The structure of the larynx is mainly composed of cartilage bound by ligaments and muscle. At the front is the thyroid cartilage, creating the prominence of the Adam's apple in humans. The inferior horns (protrusions at the bottom rear of the thyroid cartilage) of the thyroid cartilage rest on a ring-shaped cartilage called the cricoid cartilage which connects the larynx to the trachea. The cricoid cartilage resembles a signet ring (narrow in front, broader in back). Above the larynx is the hyoid bone, by which (via various muscles and ligam ...

See also:

Larynx, Larynx - Structure, Larynx - Function, Larynx - Descended larynx, Larynx - Disorders

Read more here: » Larynx: Encyclopedia II - Larynx - Structure

The respiratory tract is covered in an epithelium, the type of which varies down the tract. There are glands and mucus producing goblet cells in parts, as well as smooth muscle, elastin or cartilage. Most of the epithelium (from the nose to the bronchi) is covered in pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelial cells. The cilia beat in one direction, moving mucus towards the throat where it is swallowed. Moving down the bronchioles, the cells get more cuboidal in shape but are still ciliated. Cartilage is present until the small bronchi. In the trachea they are C-shaped ring ...

See also:

Respiratory tract, Respiratory tract - General histology, Respiratory tract - Reference

Read more here: » Respiratory tract: Encyclopedia II - Respiratory tract - General histology

Thyroid - Gross anatomy. The thyroid is situated on the front side of the neck at the level of C5 to T1 vertebral bodies, just below the laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple), near the thyroid cartilage over the trachea but covered by layers of skin and muscle. The thyroid is one of the larger endocrine glands - 10-20 grams in adults- and butterfly-shaped: the wings correspond to the lobes and the body to the isthmus of the thyroid. It may enlarge substantially during pregnancy and when affected by a variety of diseases. See also:

Thyroid, Thyroid - Anatomy, Thyroid - Gross anatomy, Thyroid - Blood supply, Thyroid - Histology of the thyroid, Thyroid - Physiology, Thyroid - T3 and T4 production and action, Thyroid - T3 and T4 regulation, Thyroid - Calcitonin, Thyroid - The significance of iodine, Thyroid - Diseases of the thyroid gland, Thyroid - Diagnosis, Thyroid - Treatment, Thyroid - Medical treatment, Thyroid - Thyroid surgery, Thyroid - History, Thyroid - External link

Read more here: » Thyroid: Encyclopedia II - Thyroid - Anatomy

Muscle relaxants are used in modern anaesthesia for many reasons, such as providing optimal operating conditions and facilitating intubation of the trachea. Before muscle relaxants, anaesthesiologists needed to use larger doses of the anaesthetic agent, such as ether or cyclopropane to achieve these aims. Such deep anaesthesia risked killing patients that were elderly or had heart conditions. On January 23, 1942, Dr. Harold Griffith and Dr. Enid Johnson gave a synthetic preparation of curare (Intracostin) to a patient undergoing an ap ...

See also:

Curare, Curare - Curare and anaesthesia, Curare - Plants from which curare can be extracted

Read more here: » Curare: Encyclopedia II - Curare - Curare and anaesthesia

An urban legend holds that Elliot died while choking on a sandwich, sometimes stated as a "ham sandwich". Shortly after her death, but before her autopsy, The Times published an article that quoted her doctor as speculating that she "probably... died as a result of choking on a sandwich while lying in bed". However, the coroner found no food in her trachea, and reported the cause of death as heart failure. Nevertheless, the rumor spread, with the popular imagination adding that the sandwich contained ham. Another version of the story ...

