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toxin | A Wisdom Archive on toxin | | toxin A selection of articles related to toxin | |
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toxin, Toxin, Toxin - Non-technical usage, Toxin - Use, Apitoxin, Hemotoxin, Neurotoxin
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO toxin | | | |  toxin: Encyclopedia II - Bee - Eusocial and quasisocial beesBees may be solitary, or may live in various sorts of communities. The most advanced of these are eusocial colonies, found among the honeybees and stingless bees. Sociality is believed to have evolved separately in different groups of bees.
Eusocial bees live in colonies, each of which has a single queen, together with workers and drones. When humans provide a home for a colony, the structure is called a hive. A hive can typically contain up to about 40,000 individual bees at their annual peak ...
See also:Bee, Bee - Eusocial and quasisocial bees, Bee - Honeybee pheromones, Bee - Solitary and communal bees, Bee - Kleptoparasitic bees, Bee - Communication, Bee - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Bee: Encyclopedia II - Bee - Eusocial and quasisocial bees |
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| | | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - History of neuroimaging - Early uses of brain imaging The desire to understand the human mind has been one of the main desires of philosophers throughout the ages. Questions about thoughts, desires, etcetera have drawn psychologists, computer scientists, philosophers, sociologists and the like together into the new discipline of cognitive science. Non-invasive imaging of the human brain has proven invaluable in this context.
Structural imaging began with early radiographic techniques to image the human brain. Unfortunately, because the brain is almost entirely composed of soft tissue tha ...
See also:History of neuroimaging, History of neuroimaging - Early uses of brain imaging, History of neuroimaging - Development of modern techniques, History of neuroimaging - Recent breakthroughs, History of neuroimaging - Practical achievements of functional brain imaging, History of neuroimaging - Future implications Read more here: » History of neuroimaging: Encyclopedia II - History of neuroimaging - Early uses of brain imaging |
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| | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Bee - Miscellaneous Bees figure more prominently in myth than any other insect. See Bee (mythology).
Bees are the favorite meal of Merops apiaster, a bird. Other common predators are kingbirds, mockingbirds, and dragonflies.
Bee stings have also been reputed to help alleviate the associated symptoms of Multiple sclerosis, arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases. This is an area of ongoing research.
Bee's wings
Bee flying
Bee Taking off from flowers
A bee on a dandelion
Bee flying to almond flower
Bee landing on rosemary bush
Bee landing on rosemary bus ...
See also:Bee, Bee - Eusocial and quasisocial bees, Bee - Honeybee Queens, Bee - Honeybee pheromones, Bee - Solitary and communal bees, Bee - Kleptoparasitic bees, Bee - Communication, Bee - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Bee: Encyclopedia II - Bee - Miscellaneous |
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| | | | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Kawasaki disease - Signs and tests A physical examination will demonstrate many of the symptoms listed above. Procedures such as ECG and echocardiography may reveal signs of myocarditis, pericarditis, arthritis, aseptic meningitis, and coronary vasculitis.
Tests include:
Angiography
Complete blood count (CBC)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Electrocardiogram
Echocardiogram
Chest x-ray
Urinalysis
May show pus in the urine (pyuria)
May show p ...
See also:Kawasaki disease, Kawasaki disease - Incidence causes and risk factors, Kawasaki disease - Symptoms, Kawasaki disease - Signs and tests, Kawasaki disease - Treatment, Kawasaki disease - Prognosis, Kawasaki disease - Complications, Kawasaki disease - Reference Read more here: » Kawasaki disease: Encyclopedia II - Kawasaki disease - Signs and tests |
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| | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - History of neuroimaging - Development of modern techniques In 1927 Egas Moniz, professor of neurology in Lisbon, introduced cerebral angiography, whereby both normal and abnormal blood vessels in and around the brain could be visualized with great accuracy. In its early days this technique likewise carried both immediate and long-term risks, many of them referable to deleterious effects of the positive-contrast substances that were used for injection into the circulation. Techniques have become very refined in the past few decades, so that cerebral angiography remains an essential part of the neuros ...
