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trial and error | A Wisdom Archive on trial and error | | trial and error A selection of articles related to trial and error | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO trial and error | | | |  trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Soap bubble - Mathematical propertiesSoap bubbles are also physical illustrations of the problem of minimal surfaces, a complex mathematical problem. For example, while it has been known since 1884 that a spherical soap bubble is the least-area way of enclosing a given volume of air (a theorem of H. A. Schwarz), it was only recently proved in the year 2000 that two merged soap bubbles provide the optimum way of enclosing two given volumes of air with the least surface area. ...
See also:Soap bubble, Soap bubble - Physics, Soap bubble - Surface tension and shape, Soap bubble - Freezing, Soap bubble - Merging, Soap bubble - Interference and reflection, Soap bubble - Mathematical properties, Soap bubble - How to make soap bubbles, Soap bubble - Additives, Soap bubble - Procedure, Soap bubble - History of bubbles as playthings, Soap bubble - Bubble blowers, Soap bubble - Sample formulae, Soap bubble - Performance art Read more here: » Soap bubble: Encyclopedia II - Soap bubble - Mathematical properties |
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| | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Knowledge - Sociology of knowledge Aspects of knowledge exhibit a social character. For instance, knowledge is a form of social capital. Sociology of knowledge examines the way in which Society and knowledge interact.
Through experience, observation, and inference, individuals and cultures gain knowledge. The spread of this knowledge is examined by diffusion. Diffusion of innovations theory explores the factors that lead people to become aware, try, and adopt new ideas and practices -- this can help to explain development of knowledge.
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See also:Knowledge, Knowledge - Defining knowledge, Knowledge - Knowledge management, Knowledge - Situated knowledge, Knowledge - Sociology of knowledge, Knowledge - Other definitions Read more here: » Knowledge: Encyclopedia II - Knowledge - Sociology of knowledge |
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| | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Brassiere - Construction and Fit A bra consists of shoulder straps at either side, cups for the breasts, a center panel, and a band running around the body under the bust. They are typically made of a fabric such as cotton or lace, with the cups for the breasts given shape by underwires or plastic reinforcements. The bra is usually fastened a hook fastener on the band, typically at the back, but in some bras the fastener is situated at the front, in between the cups. Some bras contain padding, designed to improve comfort and provide a more flattering shape - this is sometimes in the form of silicone gel packs. Push up bras, desi ...
See also:Brassiere, Brassiere - Need for brassières, Brassiere - History, Brassiere - Bra sizes, Brassiere - Sister size, Brassiere - Construction and Fit, Brassiere - Types of bra, Brassiere - Culture, Brassiere - Terminology Read more here: » Brassiere: Encyclopedia II - Brassiere - Construction and Fit |
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| | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Sudoku - Mathematics of Sudoku The general problem of solving Sudoku puzzles on n2 x n2 boards of n x n blocks is known to be NP-complete [6]. This gives some indication of why Sudoku is difficult to solve, although on boards of finite size the problem is finite and can be solved by a deterministic finite automaton that knows the entire game tree.
Solving Sudoku puzzles can be expressed as a graph colouring problem. The aim of the puzzle in its standard form is to construct a proper 9-colouring ...
See also:Sudoku, Sudoku - Introduction, Sudoku - Rules and terminology, Sudoku - Solution methods, Sudoku - Scanning, Sudoku - Marking up, Sudoku - Analysis, Sudoku - Computer solutions, Sudoku - Difficulty ratings, Sudoku - Construction, Sudoku - Variants, Sudoku - Mathematics of Sudoku, Sudoku - History, Sudoku - Popularity in the media Read more here: » Sudoku: Encyclopedia II - Sudoku - Mathematics of Sudoku |
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| | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Sudoku - Construction It is possible to set starting grids with more than one solution and to set grids with no solution, but such are not considered proper Sudoku puzzles; like most other pure-logic puzzles, a unique solution is expected.
Building a Sudoku puzzle by hand can be performed efficiently by pre-determining the locations of the givens and assigning them values only as needed to make deductive progress. Such an undefined given can be assumed to not hold any particular value as long as it is given a different value before constructi ...
