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This article outlines the differences between American English, the form of the English language spoken in the United States, and Commonwealth English (often called British English). For the purposes of this article: American English is the form of English used by people in the United States and, as a lingua franca or second language, by people in many parts of the world. American English does not include Canadian English; although Canadian pronunciation and vocabulary is very similar to that o ...

Including:

• American and British English differences - Pronunciation
• American and British English differences - Grammar
• American and British English differences - Singular and plural for nouns
• American and British English differences - Use of tenses
• American and British English differences - Verb morphology
• American and British English differences - Presence or absence of syntactic elements
• American and British English differences - Different prepositions in certain contexts
• American and British English differences - Miscellaneous grammatical differences
• American and British English differences - Word derivation and compounds
• American and British English differences - Lexis
• American and British English differences - General trends
• American and British English differences - Words used only in British English
• American and British English differences - Words used only in American English
• American and British English differences - Words with differing meanings
• American and British English differences - Words which have become archaic in one dialect
• American and British English differences - Numbers
• American and British English differences - Levels of buildings
• American and British English differences - Figures of speech
• American and British English differences - Business
• American and British English differences - Education
• American and British English differences - Transport
• American and British English differences - Greetings
• American and British English differences - Writing
• American and British English differences - Spelling
• American and British English differences - Punctuation
• American and British English differences - Titles and headlines
• American and British English differences - Dates
• American and British English differences - Keyboards
• American and British English differences - Other varieties
• American and British English differences - Other linguistic topics

Read more here: » American and British English differences: Encyclopedia - American and British English differences

The Borg Collective is a group of telepathically-connected beings in the Star Trek fictional universe. They are known both within and beyond Star Trek fandom for their relentless pursuit of that which they wish to assimilate, their rapid adaptability to almost any defense, and their ability to continue functioning after what may seem a devastating or even fatal blow seemingly unaffected, and as such have become a powerful symbol in popular culture for any seemingly unstoppable force against which "resistance is futile". ...

Including:

• Borg - Overview
• Borg - History
• Borg - Early contacts with the Federation
• Borg - The Enterprise-D and Captain Jean-Luc Picard
• Borg - Encounters with the Enterprise-E and Voyager
• Borg - Assimilation
• Borg - Nanoprobes
• Borg - Borg species identification
• Borg - Origin of the Borg
• Borg - Borg from V'ger theory
• Borg - Nanobot theory
• Borg - Famous maxim
• Borg - Pronunciation variations
• Borg - All Borg episodes to date
• Borg - Star Trek: The Next Generation
• Borg - Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
• Borg - Star Trek: Voyager
• Borg - Star Trek: Enterprise
• Borg - The Borg in computer games
• Borg - The Borg as a cultural allusion

Read more here: » Borg: Encyclopedia - Borg

According to one popular macro-economic definition, capital formation refers to "the transfer of savings from households and governments to the business sector, resulting in increased output and economic expansion". This definition is wrong on two counts. Firstly, many larger corporations engage in corporate self-financing, i.e. financing from their own reserves, or through loans from (or share issues bought by) other corporations. In other words, this definition ignores that the largest source of investment capital cons ...

See also:

Capital formation, Capital formation - Wrong definition, Capital formation - Types of capital formation, Capital formation - Gross and net capital formation, Capital formation - Measurement issues, Capital formation - Perpetual Inventory Method, Capital formation - Example of capital estimates

Read more here: » Capital formation: Encyclopedia II - Capital formation - Wrong definition

Borg - Early contacts with the Federation. Having gradually developed over thousands of centuries (see Origin of the Borg) in the galaxy's distant Delta Quadrant, the Borg's first formal contact with Starfleet occurred in 2365 by interference from Q in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode, "Q Who?". Q transported the Enterprise-D to System FGC-J25, in the deep Beta Quadrant, just long enough to expose them to the Borg. The Enterprise-D was hopelessly outclassed by the Borg cube e ...