See also:History of neuroimaging, History of neuroimaging - Early uses of brain imaging, History of neuroimaging - Development of modern techniques, History of neuroimaging - Recent breakthroughs, History of neuroimaging - Practical achievements of functional brain imaging, History of neuroimaging - Future implications Read more here: » History of neuroimaging: Encyclopedia II - History of neuroimaging - Development of modern techniques |
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| | | | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Fathers 4 Justice protests - Buckingham Palace protest The Fathers 4 Justice Buckingham Palace protest was an incident that took place in London, England on September 13, 2004. At 14:20 BST, a group of protesters appeared outside the front gates of Buckingham Palace, and as the palace security was distracted, Jason Hatch and David Pyke, members of Fathers 4 Justice, ascended over the perimeter fence of the palace. Hatch, dressed as the internationally known superhero Batman, and Pyke as sidekick Robin, unfurled a ladder and began climbing up to a roof of an attached building. Hatch made i ...
See also:Fathers 4 Justice protests, Fathers 4 Justice protests - Tower Bridge protest, Fathers 4 Justice protests - House of Commons protest, Fathers 4 Justice protests - Buckingham Palace protest Read more here: » Fathers 4 Justice protests: Encyclopedia II - Fathers 4 Justice protests - Buckingham Palace protest |
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| | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Kawasaki disease - Treatment Children with Kawasaki disease are hospitalized and care is normally shared between pediatric cardiology and infectious disease specialists, although no infectious agent has been demonstrated. It is imperative that treatment be started as soon as the diagnosis is made to prevent damage to the coronary arteries, heart, and eyes.
Intravenous gamma globulin is the standard treatment for Kawasaki disease and is administered in high doses. Marked improvement is usually noted within ...
See also:Kawasaki disease, Kawasaki disease - Incidence causes and risk factors, Kawasaki disease - Symptoms, Kawasaki disease - Signs and tests, Kawasaki disease - Treatment, Kawasaki disease - Prognosis, Kawasaki disease - Complications, Kawasaki disease - Reference Read more here: » Kawasaki disease: Encyclopedia II - Kawasaki disease - Treatment |
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| | | | | toxin: H7: Encyclopedia II - Escherichia coli O157:H7 - How is E. coli O157:H7 spread? The organism can be found on a small number of cattle farms and can live in the intestines of healthy cattle. Meat can become contaminated during slaughter, and organisms can be thoroughly mixed into beef when it is ground. Bacteria present on the cow's udders or on equipment may get into raw milk.
Eating meat, especially ground beef, that has not been cooked sufficiently to kill E. coli O157:H7 can cause infection. Contaminated meat looks and smells normal. Although the number of o ...
See also:Escherichia coli O157:H7, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - What is Escherichia coli O157:H7?, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - How is E. coli O157:H7 spread?, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - What illness does E. coli O157:H7 cause?, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - How is E. coli O157:H7 infection diagnosed?, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - How is the illness treated?, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - Long-term consequences of infection, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - Prevention, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - Technical information Read more here: » Escherichia coli O157:H7: Encyclopedia II - Escherichia coli O157:H7 - How is E. coli O157:H7 spread? |
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| | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Species used Rats and mice are used in large proportion because they are small, cheap, easy to handle and care for, and can produce up to 100 babies in a year. Albino rabbits are used in eye irritancy tests because they have less tear flow than other animals. Beagles and non-human primates are used in toxicity tests, surgery, dental experiments, and brain research. Most of the NHPs used are baboons, macaques, marmosets, and chimpanzees. The use of great apes, also known as Hominidae — humans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and orang utans — is prohibited in ...