See also:Sudoku, Sudoku - Introduction, Sudoku - Rules and terminology, Sudoku - Solution methods, Sudoku - Scanning, Sudoku - Marking up, Sudoku - Analysis, Sudoku - Computer solutions, Sudoku - Difficulty ratings, Sudoku - Construction, Sudoku - Variants, Sudoku - Mathematics of Sudoku, Sudoku - History, Sudoku - Popularity in the media Read more here: » Sudoku: Encyclopedia II - Sudoku - Construction |
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| | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Brassiere - History The concept of covering or restraining the breasts dates back to 6,500 years ago in Greece. Minoan women on the island of Crete 4,500 years ago wore brassieres that revealed their bare breasts. A binding known as an apodesmos, or mastodeton was worn by Greek women for exercise in those city-states that supported women's sports, e.g. Sparta. It is said that these early restraints were invented by men so that women's breasts would be ...
See also:Brassiere, Brassiere - Need for brassières, Brassiere - History, Brassiere - Bra sizes, Brassiere - Sister size, Brassiere - Construction and Fit, Brassiere - Types of bra, Brassiere - Culture, Brassiere - Terminology Read more here: » Brassiere: Encyclopedia II - Brassiere - History |
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| | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Propositional knowledge - Types of knowledge Knowledge can be classified into a priori knowledge, which is obtained without needing to observe the world, and a posteriori or empirical knowledge, which is only obtained after observing the world or interacting with it in some way.
Often knowledge is gained by combining or extending other knowledge in various ways. Isaac Newton famously wrote: "If I have seen further... it is by standing on the shoulders of giants".
Inferential knowledge is based on reasoning from facts or from other inferential knowledge such as a theory. S ...
See also:Propositional knowledge, Propositional knowledge - Acquiring knowledge, Propositional knowledge - Types of knowledge, Propositional knowledge - Knowledge in various disciplines, Propositional knowledge - Knowledge in science and engineering, Propositional knowledge - Knowledge in history, Propositional knowledge - Situated knowledge, Propositional knowledge - Issues, Propositional knowledge - Non-scientific methods, Propositional knowledge - Practical limits for obtaining knowledge Read more here: » Propositional knowledge: Encyclopedia II - Propositional knowledge - Types of knowledge |
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| | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Potato chips - Similar foods Another type of potato chip, notably the Pringles and Lay's Stax brands, is made by extruding or pressing a dough made from ground potatoes into the familiar potato chip shape before frying. This makes chips that are very uniform in size and shape, which allows them to be stacked and packaged in rigid tubes. In America, the de jure term for Pringles is "crisps", but they are rarely referred to as such. Conversely Pringles may be termed "potato chips" in Europe, ...
See also:Potato chips, Potato chips - Origins, Potato chips - Seasoned chips, Potato chips - Similar foods, Potato chips - In recipes Read more here: » Potato chips: Encyclopedia II - Potato chips - Similar foods |
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| | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Aquarium - Ecology Ideal aquarium ecology reproduces the equilibrium found in nature in the closed system of an aquarium. In practice it is virtually impossible to maintain a perfect balance. As an example, a balanced predator-prey relationship is nearly impossible to maintain in even the largest of aquaria. Typically an aquarium keeper must take steps to maintain equilibrium in the small ecosystem contained in his aquarium.
Approximate equilibrium is facilitated by large volumes of water. Any event that perturbs the system pushes an aquarium away from ...
See also:Aquarium, Aquarium - History and development, Aquarium - Etymology, Aquarium - Ancient practices, Aquarium - Glass enclosures, Aquarium - Popularization, Aquarium - Function and design, Aquarium - Design, Aquarium - Classifications, Aquarium - Species selection, Aquarium - Source of aquarium inhabitants, Aquarium - Ecology, Aquarium - Nitrogen cycle, Aquarium - Other nutrient cycles, Aquarium - Biological loading, Aquarium - Public aquaria Read more here: » Aquarium: Encyclopedia II - Aquarium - Ecology |
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| | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Propositional knowledge - Issues What constitutes knowledge, certainty and truth are controversial issues. These issues are debated by philosophers, social scientists, and historians. Ludwig Wittgenstein wrote "On Certainty" - aphorisms on these concepts - exploring relationships between knowledge and certainty. A thread of his concern has become an entire field, the philosophy of action.
There are a number of problems that arise when defining knowledge or truth, including issues with objectivity, adequacy and limits to justification. Beliefs are also very problemati ...
