Healtheology: One of the fields of study offered by the American Institute of Holistic Theology, a correspondence school in Youngstown, Ohio. The institute defines Healtheology as a theological science of health, a concept that health and theology have a common ground.

Healtheology encompasses acupressure, angelic healing, aromatherapy, Ayurveda, breathwork, color therapy, crystal healing, herbalism, homeopathy, hypnosis, music therapy, polarity healing (polarity balancing), psychic healing, reflexology, shamanism, shiatsu, Therapeutic Prayer, transpersonal psychology, vibrational healing (vibrational medicine), and yoga. Its theory posits a soul with a threefold purpose: to experience, learn, and express itself. Practitioners are called Healtheologists.

(See also: Healtheology, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

A Dictionary of Karma Terminology. From "A Sanskrit English Dictionary", by Sir Monier Monier-Williams.

reincarnation: "Re-entering the flesh." Punarjanma; metempsychosis. The process wherein souls take on a physical body through the birth process.

Reincarnation is one of the fundamental principles of Hindu spiritual insight, shared by the mystical schools of nearly all religions, including Jainism, Sikhism, Buddhism (and even by Christianity until it was cast out by the Nicene Council in 787). It is against the backdrop of this principle of the soul's enjoying many lives that other aspects of Hinduism can be understood. It is a repetitive cycle, known as punarjanma, which originates in the subtle plane (Antarloka), the realm in which souls live between births and return to after death. Here they are assisted in readjusting to the "in-between" world and eventually prepared for yet another birth.

The quality and nature of the birth depends on the merit or demerit of their past actions (karma) and on the needs of their unique pattern of development and experience (dharma). The mother, the father and the soul together create a new body for the soul. At the moment of conception, the soul connects with and is irrevocably bound to the embryo. As soon as the egg is fertilized, the process of human life begins. It is during the mid-term of pregnancy that the full humanness of the fetus is achieved and the soul fully inhabits the new body, a stage which is acknowledged when the child begins to move and kick within the mother's womb. (Tirumantiram, 460: "There in the pregnant womb, the soul lay in primordial quiescence [turiya] state. From that state, Maya [or Prakriti] and Her tribe aroused it and conferred consciousness and maya's evolutes eight- desires and the rest. Thus say scriptures holy and true.")

Finally, at birth the soul emerges into earth consciousness, veiled of all memory of past lives and the inner worlds. The cycle of reincarnation ends when karma has been resolved and the Self God (Parasiva) has been realized. This condition of release is called moksha. Then the soul continues to evolve and mature, but without the need to return to physical existence. How many earthly births must one have to attain the unattainable? Many thousands to be sure, hastened by righteous living, tapas, austerities on all levels, penance and good deeds in abundance.

See: reincarnation, evolution of the soul, karma, moksha, nonhuman birth, samsara, soul.

(See also: Reincarnation, Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)

In essence, psychosynthesis can be best represented by "egg diagram". The Lower Unconscious The Middle Unconscious The Higher Unconscious The Field of Consciousness The Conscious Self or "I" The Higher Self The Collective Unconscious In Assagioli's model of psychosynthesis, we may divide spiritual/life "paths" according to the question: who is the chief protagonist of psycho-spiritual process? Basical ...

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Psychosynthesis, Psychosynthesis - Aims of Psychosynthesis, Psychosynthesis - Core Principles of Psychosynthesis, Psychosynthesis - The egg diagram, Psychosynthesis - Transpersonal consciousness, Psychosynthesis - Selected works

Read more here: » Psychosynthesis: Encyclopedia II - Psychosynthesis - The egg diagram

2005-04-23

When practiced in a religious context, Kundalini is mostly beneficial and benevolent. However, examples exist of religious figures suffering from kundalini symptoms, such as zen master Hakuin and Saint Theresa. The physiological precursors of kundalini also have the potential to diverge into some peculiar types of pathology, as when induced to arise via violence and outside of a religious context, where it may be part of a post-traumatic response. Post-traumatic stress disorder researcher Dr. Jonathan Shay (1994) describes several cases with kundalini-l ...

