Birds are bipedal, warm-blooded, egg-laying vertebrates characterized primarily by feathers, forelimbs modified as wings, and hollow bones. Birds range in size from the tiny hummingbirds to the huge Ostrich and Emu. Depending on taxonomic viewpoint, there are about 8,800–10,200 living bird species (plus about 120–130 that have become extinct in the span of human history) in the world, making them the mos ...

Including:

Bird - High-level taxonomy Bird - Bird orders Bird - Evolution Bird - Reproduction Bird - Mating systems and parental care Bird - Respiration Bird - Other anatomy Bird - Birds and humans Bird - Trivia

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The chest is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals. Chest - Chest anatomy - Humans and other hominids. In hominids, the chest is the region of the body between the neck and the abdomen, along with its internal organs and other contents. It is mostly protected and supported by the ribcage, spine, and shoulder girdle. Contents of the chest include the following: organs heart lungs muscles major and minor pectoral musclesIncluding:

Chest - Chest anatomy - Humans and other hominids Chest - Chest anatomy - Other animals Chest - Chest injury

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Cilia are found in all animals, although nematodes and arthropods only have non-motile cilia on some sensory nerve cells. Cilia are rare in plants, occurring most notably in cycads. Protozoans (ciliates) possess motile cilia exclusively and use them for either locomotion or to simply move liquid over their surface. Some ciliates bear groups of cilia that are fused together into large mobile projections called cirri (singular, cirrus). Most other organisms that have motile cilia ...

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Cilium, Cilium - Types and distribution, Cilium - Structure, Cilium - Cilium-related disease

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Esophageal cancer - General approaches. The treatment is determined by the cellular type of cancer (adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma vs. other types), the stage of the disease, the general condition of the patient and other diseases present. On the whole, adequate nutrition needs to be assured, and adequate dental care is vital. If the patient cannot swallow at all, a stent may be inserted to keep the esophagus patent. A nasogastric tube may be necessary to continue feeding while treatment for the ...

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Esophageal cancer, Esophageal cancer - Signs and symptoms, Esophageal cancer - Cause and risk factors, Esophageal cancer - Increased risk, Esophageal cancer - Decreased risk, Esophageal cancer - Diagnosis, Esophageal cancer - Staging, Esophageal cancer - Treatment, Esophageal cancer - General approaches, Esophageal cancer - Tumor treatments, Esophageal cancer - Follow-up and prognosis, Esophageal cancer - Epidemiology

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Signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade can appear very similar to congestive heart failure. Usually, however, the differential diagnosis can be made via a history of sudden onset attributable to trauma, particularly in younger patients. Identification of cardiac tamponade relies upon Beck's triad: hypotension, jugular vein distention, and muffled heart sounds resulting from accumulated fluid dampening sound transmission through the chest wall. In pre-hospital settings, identification of the quiet heart sounds can be difficult. It is important to note the baseline condition during the ...

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Cardiac tamponade, Cardiac tamponade - Causes, Cardiac tamponade - Diagnosis, Cardiac tamponade - First Aid, Cardiac tamponade - Pre-hospital care for EMTs, Cardiac tamponade - Clinical treatment

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Birds are generally considered to have evolved from theropod dinosaurs. Specifically, birds are members of Maniraptora, a group of theropods which includes dromaeosaurs and oviraptorids, among others. As more non-avian theropods that are closely related to birds are discovered, the formerly clear distinction between non-birds and birds becomes less so. Recent discoveries in North-east China (Liaoning Province) demonstrating that many small theropod dinosaurs had feat ...

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Bird, Bird - High-level taxonomy, Bird - Bird orders, Bird - Evolution, Bird - Reproduction, Bird - Mating systems and parental care, Bird - Respiration, Bird - Other anatomy, Bird - Birds and humans, Bird - Trivia

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Bronchitis - Signs and symptoms. The primary symptom of chronic bronchitis is a persistent cough that produces sputum. A patient may have only this symptom for many years before others develop. Eventually, the patient will experience shortness of breath (dyspnea) on exertion. As the disease progresses, other symptoms may appear, such as an inability to sufficiently expel carbon dioxide from the lungs (hypercapnia) and insufficient oxygenation of the blood (hypoxemia) leading to cyanosis. Severe chronic bronchitis will commonly lead to cor pulmonale and heart failure See also:

Bronchitis, Bronchitis - Features, Bronchitis - Signs and symptoms, Bronchitis - Morphology, Bronchitis - Diagnosis, Bronchitis - Pathophysiology, Bronchitis - Treatment, Bronchitis - Prognosis, Bronchitis - Prevention, Bronchitis - History

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Exsanguination is used primarily in the meat industry, as a method of slaughter. Before any incision is made, a device called a captive bolt is used. The device is placed against the skull of the animal, and penetrates to cause tissue destruction in the brain. This incapacitates the animal so that the procedure may take place. While the animal is incapacitated, a knife is fully inserted through the skin just behind the point of the jaw and below the neck bones. From this position the knife is drawn forward severing the jugular vein, c ...

