Encyclopedia - Tsar: Encyclopedia - Tsar
Tsar (Bulgarian and Serbian цар, Russian царь ▶ (help·info)), often spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English),...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar - Russia
In 1547, Ivan IV of Russia, of the Moscovian dynasty, changed his title from "Veliki Kniaz (Grand Duke) of the whole Rus" to "tsar of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar - History Of Usage
"Tsar" is a corrupted Slavonic transliteration from the Roman "Caesar", which has a complex history, ending in utter devaluation as the B...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bell Instrument: Encyclopedia - Bell Instrument
A bell is a simple sound-making device. The bell is a percussion instrument and an idiophone. Its form is usually an open-ended hollow dr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boris: Encyclopedia - Boris
Boris is a Bulgarian name, also common in Russia and Slovenia. Tsar Boris I was the first Christian ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mico: Encyclopedia - Mico
Mico may refer to: a Bulgarian tsar - see Mitso Asen a type of monkeys - see Marmoset a Canadian melodic rock band - see Mico (band) O...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ukase: Encyclopedia - Ukase
Ukaz (plural Ukazy) (Russian: указ, ukaz) in Imperial Russia was a proclamation of the tsar, government, or a religions leader (patri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1698: Encyclopedia - 1698
1698 - Events. January 4 - Palace of Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire. June 19 - Volcano of Carguarazon erupts in the Andes an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bitola Inscription: Encyclopedia - Bitola Inscription
The Bitola inscription is an inscription made by order of Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Vladislav in 1015 or 1016 in connection with the fortificat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 997: Encyclopedia - 997
997 - Events. City of Gdansk is founded Saint Adalbert of Prague is sent to Prussia by Boleslaus I of Poland Samuil of Bulgaria crowne...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Paul: Encyclopedia - Paul
Several notable people were called by the single name Paul: Paul of Tarsus for the self procalimed disciple of Jesus Paul is the chosen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Coronation Or The Last Of The Romanovs: Encyclopedia - Coronation Or The Last Of The Romanovs
Coronation, or the last of the Romanovs (Коронация, или Последний из романов) is a historical novel by inte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexandra Fyodorovna Of Hesse: Encyclopedia - Alexandra Fyodorovna Of Hesse
Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (German: Victoria Alix Helene Luise Beatrice Prinzessin von Hessen und bei Rhein) or Saint Alexandra,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor: Encyclopedia - Emperor
An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress is the feminine form ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar - Bulgaria
Tsar was first adopted and used as the ruler's royal style in Bulgaria by Simeon I following a decisive victory over the Byzantine Empire...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar - Serbia
The title "Tsar" was also used by Serbian rulers in the middle of the 14th century. However when Serbia, emerging as a princedom as it th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar - Etymology And Spelling
The word tsar is derived from the Latin title Caesar by way of the Old Slavonic tsesar (цесарь). The word is cognate with German Ka...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar - Bulgaria
Prince Boris I is sometimes referred as tsar, because at his time Bulgaria was Christianized. However, the title "tsar" was adopted fully...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar - History Of Usage
"Tsar" is a corrupted Slavonic transliteration from the Roman "Caesar", which has a complex history, ending in utter devaluation as the B...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar - Russia
In 1547, Ivan IV of Russia, of the Moscovian dynasty, changed his title from "Veliki Kniaz (Grand Duke) of the whole Rus" to "tsar of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar - Etymology And Spelling
The word tsar is derived from the Latin title Caesar by way of the Old Slavonic tsesar (цесарь). The word is cognate with German Ka...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar - Metaphorical Uses
Like many lofty titles, e.g. moghol, Tsar or Czar has been used as a metaphore for positions of high authority, in English since 1866 (re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar - Serbia
The title "Tsar" was also used in Serbia, but only by two monarchs - Stefan Dusan and Stefan Uroš V in the 14th century. Previous and la...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - A Life For The Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - A Life For The Tsar - Background
