When someone sincerely agrees with an assertion, they are claiming that it is the truth. Epistemology, the study of knowledge, seeks solutions for the many philosophical problems associated with truth. The first problem for philosophers is deciding what sorts of things are true or false, the so-called truth-bearers. At stake is the terminology we use to discuss truth. Then there are a range of theories about what makes these truth-bearers true. Some, the robust theories, treat truth as a property; others, the d ...

Including:

• Truth - Bearers of truth
• Truth - Theories about truth
• Truth - Robust theories
• Truth - Deflationary theories
• Truth - Formal definitions
• Truth - Types of truth
• Truth - Subjective versus objective
• Truth - Relative versus absolute
• Truth - Other uses of Truth
• Truth - Double truth
• Truth - True testimony
• Truth - Truth in logic
• Truth - Major philosophers who have proposed theories of truth

Read more here: » Truth: Encyclopedia - Truth

See also:

Truth, Truth - Bearers of truth, Truth - Theories about truth, Truth - Robust theories, Truth - Deflationary theories, Truth - Formal definitions, Truth - Types of truth, Truth - Subjective versus objective, Truth - Relative versus absolute, Truth - Other uses of Truth, Truth - Double truth, Truth - True testimony, Truth - Truth in logic, Truth - Major philosophers who have proposed theories of truth

Read more here: » Truth: Encyclopedia II - Truth - Types of truth

Philosophers call any entity that can be true or false a "truth bearer." Propositions, sentences, statements, ideas, beliefs, and judgements are said to be truth bearers. Thus, a truth bearer, in the philosophical sense, is not a person or god. Some philosophers exclude one or more of these categories, or argue that some of them are true (or false) only in a derivative sense. These claims are made on the basis of theories ...

See also:

Truth, Truth - Bearers of truth, Truth - Theories about truth, Truth - Robust theories, Truth - Deflationary theories, Truth - Formal definitions, Truth - Types of truth, Truth - Subjective versus objective, Truth - Relative versus absolute, Truth - Other uses of Truth, Truth - Double truth, Truth - True testimony, Truth - Truth in logic, Truth - Major philosophers who have proposed theories of truth

Read more here: » Truth: Encyclopedia II - Truth - Bearers of truth

Vedic Astrology and Mental, Emotional and Spiritual Health

In order to maintain a healthy mind we must realize the true realities of life. Therefore we must consider our spiritual nature to understand the subtleties of mind, intelligence and ego. Accordingly mental, emotional and spiritual health go together and, unless you have some knowledge in this regard, you cannot stop the onslaught of negative emotions brought on by ignorance and fear. We not only need to engage ourselves in some sort of fulfilling work to occupy our minds but need to understand why we fall victim to feelings of hate, envy, greed and avarice. These emotions only serve to destroy us intellectually, psychologically, emotionally and spiritually. Why is there so much hate in the world, anyway?

Excerpt from "An Introduction to Vedic Astrology" by Howard Beckman

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"What is absolutely true is always correct, everywhere, all the time, under any condition. An entity's ability to discern these things is irrelevant to that state of truth." - Steven Robiner Absolute truth can be interpreted in different ways based on its usage, just like truth. Some believe that the correct communication cannot be found for describing ideas of absolute truth by entities that possess the metaphysically true state of the ability to lie and have lied before, thus making the following description vulnerable to pot ...

Including:

• Absolute truth - As a state truth
• Absolute truth - As an action verity
• Absolute truth - Examples

Read more here: » Absolute truth: Encyclopedia - Absolute truth

Shikantaza (只管打座) is literally translated as "only focused on doing sitting". More often it is called: "just sitting" or "silent illumination". It is the main meditation technique of the Soto school of Zen Buddhism. The "just" in "just sitting" has two connotations: Firstly, one should do nothing but the sitting. Secondly, one should sit in the right "mindful" way. The Shobogenzo, an ancient document by the zen master Dogen Zenji (1200-1253), is the most important description of shikantaza. Shikantaza - Meditatio ...

Including:

• Shikantaza - Meditation method
• Shikantaza - Empirical explanation of central Buddhist concepts
• Shikantaza - Theoretical context

Read more here: » Shikantaza: Encyclopedia - Shikantaza

Isha Upanishad (IAST īśopaniṣad), also known as the Ishavasya (īśāvāsya) Upanishad, is one of the smaller Upanishads but is probably the most often quoted Upanishad. Ishopanishad - About the Upanishad. Ishopani ...