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Kundalini, Kundalini - Historical source text, Kundalini - The interpretation of Kundalini, Kundalini - Kundalini Yoga, Kundalini - Kundalini in the world's religions, Kundalini - Kundalini rising, Kundalini - The Kundalini Syndrome, Kundalini - Kundalini and development, Kundalini - Kundalini and physiology, Kundalini - Pathological Kundalini

Read more here: » Kundalini: Encyclopedia II - Kundalini - Pathological Kundalini

The "Integral" of the school's name has nothing to do with mathematical integrals, but translates a technical term from the writings of Sri Aurobindo, namely "Integral Yoga" (purnayoga). By this Aurobindo intends to harmonize the paths of karma-, jnana-, and bhakti-yoga as described in the Bhagavad-Gita--roughly speaking, body, mind, and spirit. In the CIIS context the term also suggests various other possible divisions to be integrated as well (e.g. East and West, masculin ...

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California Institute of Integral Studies, California Institute of Integral Studies - The name, California Institute of Integral Studies - Symbol, California Institute of Integral Studies - History

Read more here: » California Institute of Integral Studies: Encyclopedia II - California Institute of Integral Studies - The name

Sovatsky (1998) describes 'kundalini yoga' as an energetically guided yoga. This means that the discipline is informed by the Hindu understanding of pranotthana, or "intensified life-energy". Pranotthana is sometimes thought to lead to spontaneous psycho-motor manifestations which, according to Yogic hemerneutics, might be interpreted as signs of psycho-spiritual growth and bodily maturation. The word, 'kundalini', literally means "the curl of the lock of hair of the beloved." It is a metaphor, a poetic way of describing the flow of e ...

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Kundalini yoga, Kundalini yoga - Kundalini yoga practice, Kundalini yoga - Underlying philosophy, Kundalini yoga - Medical research on kundalini yoga

Read more here: » Kundalini yoga: Encyclopedia II - Kundalini yoga - Underlying philosophy

2005-04-23

Psychology - Mind and brain. Psychology does not necessarily refer to the brain or nervous system and can be framed purely in terms of phenomenological or information processing theories of the mind. Increasingly, though, an understanding of brain function is being included in psychological theory and practice, particularly in areas such as artificial intelligence, neuropsychology, and cognitive neuroscience.

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Psychology, Psychology - History, Psychology - Principles of psychology, Psychology - Mind and brain, Psychology - Schools of thought, Psychology - Scope of psychology, Psychology - Biological basis: the brain, Psychology - Information processing: the mind, Psychology - Change over time: development, Psychology - Interaction with others, Psychology - Study of animals in psychology, Psychology - Mental health, Psychology - Applied psychology, Psychology - Research methods, Psychology - Controlled experiments, Psychology - Correlational studies, Psychology - Longitudinal studies, Psychology - Neuropsychological methods, Psychology - Computational modeling, Psychology - Criticisms of psychology

Read more here: » Psychology: Encyclopedia II - Psychology - Principles of psychology

Two early western interpretations of Kundalini were supplied by C.W. Leadbeater (1847-1934), of the Theosophical Society, and the Analytical Psychologist Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961). Jung's seminar on Kundalini yoga, presented to the Psychological Club in Zurich in 1932, has been widely regarded as a milestone in the psychological understanding of Eastern thought and of the symbolic transformations of inner peace. Kundalini yoga presented Jung with a model for the developmental phases of higher consciousness, and he interpreted its sym ...

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Kundalini, Kundalini - Historical source text, Kundalini - The interpretation of Kundalini, Kundalini - Kundalini Yoga, Kundalini - Kundalini in the world's religions, Kundalini - Kundalini rising, Kundalini - The Kundalini Syndrome, Kundalini - Kundalini and development, Kundalini - Kundalini and physiology, Kundalini - Pathological Kundalini

Read more here: » Kundalini: Encyclopedia II - Kundalini - The interpretation of Kundalini

The movement is sometimes considered to be under the broader umbrella of the New Age movement. It is distinguished ideologically from other New Age trends by an emphasis on the individual development of secular human capabilities as opposed to the more spiritual views within the movement. However, participants rarely make this distinction and it is common to find that most who embrace the ideas of the human potential movement also tend to embrace the other more spiritual ideas within the New Age movement. It is in many ways the progenito ...

