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triumph | A Wisdom Archive on triumph | | triumph A selection of articles related to triumph | |
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triumph, Triumph
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO triumph | | | |  triumph: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - The civil warIn 50 BC, the Senate, led by Pompey, ordered Caesar to return to Rome and disband his army because his term as Proconsul had finished. Moreover, the Senate forbade Caesar to stand for a second consulship in absentia. Caesar thought he would be prosecuted and politically marginalized if he entered Rome without the immunity enjoyed by a Consul or without the power of his army. Pompey accused Caesar of insubordination and treason. On January 10, 49 BC Caesar crossed the Rubicon (the frontier boundary of Italy) with only one legion and ig ...
See also:Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar as Jesus?, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - The civil war |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Fasti - Literary and other uses
Fasti - Ovid's Fasti.
Ovid's Fasti is a long, unfinished Latin poem by the Roman poet Ovid. It is believed that Ovid wrote the poem during his exile in Tomis towards the end of his life.
The poem is an extensive treatment on the Roman calendar, loosely imitated from the Works and Days by Hesiod. Each of its separate books discusses one month of the Roman calendar, beginning with January. It contains some brief astronomical notes, but its more significant portions discuss the rel ...
See also:Fasti, Fasti - Dies Fasti and the Roman calendar, Fasti - The Roman almanac, Fasti - The Roman official chronicles, Fasti - Literary and other uses, Fasti - Ovid's Fasti, Fasti - Modern fasti, Fasti - External link Read more here: » Fasti: Encyclopedia II - Fasti - Literary and other uses |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Early life Caesar was born in Rome into a well-known patrician family (gens Julia), which supposedly traced its ancestry to Julus, the son of the Trojan prince Aeneas (who according to myth was the son of Venus). According to legend, Caesar was born by Caesarian section and is its namesake, though this is unlikely because it was only performed on dead women, and his mother lived long after he was born. This legend is more likely a modern invention, as the origin of the Caesarian section is in the Latin word for to cut, caedo, -ere, caesus sum. Caesar was raised in a modest apartment building (insula) in the ...
See also:Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar as Jesus?, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Early life |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Imperator - Post-Roman use After the Roman empire collapsed in the West in the fifth century, Latin continued to be used as the language of learning and diplomacy for some centuries. The Eastern Roman, or Byzantine emperors, were referred to as imperatores in Latin texts. After 800, the title was used (in conjunction with augustus) in succession by the Carolingian and German Holy Roman emperors until the Holy Roman Empire was dissolved in 1806. Over time, imperator became ...
See also:Imperator, Imperator - Imperatores in the Roman Republic, Imperator - Imperator as an imperial title, Imperator - Post-Roman use, Imperator - Imperatrix, Imperator - Derivatives Read more here: » Imperator: Encyclopedia II - Imperator - Post-Roman use |
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| | | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - After the war Caesar returned to Italy in September, 45 BC. Among his first tasks he filed his will, naming Octavian as his sole heir. The Senate had already begun bestowing honors on Caesar in absentia. Even though Caesar had not proscribed his enemies, instead pardoning nearly every one of them, there seemed to be little open resistance to him.
Great games and celebrations were held on April 21 to honor Caesar’s great victory. Along with the games, Caesar was honored with the right to wear triumphal clothing, including a purple robe (reminiscen ...
See also:Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar as Jesus?, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - After the war |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Assassination The fear of Caesar becoming king continued when someone placed a diadem on the statue of Caesar on the Rostra. The tribunes, Gaius Epidius Marcellus and Lucius Caesetius Flavius, removed the diadem. Not long after the incident with the diadem, the same two tribunes had citizens arrested after they called out the title ‘Rex’ to Caesar as he passed by on the streets of Rome. Now seeing his supporters threatened, Caesar acted harshly. He ordered those arrested to be released, and instead took the tribunes before the Senate and had them stri ...