The historical basis of the plot involves Ivan Susanin, a patriotic hero of the early 17th century who gave his life in the expulsion of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - A Life For The Tsar: Encyclopedia Ii - A Life For The Tsar - Synopsis
(Note that the Act IV and the Epilogue contain more than one set of stage decor.) Act I. On a street in the village of Domnino, Antonida ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar Bomba: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar Bomba - Origins
Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev initiated the project on July 10, 1961, requesting that the test take place in late October, while the 2...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar Bomba: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar Bomba - The Test
The Tsar Bomba was flown to its test site by a specially modified Tu-95 release plane which took off from an airfield in the Kola peninsu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar Bomba: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar Bomba - Design
The Tsar Bomba was a multi-stage hydrogen bomb with a yield of about 50 megatons. The initial three-stage (fission-fusion-fission) design...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tsar Bomba: Encyclopedia Ii - Tsar Bomba - Analysis
The weight and size of the Tsar Bomba limited the range and speed of the specially modified bomber carrying it, and ruled out its being d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - God Save The Tsar!: Encyclopedia Ii - God Save The Tsar! - Sample Lyrics
God Save the Tsar! - Russian. Боже, Царя храни! Сильный, державный, Царствуй на славу, Hа...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Tale Of Tsar Saltan Rimsky-korsakov: Encyclopedia Ii - The Tale Of Tsar Saltan Rimsky-korsakov - Synopsis
Prologue. On a wintry evening three sisters are sitting at spinning wheels. As Tsar Saltan overhears from outside the door, the oldest si...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Tale Of Tsar Saltan Rimsky-korsakov: Encyclopedia Ii - The Tale Of Tsar Saltan Rimsky-korsakov - Characters And Setting
Boyars, boyarynyas, courtiers, nurses, clerks, guards, army, sailors, astrologers, runners, singers, servant men and women, male and fema...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romodanovsky: Encyclopedia Ii - Romodanovsky - Service To Tsar Alexis
The most important member of the senior branch was Prince Grigory Grigorievich Romodanovsky (Григорий Григорьевич Ро...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Ort: Encyclopedia Ii - World Ort - The Reforms Of Tsar Alexander Ii
The reign of Tsar Alexander II (1855-81) was marked by great changes in the extensive Russian Empire, and the Jewish inhabitants were dir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - False Dmitriy I: Encyclopedia Ii - False Dmitriy I - His Policies As A Tsar
At first he tried to consolidate his power by visiting the sepulchre of Tsar Ivan, and the convent of his widow Maria Nagaya, who accepte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romodanovsky: Encyclopedia Ii - Romodanovsky - Their Caesarean Majesties
The cadet line was continued by Yury's son Fyodor Yurievich Romodanovsky (Фёдор Юрьевич Ромодановский), who was ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romodanovsky: Encyclopedia Ii - Romodanovsky - Early History
Among Vasily's sons, one was Ivan III's okolnichi, another sat in the Boyar Duma during Vasily III's reign. Their nephew was sent by Ivan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Russian Rulers: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Russian Rulers - Emperors Of Russia 1721-1917
See List of leaders of Russia for the continuation of leadership. See Titular Emperor of Russia for a list of claimants. ... See also:L...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - False Dmitriy I: Encyclopedia Ii - False Dmitriy I - Background Of The Pretender
This would-be Dmitriy appears in history circa 1600, when his learning and assurance seem to have greatly impressed the Muscovite patriar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Okhranka: Encyclopedia Ii - Okhranka - History
The first special security department was Department on Securing the Order and Public Peace (Отделение по охранению �...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii: Encyclopedia Ii - Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii - Background
Herberstein was an Austrian diplomat who was twice sent to Russia as Austrian ambassador, in 1517 and 1526. Born in Vipava (German Wippac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii: Encyclopedia Ii - Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii - Historical Note On Muscovy And Russia
Muscovy in the 16th century was the Russian state which succeeded the Kievan Rus' in the 14th century and the 15th century before it evol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - False Dmitriy I: Encyclopedia Ii - False Dmitriy I - Way To The Russian Throne
