QI GONG: Part of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Means energy practice and involves the transmission of the healing energy into the patient.

(See also: QI GONG, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

Chinese Massage: Also called Tuina, it has the same importance, in Chinese traditional medicine that acupuncture, the moxibustion, the pharmacopeia or dietetics. Work in Chinese massage is carried out along the meridian lines which traverse the body. The expert stimulates the blocked points and reactivates energy along the meridian lines. This process makes it possible to awake the natural curative capacities of the body.

(See also: Chinese Massage, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

Artemisia has been used by Chinese herbalists for more than a thousand years in the treatment of many illnesses, such as skin diseases and malaria. In the 1960s a research program was set up by the Chinese army to find an adequate treatment of malaria. In 1972, in the course of this research, Tu Youyou discovered artemsinin in the leaves of Artemisia annua. The drug is named qinghaosu (青蒿素) in Chinese. It was one of many candidates then tested by Chinese scientists from a list of nearly 200 traditional Chinese medicines for treating malaria. ...

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Artemisinin, Artemisinin - Cancer Treatment, Artemisinin - History, Artemisinin - How it works, Artemisinin - Schistosomiasis treatment

Read more here: » Artemisinin: Encyclopedia II - Artemisinin - History

The Qing Dynasty (清朝, 1644–1911) was founded after the defeat of the Ming, the last Han Chinese dynasty, by the Manchus (滿族). The Manchus were formerly known as the Jurchen and invaded from the north in the late seventeenth century. For many decades, historians did not understand the differences between the Manchu rulers and their Chinese subjects. Even though the Manchus started out as alien conquerors, they quickly adopted the Confucian norms ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - The Present

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Qing Dynasty

Though the unified reign of the Qin (秦) Emperor lasted only twelve years, he managed to subdue great parts of what constitutes the core of the Han Chinese homeland and to unite them under a tightly centralized Legalist government seated at Xianyang (咸陽)(in modern Xi'an). His sons, however, were not as successful; as soon as the Qin reign ended, the Qin imperial structure collapsed. The Qin Dynast ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - The Present

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire

The four main branches of Southern Praying Mantis are: Chow Gar (周家; Chow family) Chu Gar (朱家; Chu family) Kwong Sai Jook Lum (江西竹林; Jiangxi Bamboo Forest) Iron Ox (鐵牛) A common antecedent can be surmised not only from their similarities but also from the fact that they all share a common routine, Sarm Bo Jin.[1] However, the genealogies of these branches ar ...

See also:

Southern Praying Mantis martial art, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Branches, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Lau Shui 劉瑞/劉水, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Kwong Sai Jook Lum 江西竹林, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Iron Ox 鐵牛, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Hakka Kuen, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Praying Mantis?, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Notes

Read more here: » Southern Praying Mantis martial art: Encyclopedia II - Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Branches

The Jin Empire was defeated by the Mongols, who then proceeded to defeat the Southern Song in a long and bloody war, the first war where firearms played an important role. Some scholars estimate that about half the population, 50 million Han Chinese people may have perished in total as a result of the Mongols' invasion and conquest. During the era after the war, later called the Pax Mongolica, adventurous Westerners such as Marco Polo travelled all the way to China and brought the first reports of its wonders to Europe. In China, the Mongols were di ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - The Present

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty

The Qing Dynasty (清朝, 1644–1911) was founded after the defeat of the Ming, the last Han Chinese dynasty, by the Manchus (滿族). The Manchus were formerly known as the Jurchen and invaded from the north in the late seventeenth century. For many decades, historians did not understand the differences between the Manchu rulers and their Chinese subjects. Even though the Manchus started out as alien conquerors, they quickly adopted the Confucian norms of traditional Chinese government. They eventually rul ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - Post modern independence

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Qing Dynasty

Though the unified reign of the Qin (秦) Emperor lasted only twelve years, he managed to subdue great parts of what constitutes the core of the Han Chinese homeland and to unite them under a tightly centralized Legalist government seated at Xianyang (咸陽)(in modern Xi'an). His sons, however, were not as successful; as soon as the Qin reign ended, the Qin imperial structure collapsed. The Qin Dynasty is well known for beginning the Great Wall of China ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - Post modern independence

