Encyclopedia - Conducting Zone: Encyclopedia - Conducting Zone
The conducting zone of the respiratory system is made up of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles. Conducting zone...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cricoid: Encyclopedia - Cricoid
The cricoid cartilage, or simply cricoid, is the only complete ring of cartilage around the trachea. It sits just inferior to the thyroid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Trachea: Encyclopedia Ii - Trachea - Vertebrate Trachea
The trachea, or windpipe, is a tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi in mammals, and from the pharynx to the syrinx in birds, car...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Throat: Encyclopedia - Throat
In anatomy, the throat is the part of the neck anterior to the vertebral column. It consists of the pharynx and larynx. The throat contai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arytenoid Cartilage: Encyclopedia - Arytenoid Cartilage
The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of small pyramid-shaped cartilages, at the upper rear of the larynx, to which the vocal cords are att...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cough: Encyclopedia - Cough
A cough is a sudden, often repetitive, spasmodic contraction of the thoracic cavity, resulting in violent release of air from the lungs, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Airway: Encyclopedia - Airway
The airways are those parts of the respiratory system through which air flows, to get from the external environment to the alveoli. The a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Breathe: Encyclopedia - Breathe
Breathe. For information of the respiratory system, see lung, diaphragm, trachea, gas exchange. For the band, see Breathe (band). For t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Choke: Encyclopedia - Choke
As a verb, to choke generally means to restrict airflow, or to suffer restricted airflow, whether caused by such a device or by accidenta...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vocal Tract: Encyclopedia - Vocal Tract
The vocal tract is that cavity in animals and humans, where sound that is produced at the sound source (larynx in mammals; syrinx in bird...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Hemoptysis: Encyclopedia - Hemoptysis
Hemoptysis (or "coughing up blood") is the expectoration of blood or of blood-stained sputum from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bronchus: Encyclopedia - Bronchus
A bronchus (plural bronchi, adjective bronchial) is a caliber of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. No gas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Air Sac: Encyclopedia - Air Sac
Air sac is an anatomical term with several meanings: Pulmonary alveolus, informally known as an air sac, one of innumerable spherical ou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cilicia: Encyclopedia - Cilicia
In ancient geography, Cilicia ("Ki-LIK-ya") formed a district on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), north of Cyprus. C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chokehold: Encyclopedia Ii - Chokehold - Anatomy Of A Chokehold
A few chokeholds (such as one version of Judo's hadaka jime) work by constricting the opponent's trachea, which restricts the air supply ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bronchus: Encyclopedia Ii - Bronchus - Anatomy
The trachea (windpipe) divides into two main bronchi, the left and the right, at the level of the sternal angle. The right main bronchus ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chest: Encyclopedia Ii - Chest - Chest Anatomy - Humans And Other Hominids
In hominids, the chest is the region of the body between the neck and the abdomen, along with its internal organs and other contents. It ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bronchitis: Encyclopedia Ii - Bronchitis - Pathophysiology
The initiating event in developing chronic bronchitis appears to be chronic irritation due to inhalation of certain substances (especiall...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Endotracheal Tube: Encyclopedia Ii - Endotracheal Tube - Procedure
It is inserted into the trachea, generally via the mouth, but sometimes through the nares of the nose (e.g. in extensive mouth surgery) o...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Khecari: Spiritual Sanskrit Dictionary On Khecari
Khecari - mudra; posture in which the tongue closes the openings into the throat of the nasal passage, pharynx and trachea.   (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Larynx: Encyclopedia Ii - Larynx - Structure
The structure of the larynx is mainly composed of cartilage bound by ligaments and muscle. At the front is the thyroid cartilage, creatin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Respiratory Tract: Encyclopedia Ii - Respiratory Tract - General Histology
The respiratory tract is covered in an epithelium, the type of which varies down the tract. There are glands and mucus producing goblet c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thyroid: Encyclopedia Ii - Thyroid - Anatomy
Thyroid - Gross anatomy. The thyroid is situated on the front side of the neck at the level of C5 to T1 vertebral bodies, just below th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Curare: Encyclopedia Ii - Curare - Curare And Anaesthesia
Muscle relaxants are used in modern anaesthesia for many reasons, such as providing optimal operating conditions and facilitating intubat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cass Elliot: Encyclopedia Ii - Cass Elliot - Myths
An urban legend holds that Elliot died while choking on a sandwich, sometimes stated as a "ham sandwich". Shortly after her death, but be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bronchitis: Encyclopedia Ii - Bronchitis - Pathophysiology
The initiating event in developing chronic bronchitis appears to be chronic irritation due to inhalation of certain substances (especiall...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Initiation Phonetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Initiation Phonetics - Glottalic Initiation