See also:

Borg, Borg - Overview, Borg - History, Borg - Early contacts with the Federation, Borg - The Enterprise-D and Captain Jean-Luc Picard, Borg - Encounters with the Enterprise-E and Voyager, Borg - Assimilation, Borg - Nanoprobes, Borg - Borg species identification, Borg - Origin of the Borg, Borg - Borg from V'ger theory, Borg - Nanobot theory, Borg - Famous maxim, Borg - Pronunciation variations, Borg - All Borg episodes to date, Borg - Star Trek: The Next Generation, Borg - Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Borg - Star Trek: Voyager, Borg - Star Trek: Enterprise, Borg - The Borg in computer games, Borg - The Borg as a cultural allusion

Read more here: » Borg: Encyclopedia II - Borg - History

Borg - Early contacts with the Federation. Having gradually developed over thousands of centuries (see Origin of the Borg) in the Galaxy's Delta Quadrant, the Borg's first formal contact with Starfleet occurred in 2365 by interference from Q in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode, "Q Who?". Q transported the Enterprise-D to System FGC-J25, in the deep Beta Quadrant, just long enough to expose them to the Borg (who had already established a presence in that part of space). The Enterp ...

See also:

Borg, Borg - Overview, Borg - History, Borg - Early contacts with the Federation, Borg - The Enterprise-D and Captain Jean-Luc Picard, Borg - Encounters with the Enterprise-E and Voyager, Borg - Assimilation, Borg - Nanoprobes, Borg - Borg species identification, Borg - Origin of the Borg, Borg - Borg from V'ger theory, Borg - Nanobot theory, Borg - Famous maxim, Borg - Pronunciation variations, Borg - All Borg episodes to date, Borg - Star Trek: The Next Generation, Borg - Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Borg - Star Trek: Voyager, Borg - Star Trek: Enterprise, Borg - The Borg in computer games, Borg - The Borg as a cultural allusion

Read more here: » Borg: Encyclopedia II - Borg - History

Most of the differences are in connection with concepts originating from the nineteenth century to the mid twentieth century, where new words were coined independently; almost the entire vocabularies of the car/automobile and railway/railroad industries (see Rail terminology) are different between Britain and America, for example. Other sources of difference are slang or vulgar terms, where frequent new coinage occurs, and idiomatic phrases, including phrasal verbs. The differences most likely to create confusion are those where the same word or phrase is used for two different concepts. Regional varia ...

See also:

American and British English differences, American and British English differences - Pronunciation, American and British English differences - Grammar, American and British English differences - Singular and plural for nouns, American and British English differences - Use of tenses, American and British English differences - Verb morphology, American and British English differences - Presence or absence of syntactic elements, American and British English differences - Different prepositions in certain contexts, American and British English differences - Miscellaneous grammatical differences, American and British English differences - Word derivation and compounds, American and British English differences - Lexis, American and British English differences - General trends, American and British English differences - Words used only in British English, American and British English differences - Words used only in American English, American and British English differences - Words with differing meanings, American and British English differences - Words which have become archaic in one dialect, American and British English differences - Numbers, American and British English differences - Levels of buildings, American and British English differences - Figures of speech, American and British English differences - Business, American and British English differences - Education, American and British English differences - Transport, American and British English differences - Greetings, American and British English differences - Writing, American and British English differences - Spelling, American and British English differences - Punctuation, American and British English differences - Titles and headlines, American and British English differences - Dates, American and British English differences - Keyboards, American and British English differences - Other varieties, American and British English differences - Other linguistic topics

Read more here: » American and British English differences: Encyclopedia II - American and British English differences - Lexis

MEMS technology can be implemented using a number of different materials and manufacturing techniques; the choice of which will depend on the device being created and the market sector in which it has to operate. MEMS - Silicon. Silicon is the material used to create almost all integrated circuits used in consumer electronics in the modern world. The economies of scale, ready availability of highly accurate processing and ability to incorporate electronic functionality make silicon attractive for a wide va ...

See also:

MEMS, MEMS - Introduction, MEMS - Technologies, MEMS - Silicon, MEMS - Polymers, MEMS - Metals

Read more here: » MEMS: Encyclopedia II - MEMS - Technologies

The theory of degeneracy was conceived by the critic and author Max Nordau in his 1892 book, Degeneration, (German title: Entartung). According to Nordau, artists were victims of modern life and suffered from decayed brain centers. Nordau's inspiration was the criminologist Cesare Lombroso, author of The Criminal Man published in 1876. Lombroso attempted to prove that there were born criminals, which could be detected by scientific methods to determine atavistic personality traits by measuring abnormal physical ch ...

