Turf may refer to Sod, the surface layer of ground consisting of a matt of grass and grass roots, sometimes used as a construction material AstroTurf, or any variety of artificial turf made to resemble grass A colloquialism for the world of horse-racing Slang for territory claimed by a gang Slang for the area of jurisdiction or influence exercised by a unit within a bureaucracy Peat used for fuel. Other related archivesAstroTurf

Read more here: » Turf: Encyclopedia - Turf

Including:

• Artificial turf - External Link

Read more here: » Artificial turf: Encyclopedia - Artificial turf

Turf maze - Surviving English examples. As noted above, turf mazes are notoriously difficult to date, as they have to be recut periodically to keep the paths clear. Eight supposedly ancient turf mazes survive in England: Alkborough, North Lincolnshire "Julian's Bower", "Gillian's Bore" or "Gilling Bore" (mentioned by Abraham de la Pryme c. 1700) Breamore, Hampshire "Miz-Maze" or "Mizmaze" Dalby, North Yorkshire "Walls of Troy" Hilton, Cambridgeshire (cut in 1660) ...

See also:

Turf maze, Turf maze - Origins of the turf maze, Turf maze - The purpose of turf mazes, Turf maze - Maze names, Turf maze - Historic turf mazes, Turf maze - Surviving English examples, Turf maze - Lost British turf mazes, Turf maze - Historic turf mazes in Europe, Turf maze - Some modern turf mazes

Read more here: » Turf maze: Encyclopedia II - Turf maze - Historic turf mazes

Caerdroia: Literal translation from the Welsh language means "Castle of Turns". It is also thought to be a reference to Troy - since Caerdroia is also the modern Welsh word for that famous ancient city. In medieval times Caerdroia was a turf labyrinth usually in the seven fold Cretan Labyrinth design. They were created by shepherds on hilltops and were apparently the setting for ritual dances the nature of which have been lost. However, at the centre of each Caerdroia was a small hillock - in Welsh, "twmpath." A gathering for f ...

Including:

• Caerdroia - Mythical link

Read more here: » Caerdroia: Encyclopedia - Caerdroia

Alkborough is an English village of about 450 people in North Lincolnshire, located in an isolated but attractive position near the northern end of the Cliff range of hills overlooking the point called Trent Falls, where the Rivers Trent and Ouse join to form the River Humber. The parish, which covers about 2,875 acres (12 km²), includes the hamlet of Walcot (a 'shrunken village'), which lies about a ...

Including:

• Alkborough - Alkborough turf maze
• Alkborough - Alkborough Flats

Read more here: » Alkborough: Encyclopedia - Alkborough

Wing is a small village in the county of Rutland in the East Midlands of England. Wing Rutland - Architecture. The 17th century houses in Wing were built from stone quarried at nearby Barnack. The church, dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Paul, was much rebuilt in 1875, at which time the spire was removed. Some parts of the building date from Norman times, including the south arcade of c. 1150, the slightly later north arcade and the north doorway. Wing Rutland - Turf maze ...

Including:

• Wing Rutland - Architecture
• Wing Rutland - Turf maze
• Wing Rutland - Waterworks
• Wing Rutland - Famous inhabitants

Read more here: » Wing Rutland: Encyclopedia - Wing Rutland

Creel is a type of small wicker or osier basket. It is mostly used as a fisherman's basket, holding fish or other seafood catches (such as mollusks or crustaceans) that have been caught. There is also a "spinning" creel, which is a bar or set of bars used to spin wool into thread. Another type of creel is the Turf Creel. Traditionally used in the west of Ireland, there are a variety of styles and sizes. These creels were commonly used for c ...

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A lawn is an area of land planted with grass and sometimes clover and other plants, which are maintained at an even low height. Lawn - Usage. Lawns are a standard or essential feature of ornamental private and public gardens and landscapes in much of the world today. Lawns are created for aesthetic use in gardens, and for recreational use, including sports. They are typically planted near homes, often as part of gardens, and are also used in other ornamental landscapes and gardens. Lawns are also a c ...

Including:

• Lawn - Usage
• Lawn - History
• Lawn - Maintenance
• Lawn - Criticisms

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AstroTurf is a registered trademark of Textile Management Associates, applied to a particular kind of artificial turf. The term is sometimes used as a generic description of any kind of artificial turf. AstroTurf was invented in 1965 by employees of Monsanto and patented in 1967 under the name "Chemgrass." It was renamed AstroTurf after its first well-publicised use at the Houston Astrodome baseball stadium. The advantage of AstroTurf over grass turf is quite evident: an artificial turf requires minimal maintenance. It i ...

Read more here: » AstroTurf: Encyclopedia - AstroTurf

In Greek mythology, the Labyrinth was an elaborate maze-like structure constructed for King Minos of Crete and designed by the legendary artificer Daedalus to hold the Minotaur, a creature that was half man and half bull and was eventually killed by the Athenian hero Theseus. Theseus was aided by Ariadne, who provided him with a fateful thread to wind his way back again. The term labyrinth is often used interchangeably with maze, but a maze is a tour puzzle in the form of a complex branching passage, with choices ...

