triumph

A huge number of card games have been invented for the Anglo-American deck, and as such the general statement that "suits are usually equal" now has countless exceptions. Suit cards - Trumps. In a large and popular category of trick-taking games, traditionally called whist-style games although the best-known example may now be bridge, one suit is designated in each hand of play to be trump and all cards of the trump suit rank above all non-trump cards, and automatically prevail over them, losing onl ...

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Suit cards, Suit cards - Traditional Western playing cards, Suit cards - Suits in games with traditional decks, Suit cards - Trumps, Suit cards - Special suits, Suit cards - Ordering suits, Suit cards - Ignoring suits, Suit cards - Suits and colors, Suit cards - Adding extra suits to the Anglo-American deck, Suit cards - Commercial decks, Suit cards - Home-made decks, Suit cards - Other modern suited decks, Suit cards - Suit-and-value decks, Suit cards - Other suited decks, Suit cards - Fictional decks

Read more here: » Suit cards: Encyclopedia II - Suit cards - Suits in games with traditional decks

Asterix and the Chieftain's Shield - Summary. Emperor Julius Caesar has lost the shield of Vercingetorix and sends his troops to look for it. Meanwhile, Asterix, Obelix and Dogmatix accompany their chief, Vitalstatistix, on a trip to Arverni to be cured of his sore liver. The Gauls and Romans frequently encounter each other, following the same trail simultaneously. Finally, the Gauls show that they have the shield and Caesar has to concede defeat.

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Asterix and the Chieftain's Shield, Asterix and the Chieftain's Shield - Plot, Asterix and the Chieftain's Shield - Summary, Asterix and the Chieftain's Shield - Detailed plot, Asterix and the Chieftain's Shield - Notes

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Marius was born ca. 157 BC in the town of Arpinum in southern Latium. The town had been conquered by the Romans in the late fourth century BC and was given Roman citizenship without voting rights. Only in 188 BC did the town receive full citizenship. Although Plutarch claims that Marius's father was a laborer, this is almost certainly false. The facts that Marius had connections with the nobility in Rome, that he ran for local office in Arpinum and that he had marriage relations with the local nobility in Arpinum all combine to indicate that ...

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Marius, Marius - Importance of Gaius Marius, Marius - Early career, Marius - Legate to Metellus, Marius - Run for the Consulship, Marius - Recruitment, Marius - War in Numidia, Marius - Cimbri and Teutoni, Marius - Marius as Consul, Marius - Showdown with the Germans, Marius - Sixth Consulship, Marius - The Social War, Marius - Pontus and the First Civil War, Marius - Seventh Consulship and death, Marius - Epilogue, Marius - Chronology, Marius - Notes

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The decoration of the arch heavily uses parts of older monuments, which are given a new meaning in the context of the Constantinian building. As it celebrates the victory of Constantine, the new "historic" friezes illustrating his campaign in Italy convey the central meaning: the praise of the emperor, both in battle and in his civilian duties. The other imagery supports this purpose: decoration taken from the "golden times" of the Empire under Trajan, Hadrian and Marcus Aurelius places Constantine next to these "good emperors", and the cont ...

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Arch of Constantine, Arch of Constantine - General description, Arch of Constantine - Decoration, Arch of Constantine - Attic, Arch of Constantine - Main section, Arch of Constantine - Inner sides of the archways, Arch of Constantine - Inscriptions

Read more here: » Arch of Constantine: Encyclopedia II - Arch of Constantine - Decoration

Various people have independently suggested expanding the Anglo-American deck to five, six or even more suits, and have proposed rules for expanded versions of popular games such as rummy, hearts, bridge, and poker that could be played with such a deck (see external links). Suit cards - Commercial decks. Commercially available five-suit (65-card) decks include Stardeck, which introduces "stars" as a fifth suit, and Cinco Loco, which introduces "5"s. In both decks the fifth suit is colored a mixture of ...