See also:Propositional knowledge, Propositional knowledge - Acquiring knowledge, Propositional knowledge - Types of knowledge, Propositional knowledge - Knowledge in various disciplines, Propositional knowledge - Knowledge in science and engineering, Propositional knowledge - Knowledge in history, Propositional knowledge - Situated knowledge, Propositional knowledge - Issues, Propositional knowledge - Non-scientific methods, Propositional knowledge - Practical limits for obtaining knowledge Read more here: » Propositional knowledge: Encyclopedia II - Propositional knowledge - Issues |
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| | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Propositional knowledge - Practical limits for obtaining knowledge What we hold to be knowledge is often derived by a combination of reason from either traditional, authoritative, or scientific sources. Many times such knowledge is not verifiable; sometimes the process of testing is prohibitively dangerous or expensive. For instance, some physics theories about the nature of the universe, such as string-theory, require the construction of testing equipment currently beyond our technology. Since such theories are in principle subject to verification or refutation, they are scientific; since they are not prov ...
See also:Propositional knowledge, Propositional knowledge - Acquiring knowledge, Propositional knowledge - Types of knowledge, Propositional knowledge - Knowledge in various disciplines, Propositional knowledge - Knowledge in science and engineering, Propositional knowledge - Knowledge in history, Propositional knowledge - Situated knowledge, Propositional knowledge - Issues, Propositional knowledge - Non-scientific methods, Propositional knowledge - Practical limits for obtaining knowledge Read more here: » Propositional knowledge: Encyclopedia II - Propositional knowledge - Practical limits for obtaining knowledge |
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| | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Aquarium - Public aquaria Public aquaria are facilities open to the public for viewing of aquatic species in aquaria. Most public aquaria feature a number of smaller tanks, as well as one or more large tank greater in size than could be kept by any home aquarist. The largest tanks hold millions of U.S. gallons of water and can house large species, including dolphins, sharks or beluga whales. Aquatic and semiaquatic animals, including otters and pe ...
See also:Aquarium, Aquarium - History and development, Aquarium - Etymology, Aquarium - Ancient practices, Aquarium - Glass enclosures, Aquarium - Popularization, Aquarium - Function and design, Aquarium - Design, Aquarium - Classifications, Aquarium - Species selection, Aquarium - Source of aquarium inhabitants, Aquarium - Ecology, Aquarium - Nitrogen cycle, Aquarium - Other nutrient cycles, Aquarium - Biological loading, Aquarium - Public aquaria Read more here: » Aquarium: Encyclopedia II - Aquarium - Public aquaria |
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| | | | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Mac OS - A/UX In 1988, Apple released its first UNIX based OS, named A/UX.
This was an operating system that seamlessly integrated the Mac OS look and feel with the power and flexibility of UNIX. Since it was before the advent of PowerPC and therefore had to run on the Motorola 68000 processor, it was not very competitive for its time. A/UX had most of its success in sales to the Federal government of the United States, where UNIX was a requirem ...
See also:Mac OS, Mac OS - Versions, Mac OS - Classic Mac OS 1984-2001, Mac OS - Mac OS X 2001-present, Mac OS - Classic Mac OS technologies, Mac OS - Project Star Trek, Mac OS - A/UX Read more here: » Mac OS: Encyclopedia II - Mac OS - A/UX |
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| | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Markup language - Classes of markup languages Markup languages are often divided into three classes: presentational, procedural, and descriptive.
Markup language - Presentational markup.
Presentational markup expresses document structure via the visual appearance of the whole text of a particular fragment. For example, in a word processor file, the title of a document might be preceded by several newlines and spaces, thus accomplishing leading space and centering. Punctuation may also be considered a form of presentational markup. Word-processi ...
See also:Markup language, Markup language - Classes of markup languages, Markup language - Presentational markup, Markup language - Procedural markup, Markup language - Descriptive Markup, Markup language - History, Markup language - GenCode, Markup language - TeX, Markup language - SGML, Markup language - HTML, Markup language - XML, Markup language - Features, Markup language - Alternative usage Read more here: » Markup language: Encyclopedia II - Markup language - Classes of markup languages |
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| | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Markup language - Features A common feature of many markup languages is that they intermix the text of a document with markup instructions in the same data stream or file. Here, for example, is a small section of text marked up in HTML:
<h1> Anatidae </h1>
<p>
The family <i>Anatidae</i> includes ducks, geese, and swans,
but <em>not</em> the closely-related screamers.