It is possible to initiate an airflow in the upper respiratory tract by means of the vocal cords or glottis. This is known as glottalic i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mersin: Encyclopedia Ii - Mersin - History
Since Mersin has always been a port city through history, the area was inhabited since 7th century BC, and was in the interest of many st...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: Encyclopedia Ii - Ventilator-associated Pneumonia - Diagnosis
VAP should be suspected in any person with symptoms of VAP, increasing numbers of white blood cells on blood testing, and new shadows (in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Red Imported Fire Ant: Encyclopedia Ii - Red Imported Fire Ant - Body Structure
Fire ants are symmetrical along the body, meaning that the left part is a mirror image of the right. They have hardened exoskeletons, mea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Silifke: Encyclopedia Ii - Silifke - History
Seleucia on the Calycadnus — variously cited over the centuries as Seleucia [in] Cilicia, Seleucia [in,of] Isauria, Seleucia Trachea, a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Isauria: Encyclopedia Ii - Isauria - Roman Domination
When the Romans first encountered the Isaurians (early in the 1st century BC), they regarded Cilicia Trachea as part of Isauria, which th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Big Killer: Encyclopedia Ii - Big Killer - World Health Organization Deaths
2002 Big killer - By disease conditions. Ischaemic heart disease 7,208,000 13% Cerebrovascular disease 5,509,000 10% Lower respiratory...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Moon Jelly: Encyclopedia Ii - Moon Jelly - Body System
A. aurita does not have respiratory parts such as gills, lungs, or trachea. Since it is a small organism, it respires by diffusing oxygen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Esophageal Cancer: Encyclopedia Ii - Esophageal Cancer - Staging
If biopsy suggests esophageal cancer, treatment is determined by the stage of the disease. Establishing the stage of the disease, a proce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Encyclopedia Ii - Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome - Treatment
Oxygen is given with a small amount of continuous positive airway pressure ("CPAP"), and intravenous fluids are administered to stabilize...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Marcello Malpighi: Encyclopedia Ii - Marcello Malpighi - Research
Malpighi used the microscope for studies on skin, kidney, and for the first interspecies comparison of the liver. He greatly extended the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yin Shun: Encyclopedia Ii - Yin Shun - Signs Of Waning Health
Wherever he went, no matter how frail he was, he always promulgated humanized Buddhism. In November 1954, a checkup revealed that the mas...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Thyroid: Health And Healing Dictionary On Thyroid
Thyroid: The thyroid gland produces hormones that are essential for normal body metabolism. This gland is located in the lower part of...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Spiracle: Oceanography Dictionary - Spiracle
  Definition and meaning of spiracle:   spiracle - one of the external openings communicating with the air tubes (trache...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thymus: Encyclopedia - Thymus
In human anatomy, the thymus is a ductless gland located in the upper anterior portion of the chest cavity. It is most active during pube...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bird: Encyclopedia - Bird
Birds are bipedal, warm-blooded, egg-laying vertebrates characterized primarily by feathers, forelimbs modified as wings, and hollow bone...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chest: Encyclopedia - Chest
The chest is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals. Chest - Chest anatomy - Humans and other hominids. In hominids, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cilium: Encyclopedia Ii - Cilium - Types And Distribution
Cilia are found in all animals, although nematodes and arthropods only have non-motile cilia on some sensory nerve cells. Cilia are rare ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Esophageal Cancer: Encyclopedia Ii - Esophageal Cancer - Treatment
Esophageal cancer - General approaches. The treatment is determined by the cellular type of cancer (adenocarcinoma or squamous cell car...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cardiac Tamponade: Encyclopedia Ii - Cardiac Tamponade - Diagnosis
Signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade can appear very similar to congestive heart failure. Usually, however, the differential diagnosis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bird: Encyclopedia Ii - Bird - Evolution
Birds are generally considered to have evolved from theropod dinosaurs. Specifically, birds are members of Maniraptora, a group of therop...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bronchitis: Encyclopedia Ii - Bronchitis - Features
Bronchitis - Signs and symptoms. The primary symptom of chronic bronchitis is a persistent cough that produces sputum. A patient may ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Exsanguination: Encyclopedia Ii - Exsanguination - Slaughter Of Animals
Exsanguination is used primarily in the meat industry, as a method of slaughter. Before any incision is made, a device called a captive b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cass Elliot: Encyclopedia Ii - Cass Elliot - Mama Cass
Elliot was widely considered the most charismatic member of the Mamas & the Papas due to her sense of humor and optimism, in part bec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pulmonary Alveolus: Encyclopedia Ii - Pulmonary Alveolus - Structure
The alveoli consist of an epithelial layer and extracellular matrix surrounded by capillaries. In some alveolar walls there are pores bet...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Effects Of Alcohol On The Body: Encyclopedia Ii - Effects Of Alcohol On The Body - Effects By Dose