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Suit cards, Suit cards - Traditional Western playing cards, Suit cards - Suits in games with traditional decks, Suit cards - Trumps, Suit cards - Special suits, Suit cards - Ordering suits, Suit cards - Ignoring suits, Suit cards - Suits and colors, Suit cards - Adding extra suits to the Anglo-American deck, Suit cards - Commercial decks, Suit cards - Home-made decks, Suit cards - Other modern suited decks, Suit cards - Suit-and-value decks, Suit cards - Other suited decks, Suit cards - Fictional decks

Read more here: » Suit cards: Encyclopedia II - Suit cards - Adding extra suits to the Anglo-American deck

The historian Suetonius describes the physical manifestations of Claudius' affliction in detail[1]. His knees were weak and gave way under him and his head shook. He stammered and his speech was confused. He slobbered and his nose ran when excited. The Stoic Seneca states in his Apocolocyntosis that Claudius' voice belonged to no land animal, and that his hands were weak as well[2]. However, he showed no physical deformity, as Suetonius notes that when c ...

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Claudius, Claudius - Claudius' affliction and personality, Claudius - Family and early life, Claudius - Accession as emperor, Claudius - Expansion of the empire, Claudius - Judicial and legislative affairs, Claudius - Public works, Claudius - Claudius and the Senate, Claudius - The Secretariat and centralization of powers, Claudius - Religious reforms and games, Claudius - Marriages and personal life, Claudius - Death deification and reputation, Claudius - Scholarly works and their impact, Claudius - Claudius in fiction, Claudius - Footnotes

Read more here: » Claudius: Encyclopedia II - Claudius - Claudius' affliction and personality

Wives First marriage to Cornelia Cinnilla Second marriage to Pompeia Sulla Third marriage to Calpurnia Pisonis Children Julia Caesaris with Cornelia Cinnilla Ptolemy XV Caesar (Caesarion) with Cleopatra VII, he would become an Egyptian pharaoh his adopted son Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (his nephew by blood), who became the first Roman Emperor. Grandchildren a grandson from Julia Caesaris ...

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Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes

Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Caesar's family

Various people have independently suggested expanding the Anglo-American deck to five, six or even more suits, and have proposed rules for expanded versions of popular games such as rummy, hearts, bridge, and poker that could be played with such a deck (see external links). Suit cards - Commercial decks. Commercially available five-suit (65-card) decks include Stardeck, which introduces "stars" as a fifth suit, and Cinco Loco, which introduces "5"s. (In both decks the fifth suit is colored a mixture of bla ...

See also:

Suit cards, Suit cards - Traditional Western playing cards, Suit cards - Suits in games with traditional decks, Suit cards - Trumps, Suit cards - Special suits, Suit cards - Ordering suits, Suit cards - Ignoring suits, Suit cards - Suits and colors, Suit cards - Adding extra suits to the Anglo-American deck, Suit cards - Commercial decks, Suit cards - Home-made decks, Suit cards - Other modern suited decks, Suit cards - Suit-and-value decks, Suit cards - Other suited decks, Suit cards - Fictional decks

Read more here: » Suit cards: Encyclopedia II - Suit cards - Adding extra suits to the Anglo-American deck

Caesar was ranked #67 on Michael H. Hart's list of the most influential figures in history. Was voted the title Divus, or "god," after his death During his life, he received many honors, including titles such as Pater Patriae (Father of the Fatherland), Pontifex Maximus (Highest Priest), and Dictator. In fact, the many titles he was voted by the Senate are sometimes considered to be a cause of his assassination, as it seemed inappropriate to many contemporaries for a ...

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Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes

Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Honours

In 33 BC, he was elected aedile, where he used his knowledge of architecture to his advantage. He signalized his tenure of office by effecting great improvements in the city of Rome, restoring and building aqueducts, enlarging and cleansing the Cloaca Maxima, constructing baths and porticos, and laying out gardens. He also gave a stimulus to the public exhibition of works of art. As emperor, Augustus would later boast that "he had found the city of brick but left it of marble, ...

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Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Early Life, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Rise in Power, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Life in Public Service, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Late Life, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Legacy

Read more here: » Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa: Encyclopedia II - Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Life in Public Service

On January 24, 41, Caligula was assassinated by a broad-based conspiracy (including Praetorian commander Cassius Chaerea and several Senators). There is no evidence that Claudius had a direct hand in the assassination, although he probably knew about the plot — particularly since he left the scene of the crime shortly before the event. However, after the deaths of Caligula's wife and daughter, it became apparent that Cassius intended to go beyond the terms of the conspiracy and wipe out the imperial family. In the chaos following the murde ...