See also:Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar as Jesus?, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Assassination |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Caesar's family Wives
First marriage to Cornelia Cinnilla
Second marriage to Pompeia Sulla
Third marriage to Calpurnia Pisonis
Children
Julia Caesaris with Cornelia Cinnilla
Ptolemy XV Caesar (Caesarion) with Cleopatra VII, he would become an Egyptian pharaoh
his adopted son Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, who became the first Roman Emperor.
Grandchildren
a grandson from Julia Caesaris ...
See also:Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar as Jesus?, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Caesar's family |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Chronology
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See also:Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar as Jesus?, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Chronology |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Military career Historians place the generalship of Caesar on the level of such geniuses as Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan and Napoleon Bonaparte. Although he suffered occasional tactical defeats such as Gergovia during the Gallic War and Dyrrhachium during the Civil War, Caesar's tactical brilliance was highlighted by such feats as his circumvallation of Alesia during the Gallic War, the rout of Pompey's numerically superior forces at Pharsalus during the Civil War, and the ...
See also:Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar as Jesus?, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Military career |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works Caesar was considered during his lifetime to be one of the finest orators and authors of prose in Rome—even Cicero spoke highly of Caesar's rhetoric and style. Among his most famous works were his funeral oration for his paternal aunt Julia (Marius's widow) and his Anticato, a document written to blacken Cato's reputation and respond to Cicero's Cato memorial. Unfortunately, the majority of his works and speeches have been lost. The most famous of his surviving works are:
The Commentarii de Bello Gallico ( ...
See also:Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar as Jesus?, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Aftermath Caesar's death also marked, ironically, the end of the Roman Republic, for which the assassins had struck him down. The Roman middle and lower classes, with whom Caesar was immensely popular, and had been since Gaul and before, were enraged that a small group of high-browed aristocrats had killed their champion. Antony did not give the speech Shakespeare penned for him ("Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears!") but he did give a dramatic eulogy which appealed to the common people, a perfect example of what public thinking was follow ...
See also:Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar as Jesus?, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Aftermath |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Caesar as Jesus? The scholar Francesco Carotta makes a very strong case of the possibility that Caesar's life and achievements were in fact the basis on which the life of Jesus was modelled. Carotta uses a long list of similarities between the lives of Caesar and Jesus to prove his case. He believes that the settled war veterans, who were given lands outside of Italy, brought a modified tale back to Rome, the natural seat of their god.
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See also:Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar as Jesus?, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Caesar as Jesus? |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Human sacrifice - Mesoamerican sacrifice Some of the most famous forms of ancient human sacrifice were performed by various Pre-Columbian civilizations of Mesoamerica.
Aztec:
The Aztecs were particularly noted for practicing human sacrifice on a large scale; an offering to Huitzilopochtli would be made to restore the blood he lost, as the sun was engaged in a daily battle. This would prevent the end of the world that could happen on each cycle of 52 years. The dedication of the great temple at Tenochtitlán was reported by the Aztecs as marked with the ...
See also:Human sacrifice, Human sacrifice - Sacrifice in the classical world, Human sacrifice - Sacrifice in the Hebrew Bible, Human sacrifice - Celtic sacrifice, Human sacrifice - Viking Age sacrifice, Human sacrifice - Chinese sacrifice, Human sacrifice - Mesoamerican sacrifice, Human sacrifice - Modern human sacrifice, Human sacrifice - Books:, Human sacrifice - Links: Read more here: » Human sacrifice: Encyclopedia II - Human sacrifice - Mesoamerican sacrifice |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Human sacrifice - Viking Age sacrifice According to Norse mythology, Odin hanged himself from the world-tree Yggdrasil for nine nights to attain divine wisdom. Medieval Christian sources refer to Norsemen sacrificing prisoners by hanging them from trees, but the true extent of this behavior is unclear.
Norse warriors were sometimes buried with slave girls with the belief that the women would become their wives in Valhalla. A detailed eyewitness account of such a burial was given by Ahmad ibn Fadlan as part of his account of an embassy to the Volga Bulgars in 921. In his de ...