See also:

Cass Elliot, Cass Elliot - Mama Cass, Cass Elliot - Cass flies solo, Cass Elliot - Myths, Cass Elliot - References of Mama Cass in media

Read more here: » Cass Elliot: Encyclopedia II - Cass Elliot - Myths

The initiating event in developing chronic bronchitis appears to be chronic irritation due to inhalation of certain substances (especially cigarette smoke). The earliest clinical feature of bronchitis is increased secretion of mucus by submucousal glands of the trachea and bronchi. Damage caused by irritation of the airways leads to inflammation and infiltration of the lung tissue by neutrophils. The neutrophils release substances that promote mucousal hypersecretion. As bronchitis persists to become chronic bronchitis, a substantial increas ...

See also:

Bronchitis, Bronchitis - Diagnosis, Bronchitis - Pathophysiology, Bronchitis - Treatment, Bronchitis - Prognosis, Bronchitis - Prevention, Bronchitis - History

Read more here: » Bronchitis: Encyclopedia II - Bronchitis - Pathophysiology

It is possible to initiate an airflow in the upper respiratory tract by means of the vocal cords or glottis. This is known as glottalic initiation. To perform glottalic pressure initiation, one lowers one's glottis (as if to sing a low note), closes it as if for a glottal stop, and then raises it, building up pressure in the upper trachea and oral cavity. Glottalic egressives are also called ejectives. Since the glottis must be fully closed to form glottali ...

See also:

Initiation phonetics, Initiation phonetics - Pulmonic initiation, Initiation phonetics - Glottalic initiation, Initiation phonetics - Velaric initiation

Read more here: » Initiation phonetics: Encyclopedia II - Initiation phonetics - Glottalic initiation

Since Mersin has always been a port city through history, the area was inhabited since 7th century BC, and was in the interest of many states and civilizations such as Greeks, Byzantines,Arabs, Egyptian Tulunids, Seljuk Turks, Mongols, Crusaders, Armenians, Mamluks, Anatolian beyliks and finally Ottomans. The Greek geographer Strabo (Gr. Στράβων), from Amasya in Pontus refered to the region as Cilicia which was divided into Rugged Cilicia (Cilicia Trachea-Κιλικία Τραχεία) and Flat Cilicia ( ...

See also:

Mersin, Mersin - History, Mersin - Economy, Mersin - Highlights, Mersin - Culture, Mersin - Statistics and administration

Read more here: » Mersin: Encyclopedia II - Mersin - History

VAP should be suspected in any person with symptoms of VAP, increasing numbers of white blood cells on blood testing, and new shadows (infiltrates) on a chest x-ray. Blood cultures may reveal the microorganism causing VAP. Two strategies exist for diagnosing VAP. One strategy collects cultures from the trachea of people with symptoms of VAP plus a new or enlarging infiltrate on chest x-ray. The other is more invasive and advocates a bronchoscopy plus bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for people with symptoms of VAP plus a new or enlarging infiltrate on chest x-ray. In both cases, VAP is not diagnosed when cultur ...

See also:

Ventilator-associated pneumonia, Ventilator-associated pneumonia - Symptoms and Signs, Ventilator-associated pneumonia - Diagnosis, Ventilator-associated pneumonia - Pathophysiology, Ventilator-associated pneumonia - Microbiology, Ventilator-associated pneumonia - Treatment, Ventilator-associated pneumonia - Prevention, Ventilator-associated pneumonia - Epidemiology and prognosis

Read more here: » Ventilator-associated pneumonia: Encyclopedia II - Ventilator-associated pneumonia - Diagnosis

Fire ants are symmetrical along the body, meaning that the left part is a mirror image of the right. They have hardened exoskeletons, meaning that they have no bones or internal supporting tissues, but tough integuments for support and protection. They breathe through their trachea. Their bodies can be classified into three major parts: head, thorax and abdomen. They have three pairs of legs, and a pair of antennae attached to the head. Just like other ants, the worker and soldier ants are sterile females. The queen is responsible for laying thousands of eggs. The number of males is low, because only ...