When Boris Godunov heard about the pretender, he claimed that the man was just a runaway monk called Grigory Otrepyev (born Yury Otrepyev...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soviet Atomic Bomb Project: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Atomic Bomb Project - Administration And Personnel
The administrative head of the project was Stalin's former chief of security Lavrentii Beria, and its scientific head was the physicist I...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soviet Atomic Bomb Project: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Atomic Bomb Project - Espionage
The project had the benefit of much espionage information gathered from the Manhattan Project in the United States and United Kingdom (wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Soviet Atomic Bomb Project: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Atomic Bomb Project - Important Soviet Nuclear Tests
Soviet atomic bomb project - First Lightning. The first Soviet atomic test was First Lightning on August 29, 1949, and was code-named b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bell Instrument: Encyclopedia Ii - Bell Instrument - Uses For Bells
Bells have been used to announce the time or to call to prayers, to sound alarms, to celebrate weddings, holidays or victories. In the We...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bell Instrument: Encyclopedia Ii - Bell Instrument - Church And Temple Bells
In the Western world, its most classical form is a church bell or town bell, which is hung within a tower and sounded by having the entir...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bell Instrument: Encyclopedia Ii - Bell Instrument - Belltowers
Bells are also associated with clocks, indicating the hour by ringing. Indeed, the word clock comes from the Latin word cloca, meaning be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Order Of Battle At The Austerlitz Campaign: Encyclopedia Ii - Order Of Battle At The Austerlitz Campaign - La Grande Armée D'allemagne
The French army was under the supreme command of Emperor Napoleon, with Marshal Louis Alexandre Berthier as his chief of staff. The overa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boris Godunov: Encyclopedia Ii - Boris Godunov - Years Of Regency
The reign of Theodore began with a rebellion in favor of the infant Tsarevich Dmitry, the son of Ivan's fifth wife Maria Nagaya, a rebell...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rurik Dynasty: Encyclopedia Ii - Rurik Dynasty - List Of Rulers Of The Rurik Dynasty
Rurik Dynasty - Princes of Novgorod. Riurik (c.860–879) Oleg (Regent) (879–912) Rurik Dynasty - Rulers of Kievan Rus. Igor (91...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii: Encyclopedia Ii - Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii - The Book
As a result, Herberstein was able to produce the first detailed eyewitness ethnography of Russia, encyclopedic in its scope, providing an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Romanov: Encyclopedia Ii - Romanov - Rise To Power
The family fortunes soared when Roman's daughter, Anastasia Zakharyina, married the young Ivan IV of Muscovy in February 1547. When her h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Flag Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - Flag Of Russia - Tradition
Popular myth traces the origin of the Russian flag to Tsar Peter the Great's visit to the Netherlands in 1699. The tsar, who went there t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - The Snow Maiden: Encyclopedia Ii - The Snow Maiden - Characters And Setting
(Note: in the score the characters for the prologue and for the opera proper are given in separate lists.) Tsar Berendey: tenor Bermyata...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kostroma: Encyclopedia Ii - Kostroma - Kostroma Under The Romanovs
It is understandable why the Romanov tsars regarded Kostroma as their special protectorate. The Ipatievsky monastery was visited by many ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Bunker Buster: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Bunker Buster - Methods Of Operation
Nuclear bunker buster - Penetration by explosive force. Concrete design remains little changed since 60 years ago. The majority of prot...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boris Godunov: Encyclopedia Ii - Boris Godunov - Years Of Regency
The reign of Feodor began with a rebellion in favor of the infant Tsarevich Dmitry, the son of Ivan's fifth wife Maria Nagaya, a rebellio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Bunker Buster: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Bunker Buster - Problems With Proposed Weapons
The largest problem with a nuclear munitions is fallout. Nuclear bunker busters are not believed to be free of fallout. Instead, the reas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nuclear Bunker Buster: Encyclopedia Ii - Nuclear Bunker Buster - Development Of Bunker-busting Weapons