See also:Human sacrifice, Human sacrifice - Sacrifice in the classical world, Human sacrifice - Sacrifice in the Hebrew Bible, Human sacrifice - Celtic sacrifice, Human sacrifice - Viking Age sacrifice, Human sacrifice - Chinese sacrifice, Human sacrifice - Mesoamerican sacrifice, Human sacrifice - Modern human sacrifice, Human sacrifice - Books:, Human sacrifice - Links: Read more here: » Human sacrifice: Encyclopedia II - Human sacrifice - Viking Age sacrifice |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Pompey - The Campaign against the Pirates — Pompey in the East By 69 BC, Pompey was the darling of the Roman masses although many Optimates were deeply suspicious of his intentions. His primacy in the state was enhanced by two extraordinary proconsular commands, unprecedented in Roman history. In 67 BC, two years after his consulship, Pompey was nominated commander of a special naval task force to campaign against the pirates that controlled the Mediterranean. ...
See also:Pompey, Pompey - Early life and political debut, Pompey - Sicily and Africa, Pompey - Hispania and Spartacus, Pompey - The Campaign against the Pirates — Pompey in the East, Pompey - Pompey’s Return to Rome, Pompey - Caesar and the First Triumvirate, Pompey - Confrontation to War, Pompey - Civil War, Pompey - Historic View, Pompey - Marriages and Offspring, Pompey - Chronology of Pompey's Life and Career, Pompey - Pompey in Literature and the Arts, Pompey - Notes Read more here: » Pompey: Encyclopedia II - Pompey - The Campaign against the Pirates — Pompey in the East |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Pompey - Pompey’s Return to Rome In December 62 BC, Pompey finally returned to Rome with a dilemma to address. On one hand he wanted his third triumph, on the other he wanted to run for a second consulship. Roman laws state that a general cannot cross the pomerium without losing the right of the triumph, but an electoral candidate must be in the city in order to apply personally for the election. Pompey tried to use diplomacy and asked the senate to postpone the consular election for the day after the triumph. The Optimates, led by Cato the Younger, strongly opposed this an ...
See also:Pompey, Pompey - Early life and political debut, Pompey - Sicily and Africa, Pompey - Hispania and Spartacus, Pompey - The Campaign against the Pirates — Pompey in the East, Pompey - Pompey’s Return to Rome, Pompey - Caesar and the First Triumvirate, Pompey - Confrontation to War, Pompey - Civil War, Pompey - Historic View, Pompey - Marriages and Offspring, Pompey - Chronology of Pompey's Life and Career, Pompey - Pompey in Literature and the Arts, Pompey - Notes Read more here: » Pompey: Encyclopedia II - Pompey - Pompey’s Return to Rome |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Pompey - Hispania and Spartacus Pompey's reputation for military genius, and occasional bad judgment, continued when he demanded proconsular imperium (although he had not yet served as Consul) to go to Hispania to fight against Sertorius, a Marian general who maintained a lone presence there. He refused to disband his legions until his request was granted, and he joined Metellus Pius against Sertorius. The campaign against the brilliant guerrilla general would last from 76 BC to 71 BC. It is significant that the war was finally won only when rivals murdered Sertorius, not because either Pompey or Metellus Pius had been ab ...
See also:Pompey, Pompey - Early life and political debut, Pompey - Sicily and Africa, Pompey - Hispania and Spartacus, Pompey - The Campaign against the Pirates — Pompey in the East, Pompey - Pompey’s Return to Rome, Pompey - Caesar and the First Triumvirate, Pompey - Confrontation to War, Pompey - Civil War, Pompey - Historic View, Pompey - Marriages and Offspring, Pompey - Chronology of Pompey's Life and Career, Pompey - Pompey in Literature and the Arts, Pompey - Notes Read more here: » Pompey: Encyclopedia II - Pompey - Hispania and Spartacus |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Pompey - Sicily and Africa Although his young age kept him a privatus (a man holding no political office of – or associated with – the cursus honorum), Pompey was a very rich man and a talented general in control of three veteran legions. Moreover, he was ambitious for glory and power. Happy to acknowledge his son-in-law's wishes, and to clear his own situation as dictator, Sulla sent Pompey to Sicily to recover the island and i ...