The effects of alcohol on the body is as follows; Euphoria (BAC = 0.03 to 0.12 percent) They become more self-confident or daring. Their ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thyroid: Encyclopedia Ii - Thyroid - Physiology
The primary function of the thyroid is production of the hormones thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin. Up to 40% of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Brazilian Jiu-jitsu: Encyclopedia Ii - Brazilian Jiu-jitsu - Techniques
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu emphasizes ground fighting techniques and submission holds involving joint-locks and chokeholds. The premise is that ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lung: Encyclopedia Ii - Lung - Mammalian Lungs
The lungs of mammals have a spongy texture and are honeycombed with epithelium having a much larger surface area in total than the outer ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cardiac Arrest: Encyclopedia Ii - Cardiac Arrest - Treatable Causes
There are 8 reversible causes of cardiac arrest, known as the "4Hs and 4Ts". They are looked for and treated by ambulance technicians/par...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Neck: Encyclopedia Ii - Neck - Anatomy Of The Human Neck
Neck - Bony anatomy: The cervical spine. The cervical portion of the human spine comprises seven bony segments, typically referred to a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Respiratory System: Encyclopedia Ii - Respiratory System - Respiratory System In Humans And Animals
In humans and other mammals, the respiratory system consists of the airways, the lungs, and the respiratory muscles that mediate the move...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Treatment
No cure has yet been found for ALS. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the first drug treatment for the disease...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fume Hood: Encyclopedia Ii - Fume Hood - Recirculating Fume Hoods
Mainly for educational use, or where the design of a building does not permit the fitting of external ductwork, these units generally hav...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thymus: Encyclopedia Ii - Thymus - Structure
Each lateral lobe is composed of numerous lobules held together by delicate areolar tissue; the entire gland being enclosed in an investi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chokehold: Encyclopedia Ii - Chokehold - Types Of Chokeholds
Examples of chokeholds include rear naked choke, triangle choke and guillotine choke. These are very common in Judo and other grappling a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cass Elliot: Encyclopedia Ii - Cass Elliot - Cass Flies Solo
Elliot guest starred three times on Julie Andrews's 1973 television series, The Julie Andrews Hour. Cass's voice blended surprisingly wel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cardiac Arrest: Encyclopedia Ii - Cardiac Arrest - Diagnosis
Cardiac Arrest is defined as a heartbeat which does not result in efficient pumping of blood. In many cases, lack of carotid pulse is the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cardiac Arrest: Encyclopedia Ii - Cardiac Arrest - Treatment
Cardiac arrest - First aid. First aid treatment of cardiac arrest varies from country to country, but the general principles of the gui...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cardiac Tamponade: Encyclopedia Ii - Cardiac Tamponade - Pre-hospital Care For Emts
Definitive care requires in-hospital interventions. Prehospital interventions, even with Advanced Life Support-trained crews, cannot suff...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Esophageal Cancer: Encyclopedia Ii - Esophageal Cancer - Diagnosis
Although an occlusive tumor may be suspected on a barium swallow or barium meal, the diagnosis is best made with esophagogastroduodenosco...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Esophageal Cancer: Encyclopedia Ii - Esophageal Cancer - Follow-up And Prognosis
Patients are followed up frequently after a treatment regimen has been completed. Frequently, other treatments are necessary to improve s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fume Hood: Encyclopedia Ii - Fume Hood - Ducted Fume Hoods
Most fume hoods for industrial purposes are ducted. A large variety of ducted fume hoods exist. Air is removed from the workspace and dis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fume Hood: Encyclopedia Ii - Fume Hood - Use
To determine whether a chemical is likely to require a fume hood for safe usage, its MSDS should be consulted. If there is doubt, use a h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Esophageal Cancer: Encyclopedia Ii - Esophageal Cancer - Cause And Risk Factors
Esophageal cancer - Increased risk. There are a number of risk factors for esophageal cancer. Some subtypes of cancer are linked to par...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Esophageal Cancer: Encyclopedia Ii - Esophageal Cancer - Signs And Symptoms
Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) is the first symptom in most patients. Odynophagia (painful swallowing) may be present. Fluids and soft...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bird: Encyclopedia Ii - Bird - Respiration
Birds ventilate their lungs by means of crosscurrent flow: the air flows at a 90° angle to the flow of blood in the lungs' capillaries. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bronchitis: Encyclopedia Ii - Bronchitis - Diagnosis
A physical examination will often reveal decreased intensity of breath sounds (rhonchi) and extended expiration. A common test when evalu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bronchitis: Encyclopedia Ii - Bronchitis - Prognosis
Pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, and chronic respiratory failure are possible complications of chronic bronchitis. The prognosis fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cilium: Encyclopedia Ii - Cilium - Structure