As early as 1944, the Wallis Tallboy bomb and subsequent Grand Slam weapons were designed to penetrate deeply fortified structures throug...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Copper Riot: Encyclopedia Ii - Copper Riot - The Riot And Its Suppression
The Copper Riot began on the early morning of July 25 and continued until afternoon. Up to 10,000 people took part in the civil unrest, m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bolshevik: Encyclopedia Ii - Bolshevik - February Revolution
Before the revolution of February, 1917, main Bolsheviks (Zinoviev, Trotsky, Lenin) lived and worked in Western Europe, receiving financi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vorotynsky: Encyclopedia Ii - Vorotynsky - The Vorotynskys And Ivan The Terrible
Ivan Mikhailovich had three sons, all of whom played a part in Muscovite politics as boyars and voivods. The eldest of these, Prince Vlad...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ruslan And Lyudmila: Encyclopedia Ii - Ruslan And Lyudmila - Background
As with A Life for the Tsar, Ruslan employs some aspects of Russian folk music; it is also noted for imaginative use of dissonance, chrom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shuisky: Encyclopedia Ii - Shuisky - The Last Of The Shuiskys
The last of the Russian Shuiskys were four brothers - Vasily Shuisky (the Russian tsar as Vasily IV), Dmitry Shuisky (infamous for having...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peter I Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - Peter I Of Russia - Early Life
Peter, the son of Alexei Mikhailovich of Russia and his second wife, Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina, was born in Moscow. Alexei I had pre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Simeon Ii Of Bulgaria: Encyclopedia Ii - Simeon Ii Of Bulgaria - Royal History
Simeon is the son of Tsar Boris III and Tsaritsa Giovanna (of the House of Savoy). He was baptized with water taken from the River Jordan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yekaterinburg: Encyclopedia Ii - Yekaterinburg - History
The city was founded in 1723 by Vasily Tatischev and named after Saint Catherine, the namesake of tsar Peter the Great's wife Catherine (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Swedish Neutrality: Encyclopedia Ii - Swedish Neutrality - The Policy Of 1812
The new foreign policy, often called the Policy of 1812, was directed by Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, the elected crown prince. The policy o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Belisarius: Encyclopedia Ii - Belisarius - Early Life And Career
Belisarius was probably born in Germane or Germania, a city that once stood on the site of present day Sapareva Banya in south-west Bulga...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Muscovy: Encyclopedia Ii - Muscovy - The Time Of Ivan Iv
The development of the tsar's autocratic powers reached a peak during the reign of Ivan IV, and he became known as the Terrible (his Russ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rila Monastery: Encyclopedia Ii - Rila Monastery - History
It is traditionally thought that the monastery was founded by the hermit St. John of Rila (Ivan Rilski), whose name it bears, during the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alexandra Fyodorovna Of Hesse: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexandra Fyodorovna Of Hesse - Revolution
Russia crashed out of World War I in 1917, and the February Revolution that followed, forced the Tsar to abdicate the throne both for him...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Prince Lazar: Encyclopedia Ii - Prince Lazar - Life
Lazar was born in Prilepac in 1329, the son of a minor vlastelin (noble). He was educated at Tsar Dusan's court in Prizren, where he late...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov: Encyclopedia Ii - Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov - Avidity And Corruption
From 1709 to 1714 he served during the Courland, Holstein and Pomeranian campaigns, but then, as governor-general of Ingria, with almost ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Muscovy: Encyclopedia Ii - Muscovy - Ivan Iv
The development of the tsar's autocratic powers reached a peak during the reign of Ivan IV, and he became known as the Terrible (his Russ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nikolai Rimsky-korsakov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nikolai Rimsky-korsakov - Overview Of Compositions
See List of compositions by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Rimsky-Korsakov was a prolific composer. Like his compatriot Cui, his greatest effor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor - Historical Development
Emperor - Europe. In the Roman tradition a large variety in the meaning and importance of the Imperial form of monarchy developed: in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Duma: Encyclopedia Ii - Duma - State Duma In Imperial Russia
Under the pressure of the Russian Revolution of 1905, on August 6, 1905 Tsar Nicholas II issued a manifesto about the convocation of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Grand Duke: Encyclopedia Ii - Grand Duke - Russian Grand Dukes