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Exsanguination, Exsanguination - Slaughter of animals, Exsanguination - Cause of human death

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Elliot was widely considered the most charismatic member of the Mamas & the Papas due to her sense of humor and optimism, in part because of her large size and weight. She was one of the most beloved members of the group and, because of her warm, distinctive voice, was a large factor in their success. She is best remembered for her vocals on the group's Billboard hits California Dreamin, Monday, Monday, and Words of Love, as well as her first hit as an inde ...

See also:

Cass Elliot, Cass Elliot - Mama Cass, Cass Elliot - Cass flies solo, Cass Elliot - Myths

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The alveoli consist of an epithelial layer and extracellular matrix surrounded by capillaries. In some alveolar walls there are pores between alveoli. There are two major alveolar cell types in the alveolar wall: Type I cells that form the structure of a alveolar wall Type II cells that secrete surfactant to lower the surface tension The alveoli have an innate tendency to collapse because of their spherical shape, small size, and surface tension. Phospholipids, which are called surfactants, and pores help to equalize pressures and prevent collapse.

Pulmonary alveolus, Pulmonary alveolus - Location, Pulmonary alveolus - Structure, Pulmonary alveolus - Details, Pulmonary alveolus - Alveolar gas pressures, Pulmonary alveolus - Exchange between blood and gas, Pulmonary alveolus - Matching air supply and blood supply in alveoli, Pulmonary alveolus - Diseases

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The effects of alcohol on the body is as follows; Euphoria (BAC = 0.03 to 0.12 percent) They become more self-confident or daring. Their attention span shortens. They may look flushed. Their judgement is not as good -- they may say the first thought that comes to mind, rather than an appropriate comment for the given situation. They have trouble with fine movements, such as writing or signing their name. Excitement (BAC = 0.09 to 0.25 percent) They become sleepy. They have trouble understanding or remembering things (even recen ...

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Effects of alcohol on the body, Effects of alcohol on the body - Intoxication, Effects of alcohol on the body - Action on the brain, Effects of alcohol on the body - Carcinogenic effects, Effects of alcohol on the body - Metabolism of alcohol and action on the liver, Effects of alcohol on the body - Dehydration, Effects of alcohol on the body - Hangover, Effects of alcohol on the body - Beneficial effects of alcohol, Effects of alcohol on the body - Effects by dose, Effects of alcohol on the body - Moderate doses, Effects of alcohol on the body - Excessive doses

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The primary function of the thyroid is production of the hormones thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin. Up to 40% of the T4 is converted to T3 by peripheral organs such as the liver and spleen. Thyroid - T3 and T4 production and action. Thyroxine is synthetised by the follicular cells from the tyrosine residues of the protein called thyroglobulin (TG). Iodine, captured with the "iodine trap" is activated by the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and linked to the 3' and 5' sites of the benzen ...

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Thyroid, Thyroid - Anatomy, Thyroid - Gross anatomy, Thyroid - Blood supply, Thyroid - Histology of the thyroid, Thyroid - Physiology, Thyroid - T3 and T4 production and action, Thyroid - T3 and T4 regulation, Thyroid - Calcitonin, Thyroid - The significance of iodine, Thyroid - Diseases of the thyroid gland, Thyroid - Diagnosis, Thyroid - Treatment, Thyroid - Medical treatment, Thyroid - Thyroid surgery, Thyroid - History, Thyroid - External link

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Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu emphasizes ground fighting techniques and submission holds involving joint-locks and chokeholds. The premise is that most of the advantage of a larger, stronger opponent comes from superior reach and more powerful strikes, both of which are largely negated if wrestling on the ground. BJJ includes many techniques to throw or tackle opponents to the ground, these are notoriusly difficult to resist even for people who are trained in their countermeasures. Once the opponent is on the ground, a number of maneuvers (and counter ...

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Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu - History, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu - Techniques, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu - Grading

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The lungs of mammals have a spongy texture and are honeycombed with epithelium having a much larger surface area in total than the outer surface area of the lung itself. The lungs of humans are typical of this type of lung. The environment of the lung is very moist, which makes it a hospitable environment for bacteria. Many respiratory illnesses are the result of bacterial or viral infection of the lungs. Breathing is largely driven by the diaphragm below, a muscle that by contracting expands the cavity in which the lung is enclosed. The rib cage itself is also abl ...

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Lung, Lung - The respiratory function of the lung, Lung - Nonrespiratory functions of the lung, Lung - Mammalian lungs, Lung - Anatomy, Lung - Avian lungs, Lung - Reptilian lungs, Lung - Amphibian lungs, Lung - Arachnid lungs, Lung - Crustacean lungs, Lung - Origins

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There are 8 reversible causes of cardiac arrest, known as the "4Hs and 4Ts". They are looked for and treated by ambulance technicians/paramedics or by medical staff at the hospital while undertaking advanced life support, protocols for which will be used alongside any specific treatments for each of the causes. Lay rescuers performing basic life support can generally neither identify or treat them (with the exception of hypovolemia due to external bleeding), and so can offer only supportive treatment ...