See also:

Red imported fire ant, Red imported fire ant - Overview, Red imported fire ant - Body structure, Red imported fire ant - Life cycle, Red imported fire ant - Spread, Red imported fire ant - Countermeasures

Read more here: » Red imported fire ant: Encyclopedia II - Red imported fire ant - Body structure

Seleucia on the Calycadnus — variously cited over the centuries as Seleucia [in] Cilicia, Seleucia [in,of] Isauria, Seleucia Trachea, and Seleucia Tracheotis — was founded by Seleucus I Nicator in the early 3rd century BCE, one of several named Seleucus after himself. It was located a few miles from the mouth of the Calycadnus (Greek Kalykadnos) River, near the older Orba (Oura). The site was doubtless selected as a protection against attacks from the sea. It had considerable commercial prosperity as the port of Isauria (Cilici ...

See also:

Silifke, Silifke - Economy, Silifke - History

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When the Romans first encountered the Isaurians (early in the 1st century BC), they regarded Cilicia Trachea as part of Isauria, which thus extended to the sea; and this extension of the name continued to be in common use for two centuries. The whole basin of the Calycadnus was reckoned Isaurian, and the cities in the valley of its southern branch formed what was known as the Isaurian Decapolis. The Isaurians were brought partially under control (76–75 BC) by the Romans. During the war of the Cilician and other pirates against Rome, ...

See also:

Isauria, Isauria - Roman domination, Isauria - Later history

Read more here: » Isauria: Encyclopedia II - Isauria - Roman domination

2002 Big killer - By disease conditions. Ischaemic heart disease 7,208,000 13% Cerebrovascular disease 5,509,000 10% Lower respiratory infections 3,884,000 7% HIV/AIDS 2,777,000 5% Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2,748,000 5% Perinatal conditions (low birthweight, birth asphyxia, birth trauma) 2,462,000 4% Diarrhoeal diseases 1,798,000 3% Tuberculosis 1,566,000 3% Malaria 1,272,000 2% Trachea/broncus/lung cancers 1 ...

See also:

Big killer, Big killer - United States deaths, Big killer - World Health Organization deaths, Big killer - By disease conditions, Big killer - By category

Read more here: » Big killer: Encyclopedia II - Big killer - World Health Organization deaths

A. aurita does not have respiratory parts such as gills, lungs, or trachea. Since it is a small organism, it respires by diffusing oxygen from water through the thin membrane. Within the gastrovascular cavity, low oxygenated water can be expelled and high oxygenated water can come in by ciliated action, thus increasing the diffusion of oxygen through cell (Rees, 1966). The large surface area membrane to volume ratio helps A. aurita to diffuse ...

See also:

Moon Jelly, Moon Jelly - General biology, Moon Jelly - Life cycle, Moon Jelly - Feeding, Moon Jelly - Filtering Grid, Moon Jelly - Body system, Moon Jelly - Predators, Moon Jelly - Aurelia aurita interaction

Read more here: » Moon Jelly: Encyclopedia II - Moon Jelly - Body system

If biopsy suggests esophageal cancer, treatment is determined by the stage of the disease. Establishing the stage of the disease, a process termed staging, usually involves computed tomography (CT scan) of the chest and abdomen. If bone metastasis is suspected (e.g. pain or fracture), a bone scan may be performed, and bronchoscopy may be performed if the tumor is suspected to involve the trachea or bronchi. In recent years endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been used increasingly to assess local lymph node involvement, and is c ...

See also:

Esophageal cancer, Esophageal cancer - Signs and symptoms, Esophageal cancer - Cause and risk factors, Esophageal cancer - Increased risk, Esophageal cancer - Decreased risk, Esophageal cancer - Diagnosis, Esophageal cancer - Staging, Esophageal cancer - Treatment, Esophageal cancer - General approaches, Esophageal cancer - Tumor treatments, Esophageal cancer - Follow-up and prognosis, Esophageal cancer - Epidemiology

Read more here: » Esophageal cancer: Encyclopedia II - Esophageal cancer - Staging

Oxygen is given with a small amount of continuous positive airway pressure ("CPAP"), and intravenous fluids are administered to stabilize the blood sugar, blood salts, and blood pressure. If the baby's condition worsens, a breathing tube is inserted into the trachea and intermittent breaths are given by a mechanical device. An exogenous preparation of surfactant, either synthetic or extracted from animal's lungs, is given through the breathing tube into the lungs. With these treatments, many babies will be breathing normally within 48-72 hou ...

