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transition metal | A Wisdom Archive on transition metal | | transition metal A selection of articles related to transition metal | |
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Silver Dagger
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO transition metal | | | | |  transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Gold - OccurrenceDue to its relative chemical inertness gold is usually found as the native metal or alloy. Occasionally large accumulations of native gold (also known as nuggets) occur but usually gold occurs as minute grains. These grains occur between mineral grain boundaries or as inclusions within minerals. Common gold associations are quartz often as veins and sulfide minerals. The most common sulfide associations are pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, stibnite and pyrrhotite. Rarer mineral associations are petzite, calaverite, sylvanite, mut ...
See also:Gold, Gold - Notable characteristics, Gold - Applications, Gold - History, Gold - Value, Gold - Gold and the money supply, Gold - Restrictions on gold ownership, Gold - Return of a gold standard?, Gold - Gold in investment portfolios, Gold - Occurrence, Gold - Production, Gold - Compounds/isotopes, Gold - Precautions, Gold - Symbolism Read more here: » Gold: Encyclopedia II - Gold - Occurrence |
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| | | | | | transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Silver - Occurrence Silver is found in native form, combined with sulfur, arsenic, antimony, or chlorine and in various ores such as argentite (Ag2S) and horn silver (AgCl). The principal sources of silver are copper, copper-nickel, gold, lead and lead-zinc ores obtained from Canada, Cobalt, Ontario , Mexico, Peru, Australia and the United States.
This metal is also produced during the electrolytic refining of copper. Commercial grade fine silver is at least 99.9% pure silver and purities greater than 99.999% are available. Mexico is the large ...
See also:Silver, Silver - Notable characteristics, Silver - Applications, Silver - History, Silver - Occurrence, Silver - Isotopes, Silver - Precautions and health effects Read more here: » Silver: Encyclopedia II - Silver - Occurrence |
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| | | | | transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Mercury element - Compounds The most important salts are:
Mercury(I) chloride (AKA calomel) is sometimes still used in medicine and acousto-optical filters
Mercury(II) chloride (which is very corrosive, sublimates and is a violent poison)
Mercury fulminate, (a detonator widely used in explosives),
Mercury(II) sulfide (AKA cinnabar mercuric ore still used in oriental medicine, or vermilion which is a high-grade paint pigment),
Mercury(II) selenide a semi-metal,
Mercury(II) telluride a semi-metal, and
Mercury cadmium telluride and mercury zinc t ...
See also:Mercury element, Mercury element - Applications, Mercury element - History, Mercury element - Dentistry, Mercury element - Medicine, Mercury element - Mineral occurrence, Mercury element - Compounds, Mercury element - Isotopes, Mercury element - Occurrence in the environment, Mercury element - Health and Environmental Effects, Mercury element - Precautions and Regulation Read more here: » Mercury element: Encyclopedia II - Mercury element - Compounds |
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| | | | | transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Lutetium - Isotopes Naturally occurring lutetium is composed of 1 stable isotope Lu-175 (97.41% natural abundance). 33 radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being Lu-176 with a half-life of 3.78 × 1010 years (2.59% natural abundance), Lu-174 with a half-life of 3.31 years, and Lu-173 with a half-life of 1.37 years. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lifes that are less than 9 days, and the majority of these have half lifes that are less than a half an hour. This element also has 18 meta states, with the most stable being Lu-177m (t½ 160.4 days), Lu-174m (t½ 142 days) and L ...
See also:Lutetium, Lutetium - Notable characteristics and applications, Lutetium - History, Lutetium - Occurrence, Lutetium - Isotopes, Lutetium - Compounds, Lutetium - Precautions Read more here: » Lutetium: Encyclopedia II - Lutetium - Isotopes |
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| | | | | transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Silver - History Silver (from Anglo-Saxon seolfor, compare Old High German silabar; Ag is from the Latin argentum) has been known since ancient times. It is mentioned in the book of Genesis, and slag heaps found in Asia Minor and on the islands of the Aegean Sea indicate that silver was being separated from lead as early as the 4th millennium BCE.
Silver has been used for thousands of years for ornaments and utensils, for trade, and as the basis for many monetary systems. Its value as a precious metal was long considered second only to gold. In Ancient Egypt and Medieval Europe, it ...