Cilia are structurally identical to eukaryotic flagella, and the two terms are often used interchangeably. In general, though, the term c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thyroid: Encyclopedia Ii - Thyroid - Diseases Of The Thyroid Gland
Hyper- and hypofunction: Hypothyroidism Hashimoto's thyroiditis / thyroiditis Ord's thyroiditis Postoperative hypothyroidism Postpartum...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Effects Of Alcohol On The Body: Encyclopedia Ii - Effects Of Alcohol On The Body - Carcinogenic Effects
Small amounts of alcohol do not act as a carcinogen. However, many studies have shown that large amounts of alcohol greatly increase the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Effects Of Alcohol On The Body: Encyclopedia Ii - Effects Of Alcohol On The Body - Metabolism Of Alcohol And Action On The Liver
The liver contains a special enzyme (alcohol dehydrogenase) that breaks down alcohols into acetaldehyde, which is turned into acetic acid...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pulmonary Alveolus: Encyclopedia Ii - Pulmonary Alveolus - Alveolar Gas Pressures
Normal alveolar partial pressures for O2 and CO2 are 105 mmHg and 40 mmHg respectively. For dry air at sea level, the partial pressures f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pulmonary Alveolus: Encyclopedia Ii - Pulmonary Alveolus - Exchange Between Blood And Gas
The blood that enters the pulmonary capillaries is the systemic venous blood which enter the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. Due to dif...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Effects Of Alcohol On The Body: Encyclopedia Ii - Effects Of Alcohol On The Body - Action On The Brain
Ethanol is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and reaches the brain. As a small molecule, it is able to cross the blood-brain barrier....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Effects Of Alcohol On The Body: Encyclopedia Ii - Effects Of Alcohol On The Body - Intoxication
In small amounts, ethanol causes a mild euphoria and removes inhibitions. In large doses, ethanol acts as a central nervous system depres...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lung: Encyclopedia Ii - Lung - Avian Lungs
Birds have a complex but highly efficient crosscurrent exchange system in their lungs, accompanied by air sacs to control the flow of gas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thyroid: Encyclopedia Ii - Thyroid - Diagnosis
The measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels is often used by doctors as a screening test. Elevated TSH levels can signify...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Thyroid: Encyclopedia Ii - Thyroid - Treatment
Thyroid - Medical treatment. Levothyroxine is a stereoisomer of thyroxine which is degraded much slower and can be administered once da...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chest: Encyclopedia Ii - Chest - Chest Anatomy - Other Animals
In insects and other creatures with an exoskeleton, the area corresponding to the chest is called the thorax. In four legged mammals, the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pulmonary Alveolus: Encyclopedia Ii - Pulmonary Alveolus - Matching Air Supply And Blood Supply In Alveoli
For efficient gas exchange, the ratio of alveolar ventilation and capillary perfusion should be matched for each lung subunit. Ventilatio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Epidemiology
As many as 20,000 Americans have ALS, and an estimated 5,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with the disease each year. ALS is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bird: Encyclopedia Ii - Bird - Mating Systems And Parental Care
Sources for this section include: Gowaty, Patricia Adair: Male Parental Care and Apparent Monogamy among Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia Siali...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bird: Encyclopedia Ii - Bird - Other Anatomy
Birds possess a ventriculus, or gizzard, that is composed of four muscular bands that act to rotate and crush food by shifting the food f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bird: Encyclopedia Ii - Bird - Birds And Humans
Birds are an important food source for humans. The most commonly eaten species is the domestic chicken and its eggs, although geese, phea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Brazilian Jiu-jitsu: Encyclopedia Ii - Brazilian Jiu-jitsu - History
A Japanese judoka, prizefighter, and former member of the Kodokan named Mitsuyo Maeda emigrated to Brazil in the 1910s where a local infl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bird: Encyclopedia Ii - Bird - Reproduction
Although most male birds have no external sex organs, the male does have two testes which become hundreds of times larger during the bree...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bird: Encyclopedia Ii - Bird - Bird Orders
This is a list of the taxonomic orders in the class Aves. The list of birds gives a more detailed summary, including families. Struthion...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Symptoms
The onset of ALS may be so subtle that the symptoms are frequently overlooked. The earliest symptoms may include twitching, cramping, or ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Diagnosis
No one test can provide a definitive diagnosis of ALS, although the presence of upper and lower motor neuron signs in a single limb is st...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Encyclopedia Ii - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Cause
The cause of ALS is not known, and scientists do not yet know why ALS strikes some people and not others. An important step toward answer...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bird: Encyclopedia Ii - Bird - High-level Taxonomy
Birds form a class, whose scientific name is Aves. The founding species of class Aves probably lived in the Jurassic period. According to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cardiac Arrest: Encyclopedia Ii - Cardiac Arrest - Etiology
Coronary heart disease (commonly known as coronary artery disease, or CAD) is the predominant disease process associated with sudden card...   » Read the article