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Human Potential Movement, Human Potential Movement - Roots, Human Potential Movement - Relationship to other fields, Human Potential Movement - Esalen, Human Potential Movement - Criticism, Human Potential Movement - Notable figures

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According to Yogic terminology the force of Kundalini is supposed to be raised through meditative exercises and activated within the concept of a subtle body, a body of energy and finer substance. This process has been explained in detail by Motoyama (1981), who bases the bulk of the Kundalini raising practices listed in the book on the notable Swami Satyananda Saraswati, as well as on personal experience in helping people in various stages of Kundalini awakening. Kundalini-experiences are often understood in terms of the Hindu chakra system ...

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Kundalini, Kundalini - Historical source text, Kundalini - The interpretation of Kundalini, Kundalini - Kundalini Yoga, Kundalini - Kundalini in the world's religions, Kundalini - Kundalini rising, Kundalini - The Kundalini Syndrome, Kundalini - Kundalini and development, Kundalini - Kundalini and physiology, Kundalini - Pathological Kundalini

Read more here: » Kundalini: Encyclopedia II - Kundalini - Kundalini rising

The concept of levels follows closely on the concept of lines of development. The more highly developed you are in a particular line, the higher level you are at in that line. Wilber's conception of the level is clearly based on several theories of developmental psychology, including: Piaget's theory of cognitive development, Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, and Jane Loevin ...

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AQAL, AQAL - Quadrants, AQAL - Eight indigenous perspectives, AQAL - Lines streams or intelligences, AQAL - Levels or stages, AQAL - States, AQAL - Types

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Many writers and artists who did not use the word "integral" to refer to their theories nonetheless are considered by theorists to act, think or theorize in an integral way. These include contemporary thinkers like Jurgen Habermas and Rupert Sheldrake, and historical figures like Ralph Waldo Emerson and Gandhi. The following writers contributed essential ideas to integral theory: James Mark Baldwin, American psychologist who described the Baldwin effect. Pierre Teilhard ...

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Integral theory philosophy, Integral theory philosophy - Integral theorists, Integral theory philosophy - Integral artists, Integral theory philosophy - Other thinkers, Integral theory philosophy - Quotations

Read more here: » Integral theory philosophy: Encyclopedia II - Integral theory philosophy - Other thinkers

Although modern mainstream psychology largely attempts to be a scientific endeavor, the field has a history of controversy. Some criticisms of psychology have been made on ethical and philosophical grounds. Some have argued that by subjecting the human mind to experimentation and statistical study, psychologists objectify persons; because it treats human beings as things, as objects that can be examined by experiment, psychology is sometimes portrayed as dehumanizing, ignoring o ...

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Psychology, Psychology - History, Psychology - Principles of psychology, Psychology - Mind and brain, Psychology - Schools of thought, Psychology - Scope of psychology, Psychology - Biological basis: the brain, Psychology - Information processing: the mind, Psychology - Change over time: development, Psychology - Interaction with others, Psychology - Study of animals in psychology, Psychology - Mental health, Psychology - Applied psychology, Psychology - Research methods, Psychology - Controlled experiments, Psychology - Correlational studies, Psychology - Longitudinal studies, Psychology - Neuropsychological methods, Psychology - Computational modeling, Psychology - Criticisms of psychology

Read more here: » Psychology: Encyclopedia II - Psychology - Criticisms of psychology

The practice of kundalini yoga consists of a number bodily postures, expressive movements and utterances, characterological cultivations, breathing patterns, and degrees of concentration (Sovatsky, 1998). None of these postures and movements should, according to scholars of Yoga (Sovatsky, 1998), be considered mere stretching exercises or gymnastic excersises. Shannahoff-Khalsa (2004) describes several Kundalini Yoga techniques in his Kundalini Yoga Protocol. Most techniques includes the following features: cross-legged positions, the ...