See also:

Degenerate art, Degenerate art - Theory of Degeneracy, Degenerate art - The Entartete Kunst exhibit, Degenerate art - The fate of the artists and their work, Degenerate art - Listing of artists in the Entartete Kunst show at Munich 1937, Degenerate art - Artistic movements condemned as degenerate

Read more here: » Degenerate art: Encyclopedia II - Degenerate art - Theory of Degeneracy

Over thousands of centuries, the Borg have encountered and assimilated thousands of species. However, little information regarding the true origin of the Borg millennia ago has been divulged in canon sources. Given this and the Borg species numbering system, it is probable that the species originally giving rise to the Borg would have been designated as Species 1. The Borg Queen is a member of species 125 – meaning she is of an early species assimilated by the Borg. Thus, species 125, or that particular individual, was an ideal choi ...

See also:

Borg, Borg - Overview, Borg - History, Borg - Early contacts with the Federation, Borg - The Enterprise-D and Captain Jean-Luc Picard, Borg - Encounters with the Enterprise-E and Voyager, Borg - Assimilation, Borg - Nanoprobes, Borg - Borg species identification, Borg - Origin of the Borg, Borg - Borg from V'ger theory, Borg - Nanobot theory, Borg - Famous maxim, Borg - Pronunciation variations, Borg - All Borg episodes to date, Borg - Star Trek: The Next Generation, Borg - Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Borg - Star Trek: Voyager, Borg - Star Trek: Enterprise, Borg - The Borg in computer games, Borg - The Borg as a cultural allusion

Read more here: » Borg: Encyclopedia II - Borg - Origin of the Borg

The Borg are an amalgam of humanoids of many different races that are enhanced with cybernetic implants, giving them improved mental and physical abilities. Although the cyborg concept has long existed within science-fiction literature, it is probable that the general concept of the Borg — a ruthlessly efficient race of biomechanical beings bent on galactic conquest — was heavily influenced by the Cybermen, which feature in the popular UK television series Doctor Who and who display similar rationales and methods as the Borg, incl ...

See also:

Borg, Borg - Overview, Borg - History, Borg - Early contacts with the Federation, Borg - The Enterprise-D and Captain Jean-Luc Picard, Borg - Encounters with the Enterprise-E and Voyager, Borg - Assimilation, Borg - Nanoprobes, Borg - Borg species identification, Borg - Origin of the Borg, Borg - Borg from V'ger theory, Borg - Nanobot theory, Borg - Famous maxim, Borg - Pronunciation variations, Borg - All Borg episodes to date, Borg - Star Trek: The Next Generation, Borg - Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Borg - Star Trek: Voyager, Borg - Star Trek: Enterprise, Borg - The Borg in computer games, Borg - The Borg as a cultural allusion

Read more here: » Borg: Encyclopedia II - Borg - Overview

Economists often use "capital formation" synonymously with Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) but strictly speaking this is incorrect, because capital formation may include assets which are not fixed capital assets, for example, financial assets. In modern econometrics, attempts are sometimes also made to estimate the formation of human capital, and expenditure on research & development (R&D) may also be regarded as capital formation. ...

See also:

Capital formation, Capital formation - Wrong definition, Capital formation - Types of capital formation, Capital formation - Gross and net capital formation, Capital formation - Measurement issues, Capital formation - Perpetual Inventory Method, Capital formation - Example of capital estimates

Read more here: » Capital formation: Encyclopedia II - Capital formation - Types of capital formation

MEMS devices refer to mechanical components on the micrometre size and include 3D lithographic features of various geometries. They are typically manufactured using planar processing similar to semiconductor processes such as surface micromachining and/or bulk micromachining. These devices generally range in size from a micrometre (a millionth of a metre) to a millimetre (thousandth of a metre). At these size scales, a human's intuitive sense of physics do not always hold true. Due to MEMS' large surface area to volume ratio, surface effects ...

See also:

MEMS, MEMS - Introduction, MEMS - Technologies, MEMS - Silicon, MEMS - Polymers, MEMS - Metals

Read more here: » MEMS: Encyclopedia II - MEMS - Introduction

In the 2005 Analytical Perspectives document, an annex to the US Budget (Table 12-4: National Wealth, p. 201), estimates are provided for the value of total tangible capital assets of the USA, which doubled since 1980 (stated in trillions of dollars, at September 30, 2003): Publicly owned physical assets: Structures and equipment . . . . . . $5.6 federally owned or financed . . . $2.2 Federally owned . . . . . . . . $1.0 Grants to state and local govt . $1.0 funded by state and ...