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire

The Jin Empire was defeated by the Mongols, who then proceeded to defeat the Southern Song in a long and bloody war, the first war where firearms played an important role. Some scholars estimate that about half the population, 50 million Han Chinese people may have perished in total as a result of the Mongols' invasion and conquest. During the era after the war, later called the Pax Mongolica, adventurous Westerners such as Marco Polo travelled all the way to China and brought the first reports of its wonders to Europe. In China, the Mongols were divided between those who wanted to remain based in the ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - Post modern independence

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty

Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 280 by the (Western) Jin Dynasty (晉朝), the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu Hu, 五胡) ethnic groups controlled much of the country in the early 4th century and provoked large-scale Han Chinese migrations to south of the Chang Jiang (長江). In 303 the Di (氐) people rebelled and later captured Chengdu (成都). Under Liu Yuan (劉淵) the Xiongnu rebelled near today's Linfen County (山西省臨汾縣). His successor Liu Cong (劉聰) captured and executed the last two Western ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - The Present

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties

Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 280 by the (Western) Jin Dynasty (晉朝), the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu Hu, 五胡) ethnic groups controlled much of the country in the early 4th century and provoked large-scale Han Chinese migrations to south of the Chang Jiang (長江). In 303 the Di (氐) people rebelled and later captured Chengdu (成都). Under Liu Yuan (劉淵) the Xiongnu rebelled near today's Linfen County (山西省臨汾縣). His successor Liu Cong (劉聰) captured and executed the last two Western ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - Post modern independence

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties

Though these three kingdoms were reunited temporarily in 280 by the (Western) Jin Dynasty (晉朝), the contemporary non-Han Chinese (Wu Hu, 五胡) ethnic groups controlled much of the country in the early 4th century and provoked large-scale Han Chinese migrations to south of the Chang Jiang (長江). In 303 the Di (氐) people rebelled and later captured Chengdu (成都). Under Liu Yuan (劉淵) the Xiongnu rebelled near today's Linfen County (山西省臨汾縣). His successor Liu Cong (劉聰) captured and executed the last two Western ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin, the Sixteen Kingdoms, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors, the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - Post modern independence

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Jin, the Sixteen Kingdoms, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties

The Han Dynasty (漢朝) emerged in 202 BC. It was the first dynasty to embrace the philosophy of Confucianism, which became the ideological underpinning of all regimes until the end of imperial China. Under the Han Dynasty, China made great advances in many areas of the arts and sciences. Emperor Wu (Han Wudi 漢武帝) consolidated and extended the Chinese empire by pushing back the Xiongnu (匈奴)(sometimes identified with the Huns) into the steppes of modern Inner Mongolia (內蒙古), wresting from them the modern areas of Gansu (甘� ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - The Present

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity

On June 18, 618, Gaozu (唐高祖) took the throne, and the Tang Dynasty (唐朝) was established, opening a new age of prosperity and innovations in arts and technology. Buddhism, which had gradually been established in China from the first century, became the predominant religion and was adopted by the royal family and many of the common people. Chang'an (長安)(modern Xi'an), the national capital, is thought to have been th ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - The Present

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity

With the proclamation of the People's Republic of China (中華人民共和國) on October 1, 1949, China was divided yet again, into the PRC on the mainland and the ROC on Taiwan and several outlying islands of Fujian (福建省), with two governments each regarding itself as the one true Chinese government and denouncing the other as illegitimate. This remained true until the early 1990s, when political changes on Taiwan led the ROC to formally accept that they would never reoccupy China again. Since then, they have been pushing actively t ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - The Present

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - The Present

The traditions of the Chow Gar and Kwong Sai Jook Lum branches each maintain that their respective founders Chow Ah-Nam and Som Dot created their styles after witnessing a praying mantis fight and defeat a bird. Such inspiration is a recurring motif in the Chinese martial arts and can be found in the legends of Northern Praying Mantis, both White Crane styles, T'ai Chi Ch'üan, and Wing Chun. However, the traditions of the Chu family branch contend that the name "Southern Praying Mantis" was chosen to conceal from Qing forces its poli ...