See also:Silver, Silver - Notable characteristics, Silver - Applications, Silver - History, Silver - Occurrence, Silver - Isotopes, Silver - Precautions and health effects Read more here: » Silver: Encyclopedia II - Silver - History |
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| | | | | transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Terpyridine - Properties Terpyridine is a tridentate ligand and forms a complex with a transition metal ion in the same way as other polypyridine compounds, such as 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline. In particular, to six-coordinated metal ions, such as cobalt or iron, two terpyridines can be coordinated. These kinds of complexes, called bisterpyridine complexes, do not have any enantiomers, so they differ from bipyridine complexes. The steric structures of bisterpyridin ...
See also:Terpyridine, Terpyridine - History, Terpyridine - Synthesis, Terpyridine - Properties, Terpyridine - Related compounds Read more here: » Terpyridine: Encyclopedia II - Terpyridine - Properties |
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| | | | | transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Ceramic - Other applications of ceramics A couple of decades ago, Toyota researched production of an adiabatic ceramic engine which can run at a temperature of over 6000 °F (3300 °C). Ceramic engines do not require a cooling system and hence allow a major weight reduction and therefore greater fuel efficiency. Fuel efficiency of the engine is also higher at high temperature. In a conventional metallic engine, much of the energy released from the fuel must be dissipated as waste ...
See also:Ceramic, Ceramic - Classifications of technical ceramics, Ceramic - Examples of ceramic materials, Ceramic - Properties of ceramics, Ceramic - Mechanical properties, Ceramic - Electrical properties, Ceramic - Processing of ceramic materials, Ceramic - In situ manufacturing, Ceramic - Sintering-based methods, Ceramic - Other applications of ceramics Read more here: » Ceramic: Encyclopedia II - Ceramic - Other applications of ceramics |
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| | | | | transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Ceramic - Processing of ceramic materials Non-crystalline ceramics, being glasses, tend to be formed from melts. The glass is shaped when either fully molten, by casting, or when in a state of toffee-like viscosity, by methods such as blowing to a mould. If later heat-treatments cause this class to become partly crystalline, the resulting material is known as a glass-ceramic.
Crystalline ceramic materials are not amenable to a great range of processing. Methods for dealing with them tend to fall into one of two categories - either make the ceramic in the desired shape, by rea ...
See also:Ceramic, Ceramic - Classifications of technical ceramics, Ceramic - Examples of ceramic materials, Ceramic - Properties of ceramics, Ceramic - Mechanical properties, Ceramic - Electrical properties, Ceramic - Processing of ceramic materials, Ceramic - In situ manufacturing, Ceramic - Sintering-based methods, Ceramic - Other applications of ceramics Read more here: » Ceramic: Encyclopedia II - Ceramic - Processing of ceramic materials |
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| | | | | transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Ceramic - Classifications of technical ceramics Technical Ceramics can also be classified into three distinct material categories:
Oxides: Alumina, zirconia
Non-oxides: Carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides
Composites: Particulate reinforced, combinations of oxides and non-oxides.
Each one of these classes can develop unique material properties
Ceramic - Examples of ceramic materials.
Barium strontium calcium copper oxide, a high-temperature superconductor
Barium titanate (often mixed with str ...
See also:Ceramic, Ceramic - Classifications of technical ceramics, Ceramic - Examples of ceramic materials, Ceramic - Properties of ceramics, Ceramic - Mechanical properties, Ceramic - Electrical properties, Ceramic - Processing of ceramic materials, Ceramic - In situ manufacturing, Ceramic - Sintering-based methods, Ceramic - Other applications of ceramics Read more here: » Ceramic: Encyclopedia II - Ceramic - Classifications of technical ceramics |
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| | | | | transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Lutetium - Occurrence Found with almost all other rare-earth metals but never by itself, lutetium is very difficult to separate from other elements and is the least abundant of all naturally occurring elements. Consequently, it is also one of the most expensive metals, costing about six times as much per gram as gold.
The principal commercially viable ore of lutetium is the rare earth phosphate mineral monazite: (Ce, La, etc.)PO4 which contains 0.003% of the element. Pure lutetium metal has only relatively recently been isolated and is very diff ...