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Kundalini yoga, Kundalini yoga - Kundalini yoga practice, Kundalini yoga - Underlying philosophy, Kundalini yoga - Medical research on kundalini yoga

Read more here: » Kundalini yoga: Encyclopedia II - Kundalini yoga - Kundalini yoga practice

Assagioli was a student of Sigmund Freud and introduced Freud's teachings to the medical fraternity in Venice in 1910. He is one of three Italians credited with being pioneers of the psychoanalytic movement. At the same time, around 1910, Assagioli laid the groundwork for Psychosynthesis. He saw that there was a need for something beyond analysis. This was the need for a pers ...

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Roberto Assagioli, Roberto Assagioli - Biography, Roberto Assagioli - Selected works

Read more here: » Roberto Assagioli: Encyclopedia II - Roberto Assagioli - Biography

The humanistic approach has its roots in existentialist thought (see Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Sartre). It is also sometimes understood within the concept of the three different forces of psychology; behaviorism, psychoanalysis and humanism. The "First Force" grew out of Ivan Pavlov's work with the conditioned reflex, and laid the foundations for academic psychology in the United States associated with the names of Watson and Skinner. This school was later called the science of behavior. Abraham Maslow later gave behaviorism the ...

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Humanistic psychology, Humanistic psychology - The development of the field, Humanistic psychology - Epistemology, Humanistic psychology - Counselling and therapy, Humanistic psychology - Criticism and debate, Humanistic psychology - Also see

Read more here: » Humanistic psychology: Encyclopedia II - Humanistic psychology - The development of the field

Contemporary spiritual literature often notes that the chakras as described in the esoteric kundalini documents bear a strong similarity in location and number to the major endocrine glands, as well as nerve bundles called ganglions. One speculation is that the traditional practices have formalized a method for stimulating the endocrine glands to work in a different mode which has a more direct effect on consciousness, perhaps ultimately by stimulating the release of DMT by the pineal gland, which may ...

See also:

Kundalini, Kundalini - Historical source text, Kundalini - The interpretation of Kundalini, Kundalini - Kundalini Yoga, Kundalini - Kundalini in the world's religions, Kundalini - Kundalini rising, Kundalini - The Kundalini Syndrome, Kundalini - Kundalini and development, Kundalini - Kundalini and physiology, Kundalini - Pathological Kundalini

Read more here: » Kundalini: Encyclopedia II - Kundalini - Kundalini and physiology

Main article: History of psychology Rudolf Goclenius, a German scholastic philosopher, is credited with inventing the term 'psychology' (1590). The root of the word psychology (psyche) means "soul" or "spirit" in Greek, and psychology was sometimes considered a study of the soul (in a religious sense of this term). Psychology as a medical discipline can be seen in Thomas Willis' reference to psychology (the "Doctrine of the Soul") in terms of brain function, as part of his 1672 anatomical treatise "De Anima Brutorum" ("Two Discourses on the Souls of Brutes"). Until about the end of the 19th century, psychology w ...

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Psychology, Psychology - History, Psychology - Principles of psychology, Psychology - Mind and brain, Psychology - Schools of thought, Psychology - Scope of psychology, Psychology - Biological basis: the brain, Psychology - Information processing: the mind, Psychology - Change over time: development, Psychology - Interaction with others, Psychology - Study of animals in psychology, Psychology - Mental health, Psychology - Applied psychology, Psychology - Research methods, Psychology - Controlled experiments, Psychology - Correlational studies, Psychology - Longitudinal studies, Psychology - Neuropsychological methods, Psychology - Computational modeling, Psychology - Criticisms of psychology

Read more here: » Psychology: Encyclopedia II - Psychology - History

A dictionary of parapsychology. Please note that words in grey are hyperlinked to a corresponding archive with articles related to that particular topic.