See also:

Capital formation, Capital formation - Wrong definition, Capital formation - Types of capital formation, Capital formation - Gross and net capital formation, Capital formation - Measurement issues, Capital formation - Perpetual Inventory Method, Capital formation - Example of capital estimates

Read more here: » Capital formation: Encyclopedia II - Capital formation - Example of capital estimates

Capital formation is notoriously difficult to measure statistically, mainly because of the valuation problems involved in establishing the value of capital assets. Capital assets can for instance be valued at historic (acquisition) cost, current replacement cost, current sale value, average market value, or scrap value. A business owner may in fact not even know what his business is "worth" as a going concern, in terms of its current market value. The "book value" of a capital stock may differ greatly from its "market value", and another figure may apply for taxation purposes. The value of capital assets may also be over ...

See also:

Capital formation, Capital formation - Wrong definition, Capital formation - Types of capital formation, Capital formation - Gross and net capital formation, Capital formation - Measurement issues, Capital formation - Perpetual Inventory Method, Capital formation - Example of capital estimates

Read more here: » Capital formation: Encyclopedia II - Capital formation - Measurement issues

The Borg were a concept born out of necessity for Star Trek to feature a new heavy and regular enemy that was lacking during the first season of The Next Generation, now that the Klingons were allies, and the Romulans mostly absent. Originally intended as the new enemy for the United Federation of Planets, the Ferengi failed to assert themselves as a convincing threat because of their comical, unintimidating appearance and devotion to capitalist accumulation or "free enterprise". They were subsequently reassigned the role of annoying ...

See also:

Borg, Borg - Overview, Borg - History, Borg - Early contacts with the Federation, Borg - The Enterprise-D and Captain Jean-Luc Picard, Borg - Encounters with the Enterprise-E and Voyager, Borg - Assimilation, Borg - Nanoprobes, Borg - Borg species identification, Borg - Origin of the Borg, Borg - Borg from V'ger theory, Borg - Nanobot theory, Borg - Famous maxim, Borg - Pronunciation variations, Borg - All Borg episodes to date, Borg - Star Trek: The Next Generation, Borg - Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Borg - Star Trek: Voyager, Borg - Star Trek: Enterprise, Borg - The Borg in computer games, Borg - The Borg as a cultural allusion

Read more here: » Borg: Encyclopedia II - Borg - The Borg as a cultural allusion

Avant-garde German artists, mostly Expressionists, were now branded both enemies of the state and a threat to the German nation. Many went into exile and lost both their reputations and credibility. Max Beckmann fled to Amsterdam on the opening day of the entarte Kunst exhibit. Max Ernst emigrated to America with the assistance of Peggy Guggenheim. Ernst Ludwig Kirchner committed suicide in Switzerland in 1938. Paul Klee spent his years in exile in Switzerland, yet was unable to obtain Swiss citizenship because of his status as a dege ...

See also:

Degenerate art, Degenerate art - Theory of Degeneracy, Degenerate art - The Entartete Kunst exhibit, Degenerate art - The fate of the artists and their work, Degenerate art - Listing of artists in the Entartete Kunst show at Munich 1937, Degenerate art - Artistic movements condemned as degenerate

Read more here: » Degenerate art: Encyclopedia II - Degenerate art - The fate of the artists and their work

Over thousands of centuries, the Borg have encountered and assimilated thousands of species. However, little information regarding the true origin of the Borg millennia ago has been divulged in canon sources. Given this and the Borg species numbering system, it is probable that the species originally giving rise to the Borg would have been designated as Species 1 or 0. Similarly, it is interesting to note that the Borg Queen is a member of species 125 – meaning she is of an early species assimilated by the Borg. Thus, species 125, o ...