See also:Lutetium, Lutetium - Notable characteristics and applications, Lutetium - History, Lutetium - Occurrence, Lutetium - Isotopes, Lutetium - Compounds, Lutetium - Precautions Read more here: » Lutetium: Encyclopedia II - Lutetium - Occurrence |
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| | | | | | | transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Gold - Symbolism Gold has been associated with the extremities of utmost evil and great sanctity throughout history. The Golden Calf is a widely-recognised symbol of idolatry and revolt against God. In Communist propaganda, the golden pocket watch and its fastening golden chain were the characteristic accessories of the class enemy, the bourgeois and the industrial tycoons. American Indians of the Sioux tribe called it "The yellow meta ...
See also:Gold, Gold - Notable characteristics, Gold - Applications, Gold - History, Gold - Value, Gold - Gold and the money supply, Gold - Restrictions on gold ownership, Gold - Return of a gold standard?, Gold - Gold in investment portfolios, Gold - Occurrence, Gold - Production, Gold - Compounds/isotopes, Gold - Precautions, Gold - Symbolism Read more here: » Gold: Encyclopedia II - Gold - Symbolism |
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| | | | | transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Gold - Production Economic gold extraction can be achieved from ore grades as little as 0.5 g/1000 kg (0.5 ppm) on average in large easily mined deposits, typical ore grades in open-pit mines are 1–5 g/1000 kg (1-5 ppm), ore grades in underground or hard rock mines are usually at least 3 g/1000 kg (3 ppm) on average. Ore grades of 30 g/1000 kg (30 ppm) are usually needed before gold is visible to the naked eye, therefore in most gold mines you will not see any gold. It is claimed, that all the gold that has been mined throughout the hi ...
See also:Gold, Gold - Notable characteristics, Gold - Applications, Gold - History, Gold - Value, Gold - Gold and the money supply, Gold - Restrictions on gold ownership, Gold - Return of a gold standard?, Gold - Gold in investment portfolios, Gold - Occurrence, Gold - Production, Gold - Compounds/isotopes, Gold - Precautions, Gold - Symbolism Read more here: » Gold: Encyclopedia II - Gold - Production |
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| | | | | transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Gold - Gold and the money supply In January 1959 US M3 money supply was $288.8 billion, and the official gold holdings of the United States was then 17,335.1 tonnes, or about 557 million ounces (there are 32,150.7 troy ounces in a tonne). That means that in 1959, there were $518 in circulation for every ounce of gold reserves held by the USA. Although the theoretical price should then have been $518 per ounce, the actual price, as fi ...
See also:Gold, Gold - Notable characteristics, Gold - Applications, Gold - History, Gold - Value, Gold - Gold and the money supply, Gold - Restrictions on gold ownership, Gold - Return of a gold standard?, Gold - Gold in investment portfolios, Gold - Occurrence, Gold - Production, Gold - Compounds/isotopes, Gold - Precautions, Gold - Symbolism Read more here: » Gold: Encyclopedia II - Gold - Gold and the money supply |
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| | | | | | transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Cadmium - Notable characteristics Cadmium is a soft, malleable, ductile, bluish-white bivalent metal which can be easily cut with a knife. It is similar in many respects to zinc but lends itself to more complex compounds.
The most common oxidation state of cadmium is +2, though rare examples of +1 can be found.
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See also:Cadmium, Cadmium - Notable characteristics, Cadmium - Applications, Cadmium - History, Cadmium - Occurrence, Cadmium - Isotopes, Cadmium - Precautions Read more here: » Cadmium: Encyclopedia II - Cadmium - Notable characteristics |
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| | | | | | transition metal: Encyclopedia II - Silver - Precautions and health effects Silver plays no known natural biological role in humans, and possible health effects of silver are a subject of dispute. Silver itself is not toxic but most of its salts are and some may be carcinogenic.
Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, wrote that silver had beneficial healing and anti-disease properties, and the Phoenicians used to store water, wine, and vinegar in silver bottles to prevent spoiling. In the early 1900's people would put silver dollars in milk bottles to prolong the milk's freshness. Silver compounds were u ...
See also:Silver, Silver - Notable characteristics, Silver - Applications, Silver - History, Silver - Occurrence, Silver - Isotopes, Silver - Precautions and health effects Read more here: » Silver: Encyclopedia II - Silver - Precautions and health effects |
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