See also:Animal testing, Animal testing - Terminology, Animal testing - Regulation, Animal testing - United States, Animal testing - Europe, Animal testing - Japan, Animal testing - Number of animals used, Animal testing - Species used, Animal testing - Types of experiment, Animal testing - Advancing scientific knowledge, Animal testing - Studying disease and developing medicines, Animal testing - Assessing the safety of chemicals, Animal testing - Controversy, Animal testing - Advocates of animal testing, Animal testing - Opponents of animal testing, Animal testing - Allegations of abuse, Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences, Animal testing - Covance, Animal testing - University of Cambridge, Animal testing - University of California Riverside, Animal testing - Columbia University, Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals, Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing Read more here: » Animal testing: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Species used |
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| | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Number of animals used Accurate global figures for animal testing are difficult to collect. The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) estimates that 100 million animals are experimented on around the world every year, 10–11 million of them in the European Union [35] (pdf) and 1,101,958 in the United States in 2004 [36] (pdf p.3). The Nuffield Council on Bioethics reports that "[e]stimates of the total number of animals used annually in research around the world are difficult to obtain and range from between 50 to 100 million animals" [37] (pdf). Animals bred for research then killed as surplus, or use ...
See also:Animal testing, Animal testing - Terminology, Animal testing - Regulation, Animal testing - United States, Animal testing - Europe, Animal testing - Japan, Animal testing - Number of animals used, Animal testing - Species used, Animal testing - Types of experiment, Animal testing - Advancing scientific knowledge, Animal testing - Studying disease and developing medicines, Animal testing - Assessing the safety of chemicals, Animal testing - Controversy, Animal testing - Advocates of animal testing, Animal testing - Opponents of animal testing, Animal testing - Allegations of abuse, Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences, Animal testing - Covance, Animal testing - University of Cambridge, Animal testing - University of California Riverside, Animal testing - Columbia University, Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals, Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing Read more here: » Animal testing: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Number of animals used |
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| | | | | toxin: H7: Encyclopedia II - Escherichia coli O157:H7 - Long-term consequences of infection Persons who only have diarrhea usually recover completely.
About one-third of persons with hemolytic uremic syndrome have abnormal kidney function many years later, and a few require long-term dialysis. Another 8% of persons with hemolytic uremic syndrome have other lifelong complications, such as high blood pressure, seizures, blindness, paralysis, and the effects of having part of their bowel removed.
There are currently long term studies continuing in Walkerton, Ontario looking at the long term effects of E. coli O157:H7 after approxi ...
See also:Escherichia coli O157:H7, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - What is Escherichia coli O157:H7?, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - How is E. coli O157:H7 spread?, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - What illness does E. coli O157:H7 cause?, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - How is E. coli O157:H7 infection diagnosed?, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - How is the illness treated?, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - Long-term consequences of infection, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - Prevention, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - Technical information Read more here: » Escherichia coli O157:H7: Encyclopedia II - Escherichia coli O157:H7 - Long-term consequences of infection |
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| | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Amin al-Husayni - Early life Amin al-Husayni was born in Jerusalem in 1895 (some sources say 1893). He attended Al-Azhar University in Cairo (where he founded an anti-Zionist society) and studied Islamic Law for about one year. In 1913 at the age of 18, al-Husayni made the pilgrimage to Mecca and received the honorific of Hajj. Prior to World War I, al-Husayni studied at the School of Administration in Istanbul.
With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, al-Husayni joined the Ottoman Turkish army, received a commission as an artillery officer and was assigned to t ...
See also:Amin al-Husayni, Amin al-Husayni - Early life, Amin al-Husayni - Palestinian nationalism, Amin al-Husayni - Nazi ties and World War II, Amin al-Husayni - Pre-war, Amin al-Husayni - In Nazi-occupied Europe, Amin al-Husayni - The Holocaust, Amin al-Husayni - Post-war activities, Amin al-Husayni - Mufti's influence, Amin al-Husayni - Footnotes Read more here: » Amin al-Husayni: Encyclopedia II - Amin al-Husayni - Early life |
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| | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Types of experiment There are a range of scientific uses of animals, which can be split into three broad and at times overlapping categories. The Nuffield Council on Bioethics, in its The ethics of research involving animals - a guide to the report (accessible from here [48]) has categorised them according to the subheadings below.
Animal testing - Advancing scientific knowledge.
