Trial

A trial is, in the most general sense, a test, usually a test to see whether something does or does not meet a given standard. trial (law), the presentation of information in a formal setting, usually a court jury trial bench trial trial by ordeal motorcycle trial, a kind of competition bike trials riding, a kind of competition trial grammatical number, in linguistics, a grammatical form which signifies that there are three of something The Trial, a novel by Franz Kafka Trial ( ...

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Trial: Encyclopedia II - Moscow Trials - Evaluation of trials Most Western observers who attended the trials said that they were fair and that the guilt of the accused had been established. They based this assessment on the confessions of the accused, which were freely given in open court, without any apparent evidence that they had been extracted by torture or drugging. The British lawyer and MP Denis Pritt, for example, wrote: "Once again the more faint-hearted socialists are beset with doubts and anxieties," but "once again we can feel confident that when the smoke has rolled away from the battlefield of controversy it will be realized that the charge was true, the conf ...

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Witch trial - History

Trial: Encyclopedia - Bernoulli trial

In the theory of probability and statistics, a Bernoulli trial is an experiment whose outcome is random and can be either of two possible outcomes, called "success" and "failure." In practice it refers to a single event which can have one of two possible outcomes. These events can be phrased into "yes or no" questions. For example: Will the coin land heads? Was the newborn child a girl? Are a person's eyes green? Did a mosquito die after the area was sprayed with insecticide? ...

Trial: Encyclopedia - Clinical trial

In medicine, a clinical trial (synonyms: clinical studies, research protocols, medical research) is a research study. Clinical trial - Types of clinical trials. The most commonly performed clinical trials evaluate new drugs, medical devices, biologics, or other interventions to patients in strictly scientifically controlled settings, and are required for Food and Drug Administration approval of new therapies. Trials may be designed to assess the safety and efficacy of an experimental therapy, to assess whet ...

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Trial: Encyclopedia - Darwin on Trial

Darwin on Trial (ISBN 0830813241) is a controversial 1991 book by the University of California, Berkeley law professor Phillip E. Johnson. A neo-creationist polemic, Darwin on Trial is considered to be part of the central canon of the intelligent design movement, of which Johnson is considered "the father." Darwin on Trial - Introduction. Johnson, an evangelical Christian and "an academic lawyer with a specialty in analyzing the logic of arguments and identifying the assumptions that lie behind those ...

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Trial: Encyclopedia - Bike trials riding

Bike trials is a form of offroad cycling derived from motorcycle trials where one slowly negotiates man-made and natural obstacles. It originated in Spain and is said to have been invented by Ot Pi who wanted to practice motocross trials on an ordinary push bike. At the most basic level, trials riding can be summed up as bicycle handling skills, therefore there is much overlap with BMX racing. It evolved from motorcycle trial riding (riding up, over obstacles, man-made or natural) into an off-season bicycle pastime. It now has ...

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Bike trials riding - Types of bikes

Trial: Encyclopedia - Vaccine trial

Vaccine trial - Methodology. A basic trial might involve forming two groups from a random sample of the target population. One group receives the vaccine while the control group receives a placebo. Data on antibody production and immunity to the disease in question is collected from both groups some time after the administration of the vaccine or placebo, and a statistical test is performed on these two sets of data to determine whether or not there is any statistically significant difference between them. If the ...

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Trial: Encyclopedia - 2005 trial of Michael Jackson

In 2005, Michael Jackson went to trial on child molestation charges. The alleged victim was a boy, Gavin Arvizo, referred to as "The Accuser." Arvizo was 13 years old at the time of the alleged crimes. Michael Jackson was indicted for conspiracy with five (unindicted) co-conspirators to abduct the accuser, his sister, and his brother, falsely imprison and extort the same children and their mother, and for sexually molesting the accuser. On June 13, 2005, the jury found Jackson not guilty on all charges. 2005 trial of Michael Ja ...

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2005 trial of Michael Jackson - Early events

2005 trial of Michael Jackson - Alleged co-conspirators

2005 trial of Michael Jackson - After the trial

Trial: Encyclopedia II - Jury trial - The role of jury trials

Some jurisdictions with jury trials allow the defendant to waive their right to a jury trial, this leading to a bench trial. Jury trials tend to occur only when a crime is considered serious. In some jurisdictions, such as France and Brazil, jury trials are reserved, and compulsory, for the most severe crimes and are not available for civil cases. In Brazil, for example, trials by jury are applied in cases of First and Second-degree murders, even if only attempted. In others, such as the United Kingdom, jury trials are only available for cri ...

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Trial

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