Including:

• Ishopanishad - About the Upanishad
• Ishopanishad - A Difficult Upanishad
• Ishopanishad - Operational plan for how to live
• Ishopanishad - Two most beautiful verses descriptive of Atman
• Ishopanishad - Stepwise Formula for identification with the Ultimate
• Ishopanishad - A most powerful profile of the Self in all of Upanishads
• Ishopanishad - Verses #s. 9 10 and 11
• Ishopanishad - Seven interpretations as a sample
• Ishopanishad - Practical implications
• Ishopanishad - More Technicalities
• Ishopanishad - Winding up with a universal prayer
• Ishopanishad - Allegory of the Golden Container
• Ishopanishad - The final utterance
• Ishopanishad - Sources

Read more here: » Ishopanishad: Encyclopedia - Ishopanishad

An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. A common misconception is that groundwater exists in underground rivers (e.g. caves where water flows freely underground), while the truth is that the pore spaces of rocks in the subsurface are simply saturated with water — like a kitchen sponge, which can be pumped out and used for agricultural, industrial or municipal uses. The stud ...

Including:

• Aquifer - Aquifer classification
• Aquifer - Saturated versus unsaturated
• Aquifer - Aquifers versus aquitards
• Aquifer - Confined versus unconfined
• Aquifer - Human dependence on groundwater
• Aquifer - Subsidence
• Aquifer - Examples

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Ethics (from Greek ethikos) is the branch of axiology – one of the four major branches of philosophy, alongside metaphysics, epistemology, and logic – which attempts to understand the nature of morality; to define that which is right from that which is wrong. The Western tradition of ethics is sometimes called moral philosophy. Ethics - The first social science. Assumptions about ethical underpinnings of human behaviour are reflected in every social science, including: anthropology because ...

Including:

• Ethics - The first social science
• Ethics - Meta-ethics
• Ethics - Normative ethics
• Ethics - Applied ethics
• Ethics - Ethics in religion
• Ethics - Ethics in health care
• Ethics - Ethics in politics
• Ethics - Ethics by cases
• Ethics - Descriptive ethics
• Ethics - The analytic view

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Science (from Latin scientia - knowledge) refers to a system of acquiring knowledge - based on empiricism, experimentation, and methodological naturalism - aimed at finding out the truth. The basic unit of knowledge is the theory, which is a hypothesis that is predictive. The term science also refers to the organized body of knowledge humans have gained by such research. Most scientists feel that scientific investigation must adhere to the scientific method, a process for evaluating empirical knowledge under the w ...

Including:

• Science - What is science?
• Science - Scientific method
• Science - Philosophy of science
• Science - Mathematics and the scientific method
• Science - Goals of science
• Science - Locations of science
• Science - Science and social concerns
• Science - Scientific literature
• Science - Fields of science
• Science - Natural sciences
• Science - Social sciences
• Science - Holistic interdisciplinary and applied sciences
• Science - Environmental sciences
• Science - Etymology
• Science - External articles and references
• Science - Textbooks
• Science - News and articles
• Science - Resources
• Science - Further reading

Read more here: » Science: Encyclopedia - Science

Epistemology, from the Greek words episteme (knowledge) and logos (word/speech) is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, origin and scope of knowledge. Historically, it has been one of the most investigated and most debated of all philosophical subjects. Much of this debate has focused on analysing the nature and variety of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as truth and belief. Much of this discuss ...

Including:

• Epistemology - Definition of knowledge
• Epistemology - Justified true belief
• Epistemology - The problem of defining knowledge
• Epistemology - A priori versus a posteriori knowledge
• Epistemology - Knowledge and belief
• Epistemology - Distinguishing knowing that from knowing how
• Epistemology - Justification
• Epistemology - Irrationalism
• Epistemology - Rationality
• Epistemology - Synthetic and analytic statements
• Epistemology - Epistemological theories
• Epistemology - Empiricism
• Epistemology - Idealism
• Epistemology - Phenomenalism
• Epistemology - Pragmatism
• Epistemology - Rationalism
• Epistemology - Representationalism
• Epistemology - Relativism
• Epistemology - Skepticism
• Epistemology - Contemporary approaches
• Epistemology - Gettier

Read more here: » Epistemology: Encyclopedia - Epistemology

Theodicy is a branch of theology that studies how the existence of a good or benevolent God is reconciled with the existence of evil. An attempt to reconcile the co-existence of evil and God is sometimes called "a theodicy". See the article on the problem of evil for examples. Theodicy - Origin of the term. The term theodicy comes from the Greek θεός (theós, "god") and δί ...