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Cardiac arrest, Cardiac arrest - Etiology, Cardiac arrest - Treatable causes, Cardiac arrest - Diagnosis, Cardiac arrest - Treatment, Cardiac arrest - First aid, Cardiac arrest - Other prehospital care, Cardiac arrest - Hospital treatment, Cardiac arrest - Ethical Issues

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Neck - Bony anatomy: The cervical spine. The cervical portion of the human spine comprises seven bony segments, typically referred to as C-1 to C-7, with cartilaginous disks between each vertebral body. From top to bottom the cervical spine is gently curved in convex-forward fashion. Neck - Soft tissue anatomy. In the middle line below the chin can be felt the body of the hyoid bone, just below which is the prominence of the thyroid cartilage called "Adam's apple," better marke ...

See also:

Neck, Neck - Anatomy of the human neck, Neck - Bony anatomy: The cervical spine, Neck - Soft tissue anatomy

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In humans and other mammals, the respiratory system consists of the airways, the lungs, and the respiratory muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the body. Within the alveolar system of the lungs, molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged between the gaseous environment and the blood. Thus, the respiratory system facilitates oxygenation of the blood with a concomitant removal of carbon dioxide and other gaseous metabolic wastes from the circulation. Respiratory system - Organization. The respiratory system can be conve ...

See also:

Respiratory system, Respiratory system - Respiratory system in humans and animals, Respiratory system - Organization, Respiratory system - Functions, Respiratory system - Diseases, Respiratory system - Respiratory system in plants, Respiratory system - Tissue engineering, Respiratory system - Sources

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No cure has yet been found for ALS. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the first drug treatment for the disease: riluzole (Rilutek). Riluzole is believed to reduce damage to motor neurons by decreasing the release of glutamate. Clinical trials with ALS patients showed that riluzole prolongs survival by several months, mainly in those with difficulty swallowing. The drug also extends the time before a patient needs ventilation support. Riluzole does not reverse the damage already done to motor neurons, and patients t ...

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Epidemiology, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Symptoms, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Diagnosis, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Cause, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Treatment, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - Famous People Who Have or Had ALS

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Mainly for educational use, or where the design of a building does not permit the fitting of external ductwork, these units generally have a fan mounted on the top (soffit) of the hood, or beneath the worktop. Air is sucked through the front opening of the hood and through a filter, before passing through the fan and being fed back into the workplace. Fume hood - Pre-Filtration. The first stage of filtration consists of a physical barrier, typically of open cell foam, which prevents large particles from passing through. A filter of this type is generally inexpensive, and would ...

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Fume hood, Fume hood - Construction and location, Fume hood - Recirculating Fume Hoods, Fume hood - Pre-Filtration, Fume hood - Main Filtration, Fume hood - Ducted Fume Hoods, Fume hood - Specific Fume Hood Types, Fume hood - Use, Fume hood - Control Panels, Fume hood - A warning

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Each lateral lobe is composed of numerous lobules held together by delicate areolar tissue; the entire gland being enclosed in an investing capsule of a similar but denser structure. The primary lobules vary in size from that of a pin's head to that of a small pea, and are made up of a number of small nodules or follicles, which are irregular in shape and are more or less fused together, especially toward the interior of the gland. Each follicle is from 1 to 2 mm. in diameter and consists of a medullary and a cortical portion, and these diff ...

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Thymus, Thymus - Function, Thymus - Anatomy, Thymus - Development, Thymus - Structure, Thymus - Cancer

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Examples of chokeholds include rear naked choke, triangle choke and guillotine choke. These are very common in Judo and other grappling arts. Another common choke is the "straight choke", where the lapels are used. It is best if you use this while sitting face-to-face on top of your partner. You grasp his right lapel with your left hand and his left lapel with your right hand. Then you pull with your left hand and use the right hand to bring the lapel across the throat and push to tighten it. Another variation of it is if you are sitt ...

See also:

Chokehold, Chokehold - Anatomy of a chokehold, Chokehold - Types of chokeholds, Chokehold - Notes

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Elliot guest starred three times on Julie Andrews's 1973 television series, The Julie Andrews Hour. Cass's voice blended surprisingly well with Andrews's, given their stylistic differences, and they created a pleasing onscreen chemistry. Cass also made guest appearances on The Carol Burnett Show. Elliot was a close friend and neighbor of coffee heiress Abigail Folger, who was a victim of the Charles Manson murders. She was also close to actress Sharon Tate, writer Wojciech Frykowski, and international hairdresser Jay Sebring, a ...

See also:

Cass Elliot, Cass Elliot - Mama Cass, Cass Elliot - Cass flies solo, Cass Elliot - Myths

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