Including:

• Labyrinth - Ancient labyrinths
• Labyrinth - Labyrinth as pattern
• Labyrinth - Modern labyrinths
• Labyrinth - Modern interpretations of the Greek labyrinth
• Labyrinth - Cultural meanings

Read more here: » Labyrinth: Encyclopedia - Labyrinth

Bord na Móna (lit. Peat Board) is a semi-state company in the Republic of Ireland, created in 1946 by the Turf Development Act, 1946. The company is responsible for the mechanised harvesting of peat, primarily in the Midlands of Ireland. Extensive bogland is exploited in County Offaly and County Westmeath, mainly the Bog of Allen. The company was originally established in 1933 as the Turf Development Board, Limited, to manage this relatively plentiful natural resource. During WWII it was necessary to stockpile peat as a fuel, as coal was in short supply, – thi ...

Including:

• Bord na Móna - External link

Read more here: » Bord na Móna: Encyclopedia - Bord na Móna

The Latin words hortus (garden plant) and cultura (culture) together form horticulture, classically defined as the culture or growing of garden plants. Horticulturists work in plant propagation, crop production, plant breeding and genetic engineering, plant biochemistry, plant physiology, and the storage, processing, and transportation of fruits, berries, nuts, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs, and turf. They improve crop yield, quality, nutritional value, and resistance to insects, diseases, and environmental stresses. Genetics is also used as a valuable tool in the development of plants that can synthesize ...

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Sod is grass turf and the part of the soil beneath it held together by the roots, or a piece of this material. Some sod is grown agriculturally, and is sold to landscapers who use it to quickly establish a lawn. Sod - As a landscaping material. Transplanting sod is both the quickest and the most costly method for adding a lawn to landscaping. Although it takes some time for the roots of the sod to connect the sod to the new location, the lawn can appear to be well established as soon as the sod is put in pl ...

Including:

• Sod - As a landscaping material
• Sod - As a building material
• Sod - Other meanings

Read more here: » Sod: Encyclopedia - Sod

A bookmaker, bookie or turf accountant, is an organisation or a person that takes bets and may pay winnings depending upon results and, depending on the nature of the bet, the odds. Bookmaking may be legal or illegal, and may be regulated; in the United Kingdom it was at times both regulated and illegal, in that licences were required but no debts arising from gambling could be enforced through the courts. Bookmaking is generally illegal in the United States, with Nevada being a notable exception. In some countrie ...

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For the novel by the same name, see Black House. The black house is a traditional type of house which used to be common in Highland Scotland, the Hebrides and Ireland. It was generally built with double wall dry-stone walls packed with earth and wooden rafters covered with a turf roof, although reed thatch was occasionally used as the roofing material. The floor was generally flagstones or packed earth and there was a central hearth for the fire. There was no chimney for the smoke to escape though ...

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The Antonine Wall is a stone and turf fortification, built by the Romans across what is now the central belt of Scotland. Construction of the Antonine Wall began in 142 CE during the reign of Antoninus Pius, and was completed in 144. The wall stretches 60 kilometres (37 miles) from Old Kirkpatrick in West Dunbartonshire on the Firth of Clyde to Bo'ness, Falkirk, on the Firth of Forth. The wall was intended to replace Hadrian's Wall 160 km (100 miles) to the south, as the frontier of Britannia, but while the Romans did es ...

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Charles James Apperley (1777-May 19, 1843), English sportsman and sporting writer, better known as Nimrod, the pseudonym under which he published his works on the chase in the turf, was born at Plasgronow, near Wrexham, in Denbighshire, in 1777. Between the years 1805 and 1820 Apperley devoted himself to fox-hunting. About 1821 he began to contribute to Sporting Magazine, under the pseudonym of "Nimrod", a series of racy articles, which helped to double the circulation the magazine in a year or two. The proprietor ...

Including:

• Charles James Apperley - Writings

Read more here: » Charles James Apperley: Encyclopedia - Charles James Apperley

The cast steel plow was invented in 1838 by blacksmith John Deere. Although most of the plough was constructed of cast iron, the steel share allowed the plough to cut through the tough turf of the American Great Plains without breaking, and was designed to handle sticky soil without clogging. Deere became a millionaire through his invention. In 1868 John Lane patented a "soft center" steel plough, in which the hard, brittle face was backed by a softer, more flexible metal. This reduced plough breakage.

There has been much speculation about why turf mazes were cut and what they were used for. Because many English examples follow the same medieval pattern used for pavement mazes in cathedrals elsewhere in Europe (most notably Chartres), it is often said they were used by penitents who would follow the paths on hands and knees, but there seems to be no documentary evidence for this. Some turf maze sites were close to religious establis ...

See also:

Turf maze, Turf maze - Origins of the turf maze, Turf maze - The purpose of turf mazes, Turf maze - Maze names, Turf maze - Historic turf mazes, Turf maze - Surviving English examples, Turf maze - Lost British turf mazes, Turf maze - Historic turf mazes in Europe, Turf maze - Some modern turf mazes

Read more here: » Turf maze: Encyclopedia II - Turf maze - The purpose of turf mazes

The United States government has announced its intentions to engage in a protracted war against terrorists and states which aid terrorists in response to the attacks. The first target was the Taliban government in Afghanistan, because they did not turn over Osama bin Laden (prime suspect). The Taliban alleged their inability to satisfy this request and demanded their right to examine the evidence in which the United States government based its claims. This was denied and the United States government expressed its unwillingness to enter into ...

Including:

• U.S. government response to the September 11 2001 attacks - Military response
• U.S. government response to the September 11 2001 attacks - Domestic response

Read more here: » U.S. government response to the September 11 2001 attacks: Encyclopedia - U.S. government response to the September 11 2001 attacks