Including:

• Theodicy - Origin of the term
• Theodicy - The problem of evil
• Theodicy - The nature of God
• Theodicy - Examples of theodicy
• Theodicy - Analysis of these solutions
• Theodicy - The free will theodicy
• Theodicy - The Calvinistic theodicy
• Theodicy - Relativity of goodness — evil is not absolute
• Theodicy - Human nature
• Theodicy - God is not omnipotent or omniscient
• Theodicy - Contemporary philosophy of religion
• Theodicy - General problems with all theodicies
• Theodicy - Hindu answers to the problem of evil
• Theodicy - Against theodicy
• Theodicy - Evidential arguments from evil

Read more here: » Theodicy: Encyclopedia - Theodicy

Religion (see etymology below) —sometimes used interchangeably with faith or belief system—is commonly defined as belief concerning the supernatural, sacred, or divine; and the moral codes, practices, values, institutions and rituals associated with such belief. In its broadest sense some have defined it as the sum total of answers given to explain humankind's relationship with the universe. In the course of the development of religion, it has taken ...

Including:

• Religion - Etymology
• Religion - Religion and science
• Religion - Philosophy and metaphysics
• Religion - Esotericism and mysticism
• Religion - Spirituality
• Religion - Myth
• Religion - Approaches to the study of individual religions
• Religion - Methods of studying religion subjectively in relation to one's own beliefs
• Religion - Methods of studying religion objectively in a scientific and religiously neutral fashion
• Religion - Development of religion
• Religion - Religion today
• Religion - Approaches to relating to the beliefs of others
• Religion - Exclusivism
• Religion - Inclusivism
• Religion - Pluralism
• Religion - Syncretism
• Religion - Universalism
• Religion - Systemization
• Religion - Religion and other approaches to forming beliefs about the nature of the universe
• Religion - Related philosophical stances
• Religion - Compare with

Read more here: » Religion: Encyclopedia - Religion

The Weekly World News (WWN) is a tabloid newspaper published by American Media. It combines wire reports of strange news with in-house writings and columns. Weekly World News - Description. The WWN claims it always prints the truth (typical slogan: "Nothing but the truth: The Weekly World News!"). So many of the stories are so obviously fake it seems these claims are intended as a joke. It is worth noting that while the tabloid's main rival The Sun carried a fine pr ...

Including:

• Weekly World News - Description
• Weekly World News - Recurring Subjects
• Weekly World News - Bat Boy
• Weekly World News - Page 5 Girl
• Weekly World News - Elvis Presley
• Weekly World News - The World's Fattest...
• Weekly World News - ALIVE!
• Weekly World News - Upcoming Economic Depressions
• Weekly World News - Religion and Biblical Relics
• Weekly World News - War on Terrorism
• Weekly World News - The Presidency
• Weekly World News - Aliens
• Weekly World News - Cryptids
• Weekly World News - Popular culture

Read more here: » Weekly World News: Encyclopedia - Weekly World News

Modern Orthodox Judaism (or Modern Orthodox, also known as Modern Orthodoxy and sometimes abbreviated as "MO") is a movement within Orthodox Judaism that attempts to synthesize traditional observance and values with the secular modern world. It is broadly defined as the effort to adapt Orthodox Judaism to modernity and to avoid the social and/or cultural isolation which livi ...

Including:

• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Philosophy
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Roots
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Torah Umadda
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Religious Zionism
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Comparison with other movements
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Haredi Judaism
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Neo-Orthodoxy
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Conservative Judaism
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Right and Left
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern forms of textual criticism
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Criticism
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Standards of observance
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Introduction of reforms
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Difficulties inherent
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Important figures
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern Orthodox advocacy groups
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern Orthodox Congregations
• Modern Orthodox Judaism - Resources

Read more here: » Modern Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia - Modern Orthodox Judaism

Humans or human beings define themselves in biological, social, and spiritual terms. Biologically, humans are classified as the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for "wise man" or "thinking man"): a bipedal primate of the superfamily Hominoidea, together with the other apes: chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons. Humans have an erect body carriage that frees their upper limbs for manipulating objects and a highly developed brain capable of abstract reasoning, speech, language, and ...

Including:

• Human - Terminology
• Human - Biology
• Human - Anatomy and physiology
• Human - Life cycle
• Human - Genetics
• Human - Race and ethnicity
• Human - Habitat
• Human - Population
• Human - Human evolution
• Human - Intelligence
• Human - Culture
• Human - Origins
• Human - Language
• Human - Music
• Human - Emotion and sexuality
• Human - Body image
• Human - Trade and economics
• Human - Artifacts technology and science
• Human - Mind
• Human - Psychology and human ethology
• Human - Philosophy
• Human - Motivation
• Human - Self-reflection and humanism
• Human - Spirit

Read more here: » Human: Encyclopedia - Human

Evil is a term describing that which is regarded as morally bad, intrinsically corrupt, wantonly destructive, inhumane, or wicked. In most cultures, the word is used to describe acts, thoughts, and ideas which are thought to (either directly or causally) bring about withering and death —the opposite of life. However, the definition of what counts as evil differs widely from culture to culture and from individual to individual. Some philosophers reject the idea of evil. Plato, for example, argued that what we call evil is merely ignorance, and th ...