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Claudius, Claudius - Claudius' affliction and personality, Claudius - Family and early life, Claudius - Accession as emperor, Claudius - Expansion of the empire, Claudius - Judicial and legislative affairs, Claudius - Public works, Claudius - Claudius and the Senate, Claudius - The Secretariat and centralization of powers, Claudius - Religious reforms and games, Claudius - Marriages and personal life, Claudius - Death deification and reputation, Claudius - Scholarly works and their impact, Claudius - Claudius in fiction, Claudius - Footnotes

Read more here: » Claudius: Encyclopedia II - Claudius - Accession as emperor

Claudius personally judged many of the legal cases tried during his reign. Ancient historians have many complaints about this, stating that his judgements were variable and sometimes did not follow the law[18]. He was also easily swayed. Nevertheless, Claudius paid detailed attention to the operation of the judicial system. He extended the summer court session, as well as the winter term, by shortening the traditional breaks. Claudius also made a law requiring plaintiffs to remain in the city while t ...

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Claudius, Claudius - Claudius' affliction and personality, Claudius - Family and early life, Claudius - Accession as emperor, Claudius - Expansion of the empire, Claudius - Judicial and legislative affairs, Claudius - Public works, Claudius - Claudius and the Senate, Claudius - The Secretariat and centralization of powers, Claudius - Religious reforms and games, Claudius - Marriages and personal life, Claudius - Death deification and reputation, Claudius - Scholarly works and their impact, Claudius - Claudius in fiction, Claudius - Footnotes

Read more here: » Claudius: Encyclopedia II - Claudius - Judicial and legislative affairs

Claudius' love life was unusual for an upper-class Roman of his day. As Edward Gibbon mentions, of the first fifteen emperors, "Claudius was the only one whose taste in love was entirely correct" - the implication being that he was the only one not to take men or boys as lovers. Gibbons based this on Suetonius' factual statement that "He had a great passion for women, but had no interest in men."[25] Suetonius and the other ancient authors actually used this against Claudius. They accused him of being dominated by these same women ...

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Claudius, Claudius - Claudius' affliction and personality, Claudius - Family and early life, Claudius - Accession as emperor, Claudius - Expansion of the empire, Claudius - Judicial and legislative affairs, Claudius - Public works, Claudius - Claudius and the Senate, Claudius - The Secretariat and centralization of powers, Claudius - Religious reforms and games, Claudius - Marriages and personal life, Claudius - Death deification and reputation, Claudius - Scholarly works and their impact, Claudius - Claudius in fiction, Claudius - Footnotes

Read more here: » Claudius: Encyclopedia II - Claudius - Marriages and personal life

The Russians long cherished the memory of Suvorov. A great captain, viewed from the standpoint of any age of military history, he functions specially as the great captain of the Russian nation, for the character of his leadership responded to the character of the Russian soldier. In an age when war had become an act of diplomacy he restored its true significance as an act of force. He had a great simplicity of manner, and while on a campaign lived as a private soldier, sleeping on straw and contenting himself with the humblest fare. But he had himself passed ...

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Alexander Suvorov, Alexander Suvorov - Early life and career, Alexander Suvorov - Scourge of the Poles and the Turks, Alexander Suvorov - Suvorov's Italian campaign, Alexander Suvorov - His progeny and titles, Alexander Suvorov - Assessment, Alexander Suvorov - Note

Read more here: » Alexander Suvorov: Encyclopedia II - Alexander Suvorov - Assessment

His friendship with Augustus seems to have been clouded by the jealousy of his brother-in-law Marcellus, which was probably fomented by the intrigues of Livia, the second wife of Augustus, who feared his influence over her husband. The result was that Agrippa left Rome, ostensibly to take over the governorship of Syria - a sort of honorable exile, but, he only sent his legate to the Syria, while he himself remained at Lesbos and governed by proxy. On the death of Marcellus, which took place within a year of his exile, he was recalled to Rome by August ...

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Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Early Life, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Rise in Power, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Life in Public Service, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Late Life, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Legacy

Read more here: » Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa: Encyclopedia II - Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Late Life

Under Claudius, the empire underwent its first major expansion since the reign of Augustus. The provinces of Thrace, Mauretania, Noricum, Pamphylia, Lycia, and Judea were annexed during his term. The most important conquest was that of Britannia. In 43, Claudius sent Aulus Plautius with four legions to Britain after an appeal from an ousted tribal ally. Britain was an attractive target for Rome because of its material wealth — particularly mines and slaves. It was also a safe haven for Gallic rebels and the like, and so could not be ...