See also:

Southern Praying Mantis martial art, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Branches, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Lau Shui 劉瑞/劉水, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Kwong Sai Jook Lum 江西竹林, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Iron Ox 鐵牛, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Hakka Kuen, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Praying Mantis?, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Notes

Read more here: » Southern Praying Mantis martial art: Encyclopedia II - Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Praying Mantis?

The Han Dynasty (漢朝) emerged in 202 BC. It was the first dynasty to embrace the philosophy of Confucianism, which became the ideological underpinning of all regimes until the end of imperial China. Under the Han Dynasty, China made great advances in many areas of the arts and sciences. Emperor Wu (Han Wudi 漢武帝) consolidated and extended the Chinese empire by pushing back the Xiongnu (匈奴)(sometimes identified with the Huns) into the steppes of modern Inner Mongolia (內蒙古), wresting from them the modern areas of Gansu (甘� ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - Post modern independence

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity

On June 18, 618, Gaozu (唐高祖) took the throne, and the Tang Dynasty (唐朝) was established, opening a new age of prosperity and innovations in arts and technology. Buddhism, which had gradually been established in China from the first century, became the predominant religion and was adopted by the royal family and many of the common people. Chang'an (長安)(modern Xi'an), the national capital, is thought to have been the world's biggest city at the time. The Tang and Han a ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - Post modern independence

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity

With the proclamation of the People's Republic of China (中華人民共和國) on October 1, 1949, China was divided yet again, into the PRC on the mainland and the ROC on Taiwan and several outlying islands of Fujian (福建省), with two governments each regarding itself as the one true Chinese government and denouncing the other as illegitimate. This remained true until the early 1990s, when political changes on Taiwan led the ROC to formally accept that they would never reoccupy China again. Since then, they have been pushing actively t ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - Post modern independence

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Post modern independence

The Sui Dynasty (隋朝) managed to reunite the country in 589 after almost 300 years of disjunction. The unification is the second shortest dynasty in the history of China after Qin Dynasty, and during this time, millions laboured on the Grand Canal of China (大運河), still the longest canal in the world to date. ...

See also:

History of China, History of China - Prehistoric times, History of China - Ancient histories, History of China - Xia Dynasty, History of China - Shang Dynasty, History of China - Zhou Dynasty, History of China - Qin Dynasty: The first Chinese Empire, History of China - Han Dynasty: A period of prosperity, History of China - Jin the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification, History of China - Tang Dynasty: Return to prosperity, History of China - Song Dynasty and its northern neighbors the Liao and the Jin, History of China - Mongols and the Yuan Dynasty, History of China - Ming Dynasty: Revival of Chinese culture, History of China - Qing Dynasty, History of China - The Republic of China, History of China - The Present

Read more here: » History of China: Encyclopedia II - History of China - Sui Dynasty: Reunification

Though the origins of Southern Praying Mantis may be contested, what is indisputable is its association with the Hakka people of inland eastern Guangdong. The region that is home to Southern Praying Mantis begins in the very heart of Hakka territory at Xingning, where Chow Gar founder Chow Ah-Nam came from. From Xingning, the Dongjiang flows west out of the prefecture of Meizhou through Heyuan, where Iron Ox founder Choi Dit-Ngau came from. In the prefecture of Huizhou, the Dongjiang forms the northern border of Huìyáng (惠陽) County, wh ...

See also:

Southern Praying Mantis martial art, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Branches, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Lau Shui 劉瑞/劉水, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Kwong Sai Jook Lum 江西竹林, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Iron Ox 鐵牛, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Hakka Kuen, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Praying Mantis?, Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Notes

Read more here: » Southern Praying Mantis martial art: Encyclopedia II - Southern Praying Mantis martial art - Hakka Kuen