See also:Pompey, Pompey - Early life and political debut, Pompey - Sicily and Africa, Pompey - Hispania and Spartacus, Pompey - The Campaign against the Pirates — Pompey in the East, Pompey - Pompey’s Return to Rome, Pompey - Caesar and the First Triumvirate, Pompey - Confrontation to War, Pompey - Civil War, Pompey - Historic View, Pompey - Marriages and Offspring, Pompey - Chronology of Pompey's Life and Career, Pompey - Pompey in Literature and the Arts, Pompey - Notes Read more here: » Pompey: Encyclopedia II - Pompey - Sicily and Africa |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Marius - Pontus and the First Civil War , 88-84 BC.
After the conclusion of the Social War, Mithradates of Pontus began his bid to conquer the eastern provinces and invaded Greece. In 88 BC, Sulla was elected consul. The choice before the Senate was to put either Marius or Sulla in command. Sulla was appointed by the Senate, however later Marius won appointment by the Assembly with the help of Publius Sulpicius Rufus. Sulla then snuck out of the city to his army waiting in Nola and led them against Rome. This was a monumentous event, and was likely unforseen by Mariu ...
See also:Marius, Marius - Importance of Gaius Marius, Marius - Early career, Marius - Legate to Metellus, Marius - Run for the Consulship, Marius - Recruitment, Marius - War in Numidia, Marius - Cimbri and Teutoni, Marius - Marius as Consul, Marius - Showdown with the Germans, Marius - Sixth Consulship, Marius - The Social War, Marius - Pontus and the First Civil War, Marius - Seventh Consulship and death, Marius - Epilogue, Marius - Chronology, Marius - Notes Read more here: » Marius: Encyclopedia II - Marius - Pontus and the First Civil War |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Marius - Cimbri and Teutoni The arrival of the Cimbri in Gaul in 109 BC and their complete defeat of M. Junius Silanus had resulted in unrest among the Celtic tribes recently conquered by the Romans in southern Gaul. In 107 the Consul Lucius Cassius Longinus was completely defeated by a local tribe, and the senior surviving officer (C. Popillius Laenas, son of the consul of 132) had saved what was left only by surrendering half the baggage and suffering the humiliation of having his army "march under the yoke." The next year (106 BC) another Consul, Q. Servilius Caepio ...
See also:Marius, Marius - Importance of Gaius Marius, Marius - Early career, Marius - Legate to Metellus, Marius - Run for the Consulship, Marius - Recruitment, Marius - War in Numidia, Marius - Cimbri and Teutoni, Marius - Marius as Consul, Marius - Showdown with the Germans, Marius - Sixth Consulship, Marius - The Social War, Marius - Pontus and the First Civil War, Marius - Seventh Consulship and death, Marius - Epilogue, Marius - Chronology, Marius - Notes Read more here: » Marius: Encyclopedia II - Marius - Cimbri and Teutoni |
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| | | | | triumph: Encyclopedia II - Pompey - Caesar and the First Triumvirate Although Pompey and Crassus distrusted each other, by 61 BC their grievances pushed them both into an alliance with Caesar. Crassus' tax farming clients were being rebuffed at the same time Pompey's veterans were being ignored. Thus entered Caesar, six years younger than Pompey, returning from service in Hispania, and ready to seek the Consulship for 59 BC. Caesar somehow managed to forge a political alliance with both Pompey and Crassus (the so-called First Triumvirate). Pompey and Crassus would make him Consul, and he would use his power a ...
See also:Pompey, Pompey - Early life and political debut, Pompey - Sicily and Africa, Pompey - Hispania and Spartacus, Pompey - The Campaign against the Pirates — Pompey in the East, Pompey - Pompey’s Return to Rome, Pompey - Caesar and the First Triumvirate, Pompey - Confrontation to War, Pompey - Civil War, Pompey - Historic View, Pompey - Marriages and Offspring, Pompey - Chronology of Pompey's Life and Career, Pompey - Pompey in Literature and the Arts, Pompey - Notes Read more here: » Pompey: Encyclopedia II - Pompey - Caesar and the First Triumvirate |
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