See also:

Infant respiratory distress syndrome, Infant respiratory distress syndrome - Clinical course, Infant respiratory distress syndrome - Pathology, Infant respiratory distress syndrome - Pathophysiology, Infant respiratory distress syndrome - Prevention, Infant respiratory distress syndrome - Treatment, Infant respiratory distress syndrome - Famous victims

Read more here: » Infant respiratory distress syndrome: Encyclopedia II - Infant respiratory distress syndrome - Treatment

Malpighi used the microscope for studies on skin, kidney, and for the first interspecies comparison of the liver. He greatly extended the science of embryology. The use of microscopes enabled him to describe the development of the chick in its egg, and discovered that insects (particularly, the silk worm) do not use lungs to breathe, but small holes in their skin called tracheae. Later he falsely concluded that plants had similar tubules. However, he observed that when a ringlike portion of bark was removed on a trunk a swelling of the tissu ...

See also:

Marcello Malpighi, Marcello Malpighi - Academic career, Marcello Malpighi - Research, Marcello Malpighi - Years in Rome, Marcello Malpighi - Some of Malpighi's important works, Marcello Malpighi - Reference

Read more here: » Marcello Malpighi: Encyclopedia II - Marcello Malpighi - Research

Wherever he went, no matter how frail he was, he always promulgated humanized Buddhism. In November 1954, a checkup revealed that the master had long been inflicted with pulmonary tuberculosis. His lungs were calcified and the tracheae were abnormal. He needed to receive immediate medical treatment and get adequate rest. Still, he had to fly to the Philippines to give a series of lectures. When he finally returned to Taiwan, five months had passed. The trip took a heavy toll on his health. He barely had the strength to eat or talk. However, when people came to him with questions on Buddhism, ...

See also:

Yin Shun, Yin Shun - Biography, Yin Shun - Early years, Yin Shun - Quest for the Truth, Yin Shun - Discovering Buddhism, Yin Shun - Becoming a monastic, Yin Shun - Searching for the Dharma, Yin Shun - Decline of Buddhism in China, Yin Shun - Seeing the Buddha, Yin Shun - The Buddha in the World, Yin Shun - Achievements, Yin Shun - Encounter with Master Cheng Yen, Yin Shun - Signs of waning health, Yin Shun - Death and Funeral

Read more here: » Yin Shun: Encyclopedia II - Yin Shun - Signs of waning health

Thyroid: The thyroid gland produces hormones that are essential for normal body metabolism. This gland is located in the lower part of the neck, below the Adam's apple. The gland wraps around the windpipe (trachea).

(See also: Thyroid, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

Definition and meaning of spiracle:

spiracle - one of the external openings communicating with the air tubes (tracheae) or book lungs of certain arthropods; a tubular opening, formed from the modified first gill cleft, communicating with the gill cavity of certain ganoid (e.g., gar pike, bowfin) and all elasmobranch fishes

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

In human anatomy, the thymus is a ductless gland located in the upper anterior portion of the chest cavity. It is most active during puberty, after which it shrinks in size and activity in most individuals and is replaced with fat. The thymus plays an important role in the development of the immune system in early life, and its cells form a part of the body's normal immune system. The thymus is also present in many other animals. When animal thymus tissue is sold in a butcher shop or at a meat counter, thymus is known as sweetb ...

Including:

Thymus - Function Thymus - Anatomy Thymus - Development Thymus - Structure Thymus - Cancer

Read more here: » Thymus: Encyclopedia - Thymus