‘Basic research’ increases scientific knowledge about the way animals and humans behave, or develop and function biologically. It is not ne ...
See also:Animal testing, Animal testing - Terminology, Animal testing - Regulation, Animal testing - United States, Animal testing - Europe, Animal testing - Japan, Animal testing - Number of animals used, Animal testing - Species used, Animal testing - Types of experiment, Animal testing - Advancing scientific knowledge, Animal testing - Studying disease and developing medicines, Animal testing - Assessing the safety of chemicals, Animal testing - Controversy, Animal testing - Advocates of animal testing, Animal testing - Opponents of animal testing, Animal testing - Allegations of abuse, Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences, Animal testing - Covance, Animal testing - University of Cambridge, Animal testing - University of California Riverside, Animal testing - Columbia University, Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals, Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing Read more here: » Animal testing: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Types of experiment |
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| | | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals Cosmetics testing is particularly controversial. It is banned in the Netherlands, Belgium, and the UK [78] (pdf), and in 2002, after 13 years of negotiations, the European Union agreed to ban cosmetic testing on animals in 2009, with a ban on products still tested on animals being introduced by 2014. News reports say France is the main reason behind the delays, with the French cosmetics industry allegedly exerting pressure on the government. [79]
Cosmetic testing on animals includes:
testing a finished product such as lip ...
See also:Animal testing, Animal testing - Terminology, Animal testing - Regulation, Animal testing - United States, Animal testing - Europe, Animal testing - Japan, Animal testing - Number of animals used, Animal testing - Species used, Animal testing - Types of experiment, Animal testing - Advancing scientific knowledge, Animal testing - Studying disease and developing medicines, Animal testing - Assessing the safety of chemicals, Animal testing - Controversy, Animal testing - Advocates of animal testing, Animal testing - Opponents of animal testing, Animal testing - Allegations of abuse, Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences, Animal testing - Covance, Animal testing - University of Cambridge, Animal testing - University of California Riverside, Animal testing - Columbia University, Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals, Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing Read more here: » Animal testing: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals |
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| | | | | toxin: H7: Encyclopedia II - Escherichia coli O157:H7 - How is the illness treated? Most persons recover without antibiotics or other specific treatment in 5-10 days. There is no evidence that antibiotics improve the course of disease, and it is thought that treatment with some antibiotics may precipitate kidney complications. Antidiarrheal agents, such as loperamide (Imodium), should also be avoided.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a life-threatening condition usually treated in an intensive care unit. Blood transfusions and kidney dialysis are often required. Wit ...
See also:Escherichia coli O157:H7, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - What is Escherichia coli O157:H7?, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - How is E. coli O157:H7 spread?, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - What illness does E. coli O157:H7 cause?, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - How is E. coli O157:H7 infection diagnosed?, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - How is the illness treated?, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - Long-term consequences of infection, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - Prevention, Escherichia coli O157:H7 - Technical information Read more here: » Escherichia coli O157:H7: Encyclopedia II - Escherichia coli O157:H7 - How is the illness treated? |
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| | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Allegations of abuse Undercover investigations by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) have documented and filmed what appear to be examples of animal abuse in laboratories.
Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences.
PETA filmed staff inside a British laboratory owned by Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS), Europe's largest animal-testing facility, punching puppies in the face, screaming at them, and simulating sex acts while taking blood samples. [65] (vid ...
See also:Animal testing, Animal testing - Terminology, Animal testing - Regulation, Animal testing - United States, Animal testing - Europe, Animal testing - Japan, Animal testing - Number of animals used, Animal testing - Species used, Animal testing - Types of experiment, Animal testing - Advancing scientific knowledge, Animal testing - Studying disease and developing medicines, Animal testing - Assessing the safety of chemicals, Animal testing - Controversy, Animal testing - Advocates of animal testing, Animal testing - Opponents of animal testing, Animal testing - Allegations of abuse, Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences, Animal testing - Covance, Animal testing - University of Cambridge, Animal testing - University of California Riverside, Animal testing - Columbia University, Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals, Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing Read more here: » Animal testing: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Allegations of abuse |
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