Including:

• Evil - Etymology
• Evil - Evil as a religious concept
• Evil - Zoroastrianism
• Evil - Judaeo-Christian religions
• Evil - Is evil universal?
• Evil - Is evil a useful term?
• Evil - Is evil good?
• Evil - Scientific perspectives
• Evil - Sociological views on evil
• Evil - Evil in business
• Evil - Hacker jargon
• Evil - books

Read more here: » Evil: Encyclopedia - Evil

A volcano is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where a substance, usually magma (rock of the Earth's interior made molten or liquid by extremely high temperatures along with a reduction in pressure and/or the introduction of water or other volatiles) erupts through the surface of a planet. Although there are numerous volcanoes (some very active) on the solar system's rocky planets and moons, on Earth at least, this phenomenon tends to occur near the boundaries of the continental plates. However, im ...

Including:

• Volcano - Volcano classification
• Volcano - Erupted material
• Volcano - Explosivity
• Volcano - Shape
• Volcano - Active Dormant or Extinct?
• Volcano - Notable Volcanoes
• Volcano - Volcanoes on Earth
• Volcano - Volcanoes elsewhere in the solar system
• Volcano - Volcanology
• Volcano - Volcano formation
• Volcano - Predicting eruptions
• Volcano - Effects of volcanoes
• Volcano - Past beliefs

Read more here: » Volcano: Encyclopedia - Volcano

The article Judaism and Christianity compares and contrasts two closely related Abrahamic religions that are in some ways parallel to each other and in other ways fundamentally divergent in theology and practice. Whereas the article on the Judeo-Christian tradition emphasizes continuities and convergences between the two religions, this article emphasizes that Judaism and Christianity each have widely diverging views of their respective relationship to the other, and of elements they have in common, such as the Bible and God. Including:

• Judaism and Christianity - Neither religion is monolithic
• Judaism and Christianity - Raison d'être of the religion
• Judaism and Christianity - The nature of religion: national versus universal
• Judaism and Christianity - Concepts of God
• Judaism and Christianity - Understanding of the Bible
• Judaism and Christianity - Sin and Original Sin
• Judaism and Christianity - Faith versus good deeds
• Judaism and Christianity - Love
• Judaism and Christianity - Abortion
• Judaism and Christianity - War violence and pacifism
• Judaism and Christianity - Judgement
• Judaism and Christianity - Capital punishment
• Judaism and Christianity - Heaven and Hell
• Judaism and Christianity - The Messiah
• Judaism and Christianity - Catholic views
• Judaism and Christianity - Eastern Orthodox views
• Judaism and Christianity - Jewish views
• Judaism and Christianity - Evangelism
• Judaism and Christianity - Miscellaneous
• Judaism and Christianity - Mutual views
• Judaism and Christianity - Common Jewish views of Christianity
• Judaism and Christianity - Common Christian views of Judaism

Read more here: » Judaism and Christianity: Encyclopedia - Judaism and Christianity

The U.S. presidential election of 2004 was won by the incumbent President, Republican George W. Bush, who defeated his main rival, Democratic Senator John F. Kerry of Massachusetts. One of the main issues was the conduct of the War on Terror. Bush defended the actions of his administration, while Kerry contended that the war had been fought incompetently, and that the Iraq War was a distraction from the War on Terror, not a part of it. The popular vote election took place on Election Day, November 2, but it was not until the ne ...

Including:

• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Background
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Nominations
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Democratic nomination
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Other nominations
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - General election: campaign
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Campaign issues
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Debates
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Election results
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Members of the 2004 United States Electoral College
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Ballot access
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Faithless elector in Minnesota
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Electoral vote error in New York
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Presidential Results by Congressional District
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Analysis and trivia
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Timeline
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Newspaper endorsements
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Electoral College changes from 2000
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Vote splitting concerns
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Battleground states
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - New during this campaign
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - International observers
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Electronic voting
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Campaign law changes
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Colorado's Amendment 36
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Legal challenges
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Election controversy
• U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Sources

Read more here: » U.S. presidential election, 2004: Encyclopedia - U.S. presidential election, 2004