(for a fuller account, see Grand Prince) "Grand Duke" is the traditional translation of the title Velikiy Kniaz, which from the 11th cent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Duma: Encyclopedia Ii - Duma - State Duma In Imperial Russia
Under the pressure of the Russian Revolution of 1905, on August 6, 1905 Tsar Nicholas II issued a manifesto about the convocation of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Borzoi: Encyclopedia Ii - Borzoi - History
Tradition says that they were brought to Russia by Kublai Khan. Although this might be true, the original Borzoi stock was crossed with d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Russian Civil War: Encyclopedia Ii - Russian Civil War - Explanations For The Red Victory
The Reds had many strengths. They held the central, industrial area, which gave them control over railways and the production of munition...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor - Lists Of Emperors
Emperor - Emperors of traditional empires. Persian Empire (559 BC–330 BC) - see List of kings of Persia Empire of Alexander the Gre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Battle Of Gangut: Encyclopedia Ii - Battle Of Gangut - Arrival At Hanko
When the Russian ships arrived near the peninsula they were met by a strong Swedish naval fleet under the command of Admiral Wattrang. Ap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Andrei Ryabushkin: Encyclopedia Ii - Andrei Ryabushkin - Works
Sunday. 1889 Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich at the session of the Boyar Duma. 1893 A XVII-century Moscow Street on a Holiday. 1895 Going on a V...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor - Distinction Between Emperor And Other Types Of Monarch
Both kings and emperors are monarchs. There is no single rule to distinguish the one from the other: several factors, like interpretation...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pavel Bure: Encyclopedia Ii - Pavel Bure - Biography
Pavel was named after his great-grandfather, a watchmaker to Tsar Alexander III. Bure's family made precious watches for the tsars from 1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Knyaz: Encyclopedia Ii - Knyaz - Russian Title In Modern Times
As Muscovy gained dominion over much of former Kievan Rus', Velikii Kniaz Ivan IV of Russia in 1547 was crowned as Tsar. Since the mid-18...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bell Instrument: Encyclopedia Ii - Bell Instrument - Famous Bells
Bell instrument - Big Ben. Big Ben is the the hour bell of the Great Clock in St. Stephen's Tower at the Palace of Westminster, the hom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peterhof: Encyclopedia Ii - Peterhof - Layout
The dominant natural feature of Peterhof is a sixteen-metre-high bluff lying less than a hundred metres from the shore. The so-called Low...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peterhof: Encyclopedia Ii - Peterhof - The Grand Cascade And Samson Fountain
The Grand Cascade is modeled on one constructed for Louis XIV at his Chateau of Marly, which is likewise memorialized in one of the park'...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peterhof: Encyclopedia Ii - Peterhof - The Lower Gardens
The expanse of the Lower Gardens is an informal (English) garden. Unlike the gardens at Pavlovsk and Tsarskoye Selo, these are altered si...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peterhof: Encyclopedia Ii - Peterhof - The Grand Palace
The largest of Peterhof's palaces looks truly imposing when seen from the Lower or Upper Gardens, but in fact it is quite narrow and not ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peterhof: Encyclopedia Ii - Peterhof - Other Features
The Grand Palace is not the only historic royal building in Peterhof. The palaces of Monplaisir and Marly, as well as the pavilion known ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peterhof: Encyclopedia Ii - Peterhof - History
Peter the Great first mentions the site in his journal in 1705, during the Great Northern War, as a good place to construct a landing for...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peterhof: Encyclopedia Ii - Peterhof - Tourist Information
Peterhof is now again accessible by sea; hydrofoil boats depart from the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, pass down the river Neva and th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peter I Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - Peter I Of Russia - Early Life
Peter, the son of Alexei Mikhailovich of Russia and his second wife, Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina, was born in Moscow. Alexei I had pre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peter I Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - Peter I Of Russia - Early Reign
Peter implemented sweeping reforms aimed at modernizing Russia. Heavily influenced by his western advisors, Peter reorganized the Russian...   » Read the article