</p>
The codes enclosed in angle-brackets <like this> are markup instructions (known as tags), while the text between these instru ...
See also:Markup language, Markup language - Classes of markup languages, Markup language - Presentational markup, Markup language - Procedural markup, Markup language - Descriptive Markup, Markup language - History, Markup language - GenCode, Markup language - TeX, Markup language - SGML, Markup language - HTML, Markup language - XML, Markup language - Features, Markup language - Alternative usage Read more here: » Markup language: Encyclopedia II - Markup language - Features |
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| | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Aquarium - History and development
Aquarium - Etymology.
The word aquarium itself is taken directly from the latin aqua, meaning water, with the suffix -rium, meaning "place" or "building".
Aquarium - Ancient practices.
The keeping of fish in confined or artificial environments is a practice with deep roots in history. Ancient Sumerians were known to keep wild-caught fish in ponds, before preparing them for meals. In China, selective breeding of carp into today's popular koi and goldfish is believe ...
See also:Aquarium, Aquarium - History and development, Aquarium - Etymology, Aquarium - Ancient practices, Aquarium - Glass enclosures, Aquarium - Popularization, Aquarium - Function and design, Aquarium - Design, Aquarium - Classifications, Aquarium - Species selection, Aquarium - Source of aquarium inhabitants, Aquarium - Ecology, Aquarium - Nitrogen cycle, Aquarium - Other nutrient cycles, Aquarium - Biological loading, Aquarium - Public aquaria Read more here: » Aquarium: Encyclopedia II - Aquarium - History and development |
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| | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Brassiere - Bra sizes A bra size consists of two measurements: the "band size", given by a number, which is the circumference around the body excluding the breasts, and "cup size", given by a letter, which is related to the volume of the breasts themselves. The size of women's breasts is often expressed in terms of bra size.
Bras are commonly available in cup sizes A-DD, and one generally has to go to a specialist lingerie store to find larger cup size bras. The sizing of larger cup sizes can be confusing, since some manufacturers use multiple lette ...
See also:Brassiere, Brassiere - Need for brassières, Brassiere - History, Brassiere - Bra sizes, Brassiere - Construction and Fit, Brassiere - Types of bra, Brassiere - Culture, Brassiere - Terminology Read more here: » Brassiere: Encyclopedia II - Brassiere - Bra sizes |
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| | | | | trial and error: Total War: Encyclopedia II - Rome: Total War - Modification Another manner in which the game was marketed to the computer elite and veterans to the Total War series was that the game was heavily, if not completely moddable. However, hard-coded limitations of the engine have held up these operations, as well as many other possible modifications and game improvements. The hard-coding of many aspects of the game has heavily limited the ability to modify several key areas of the game, such as the faction selection. Modification has also been held back by limited documentation—much information cr ...
See also:Rome: Total War, Rome: Total War - System requirements, Rome: Total War - Gameplay, Rome: Total War - Factions, Rome: Total War - Factions and cultures in the original game, Rome: Total War - Factions in the Barbarian Invasion Expansion, Rome: Total War - Barbarian Invasion leaked, Rome: Total War - Reviews and awards, Rome: Total War - Criticism, Rome: Total War - Modification Read more here: » Rome: Total War: Encyclopedia II - Rome: Total War - Modification |
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| | | | | | trial and error: Encyclopedia II - Brassiere - Need for brassières The female breasts have very little internal support, being composed largely of adipose tissue. It is believed that the primary anatomical support for the breast is provided by the Cooper's ligaments, with the skin covering the breasts offering some additional support. However, this anatomical support is usually insufficient to hold the breasts up (especially in older women), and to prevent movement of the breasts, which can cause pain and discomfort. The primary reason for wearing a brassiere or similar foundation garment is thus to provide external support for the breasts, both to increase ...
See also:Brassiere, Brassiere - Need for brassières, Brassiere - History, Brassiere - Bra sizes, Brassiere - Sister size, Brassiere - Construction and Fit, Brassiere - Types of bra, Brassiere - Culture, Brassiere - Terminology Read more here: » Brassiere: Encyclopedia II - Brassiere - Need for brassières |
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