 22 - Elysée treaty between France and Germany January 28 - Black student Harvey Gantt enters Clem ...

See also:

1963, 1963 - Events, 1963 - January, 1963 - February, 1963 - March, 1963 - April, 1963 - May, 1963 - June, 1963 - July, 1963 - August, 1963 - September, 1963 - October, 1963 - November, 1963 - December, 1963 - Unknown date, 1963 - Births, 1963 - January, 1963 - February, 1963 - March, 1963 - April, 1963 - May, 1963 - June, 1963 - July, 1963 - August, 1963 - September, 1963 - October, 1963 - November, 1963 - December, 1963 - Unknown date, 1963 - Deaths, 1963 - January, 1963 - February, 1963 - March, 1963 - April, 1963 - May, 1963 - June, 1963 - July, 1963 - August, 1963 - September, 1963 - October, 1963 - November, 1963 - December, 1963 - Nobel Prizes

Read more here: » 1963: Encyclopedia II - 1963 - Events