See also:

Borg, Borg - Overview, Borg - History, Borg - Early contacts with the Federation, Borg - The Enterprise-D and Captain Jean-Luc Picard, Borg - Encounters with the Enterprise-E and Voyager, Borg - Assimilation, Borg - Nanoprobes, Borg - Borg species identification, Borg - Origin of the Borg, Borg - Borg from V'ger theory, Borg - Nanobot theory, Borg - Famous maxim, Borg - Pronunciation variations, Borg - All Borg episodes to date, Borg - Star Trek: The Next Generation, Borg - Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Borg - Star Trek: Voyager, Borg - Star Trek: Enterprise, Borg - The Borg in computer games, Borg - The Borg as a cultural allusion

Read more here: » Borg: Encyclopedia II - Borg - Origin of the Borg

Initially, the Borg were a mysterious group of marauders that snatched entire starships or took over entire planets and societies in order to collect and assimilate their technology, being less interested in individual lifeforms (TNG: "Q Who?"). In their second appearance, "The Best of Both Worlds", they began to rather crudely and frighteningly assimilate individuals – namely, Picard – into the collective by surgically altering them. Thereafter, incorporation of different lifeforms into thei ...

See also:

Borg, Borg - Overview, Borg - History, Borg - Early contacts with the Federation, Borg - The Enterprise-D and Captain Jean-Luc Picard, Borg - Encounters with the Enterprise-E and Voyager, Borg - Assimilation, Borg - Nanoprobes, Borg - Borg species identification, Borg - Origin of the Borg, Borg - Borg from V'ger theory, Borg - Nanobot theory, Borg - Famous maxim, Borg - Pronunciation variations, Borg - All Borg episodes to date, Borg - Star Trek: The Next Generation, Borg - Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Borg - Star Trek: Voyager, Borg - Star Trek: Enterprise, Borg - The Borg in computer games, Borg - The Borg as a cultural allusion

Read more here: » Borg: Encyclopedia II - Borg - Assimilation

The Borg are an amalgam of humanoids of many different races that are enhanced with cybernetic implants, giving them improved mental and physical abilities. Although the cyborg concept has long existed within science-fiction literature, it is probable that the general concept of the Borg—a ruthlessly efficient race of biomechanical beings bent on galactic conquest—was heavily influenced by the Cybermen, which feature in the popular UK television series Doctor Who and who display similar rationales and methods as the Borg, includin ...

See also:

Borg, Borg - Overview, Borg - History, Borg - Early contacts with the Federation, Borg - The Enterprise-D and Captain Jean-Luc Picard, Borg - Encounters with the Enterprise-E and Voyager, Borg - Assimilation, Borg - Nanoprobes, Borg - Borg species identification, Borg - Origin of the Borg, Borg - Borg from V'ger theory, Borg - Nanobot theory, Borg - Famous maxim, Borg - Pronunciation variations, Borg - All Borg episodes to date, Borg - Star Trek: The Next Generation, Borg - Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Borg - Star Trek: Voyager, Borg - Star Trek: Enterprise, Borg - The Borg in computer games, Borg - The Borg as a cultural allusion

Read more here: » Borg: Encyclopedia II - Borg - Overview

American and British English differences - Spelling. Main article: American and British English spelling differences Some words shared by all English speakers are spelled one way by Americans (and at times Canadians and Australians) but are spelt differently in some (or, at times, most) other English speaking countries. Traditionally, many English verbs have been spelled with both -ize and -ise. The -ise is often used over -ize (e.g ...

See also:

American and British English differences, American and British English differences - Pronunciation, American and British English differences - Grammar, American and British English differences - Singular and plural for nouns, American and British English differences - Use of tenses, American and British English differences - Verb morphology, American and British English differences - Presence or absence of syntactic elements, American and British English differences - Different prepositions in certain contexts, American and British English differences - Miscellaneous grammatical differences, American and British English differences - Word derivation and compounds, American and British English differences - Lexis, American and British English differences - General trends, American and British English differences - Words used only in British English, American and British English differences - Words used only in American English, American and British English differences - Words with differing meanings, American and British English differences - Words which have become archaic in one dialect, American and British English differences - Numbers, American and British English differences - Levels of buildings, American and British English differences - Figures of speech, American and British English differences - Business, American and British English differences - Education, American and British English differences - Transport, American and British English differences - Greetings, American and British English differences - Writing, American and British English differences - Spelling, American and British English differences - Punctuation, American and British English differences - Titles and headlines, American and British English differences - Dates, American and British English differences - Keyboards, American and British English differences - Other varieties, American and British English differences - Other linguistic topics

Read more here: » American and British English differences: Encyclopedia II - American and British English differences - Writing