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Claudius, Claudius - Claudius' affliction and personality, Claudius - Family and early life, Claudius - Accession as emperor, Claudius - Expansion of the empire, Claudius - Judicial and legislative affairs, Claudius - Public works, Claudius - Claudius and the Senate, Claudius - The Secretariat and centralization of powers, Claudius - Religious reforms and games, Claudius - Marriages and personal life, Claudius - Death deification and reputation, Claudius - Scholarly works and their impact, Claudius - Claudius in fiction, Claudius - Footnotes

Read more here: » Claudius: Encyclopedia II - Claudius - Expansion of the empire

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Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes

Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Chronology

Historians place the generalship of Caesar on the level of such geniuses as Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, and Napoleon Bonaparte. Although he suffered occasional tactical defeats such as Gergovia during the Gallic War and Dyrrhachium during the Civil War, Caesar's tactical brilliance was highlighted by such feats as his circumvallation of Alesia during the Gallic War, the rout of Pompey's numerically superior forces at Pharsalus during the Civil War, and the complete destruction of Pharnaces's army at Zela. Caesar's successful ca ...

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Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes

Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - Military career

While Constantine VIII was easily swayed by his advisors, his brother Basil II was apparently irked by their supremacy. Basil's energy showed that he was determined to take the administration into his own hands and personally control the army. His growing independence alarmed both Basileios and Phocas. In 987 they entered into secret negotiations with their former enemy, Sklerus, on understanding that the empire would be partitioned if ...

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Bardas Phocas, Bardas Phocas - First rebellion, Bardas Phocas - Phocas vs. Sklerus, Bardas Phocas - Second rebellion, Bardas Phocas - Progeny

Read more here: » Bardas Phocas: Encyclopedia II - Bardas Phocas - Second rebellion

In 60 BC (or 59 BC) the Centuriate Assembly elected Caesar senior Consul of the Roman Republic. His junior partner was his political enemy Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, an Optimate and personal friend of Marcus Porcius Cato. Bibulus' first act as Consul was to retire from all political activity in order to search the skies for omens. This apparently pious decision was designed to make Caesar's life difficult during his Consulship. Roman satirists ever after referred to the year as "the consulship of Julius and Caesar". ...

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Julius Caesar, Julius Caesar - Early life, Julius Caesar - Caesar's cursus honorum, Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War, Julius Caesar - The civil war, Julius Caesar - After the war, Julius Caesar - Assassination, Julius Caesar - Detailed account, Julius Caesar - Aftermath, Julius Caesar - Caesar's literary works, Julius Caesar - Military career, Julius Caesar - Caesar's name, Julius Caesar - Caesar's family, Julius Caesar - Chronology, Julius Caesar - Honours, Julius Caesar - Notes

Read more here: » Julius Caesar: Encyclopedia II - Julius Caesar - The First Triumvirate and the Gallic War

In 288 BC, a group of Italian mercenaries, the Mamertines, occupied the city of Messina on the north-eastern tip of Sicily, killing all the men and taking the women as their wives. From this base, they ravaged the countryside and became a problem for the independent city of Syracuse. When Hiero II of Syracuse in 265 BC came to power, he decided to take definitive action against the Mamertines and besieged Messina. The Mamertines applied for help ...

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Battle of Agrigentum, Battle of Agrigentum - Prelude, Battle of Agrigentum - Siege of Agrigentum, Battle of Agrigentum - Battle of Agrigentum, Battle of Agrigentum - Aftermath

Read more here: » Battle of Agrigentum: Encyclopedia II - Battle of Agrigentum - Prelude

After Octavian’s return to Rome, the three realized they needed the support of legions. Agrippa returned to Greece where he assumed command of the Macedonian legions (most notably the Legio IV Macedonica) and marched them to Rome. Once Octavian had his legions, he made a pact with Mark Antony and Lepidus as the Second Triumvirate to handle the murders of Caesar. Agrippa fought alongside Octavian and Antony as ...

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Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Early Life, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Rise in Power, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Life in Public Service, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Late Life, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Legacy

Read more here: » Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa: Encyclopedia II - Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - Rise in Power