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toxin | A Wisdom Archive on toxin | | toxin A selection of articles related to toxin | |
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toxin, Toxin, Toxin - Non-technical usage, Toxin - Use, Apitoxin, Hemotoxin, Neurotoxin
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO toxin | | | | | |  toxin: Encyclopedia II - Biological warfare - HistoryThe use of biological agents is not new, but before the 20th century, biological warfare took three main forms:
deliberate poisoning of food and water with infectious material
use of microorganisms, toxins or animals, living or dead, in a weapon system
use of biologically inoculated fabrics
Biological warfare has been practised repeatedly throughout history. During the 6th Century B.C., The Assyrians poisoned enemy wells with a fungus that would make the enemy delusional. In 184 BC, Hannibal of Carthage had clay pots filled with poisonous snakes and instructed his soldiers to thr ...
See also:Biological warfare, Biological warfare - History, Biological warfare - Biological weapons characteristics, Biological warfare - Attacking Crops & Animals, Biological warfare - Protective measures, Biological warfare - The role of public health departments and disease surveillance, Biological warfare - Examples of biological warfare, Biological warfare - 1984 Rajneeshee salmonella attack, Biological warfare - 2001 anthrax attack Read more here: » Biological warfare: Encyclopedia II - Biological warfare - History |
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| | | | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Fathers 4 Justice protests - House of Commons protest The Fathers 4 Justice House of Commons protest, also dubbed The Fun Powder Plot, is an incident that took place on May 19, 2004. Two members of Fathers 4 Justice, Guy Harrison and Ron Davis, threw two condoms filled with purple-dyed flour into the chamber of the House of Commons, one of which hit Prime Minister Tony Blair.
The incident took place at 12:18 BST during the weekly Prime Minister's Questions session and was shown live on television across the world. Blair was surrounded by leading members of his Cabinet, incl ...
See also:Fathers 4 Justice protests, Fathers 4 Justice protests - Tower Bridge protest, Fathers 4 Justice protests - House of Commons protest, Fathers 4 Justice protests - Buckingham Palace protest Read more here: » Fathers 4 Justice protests: Encyclopedia II - Fathers 4 Justice protests - House of Commons protest |
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| | | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Bioterrorism - Types of biological agents
Bioterrorism - Category A agents.
These are biological agents with both a high potential for adverse public health impact and that also have a serious potential for large-scale dissemination. The Category A agents are anthrax, smallpox, plague, botulism, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers.
Anthrax
Anthrax is a bacterium with a highly resistant spore form. It is highly infectious and lethal when inhaled. It is a non-contagious disease which does not spread from one pe ...
See also:Bioterrorism, Bioterrorism - Types of biological agents, Bioterrorism - Category A agents, Bioterrorism - Category B agents, Bioterrorism - Category C agents, Bioterrorism - Biological warfare programmes and convention on biological weapons, Bioterrorism - Modern bioterrorist incidents, Bioterrorism - Planning and reacting to a bioterrorist attack, Bioterrorism - Plants as sensors, Bioterrorism - Publications Read more here: » Bioterrorism: Encyclopedia II - Bioterrorism - Types of biological agents |
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| | | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Biological hazard - Levels of Biohazard The United States' CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) categorizes various diseases in levels of biohazard; Level 1 being minimum risk and Level 4 being extreme risk.
Biohazard Level 1: Bacillus subtilis, canine hepatitis, E. coli, varicella (chicken pox).
Biohazard Level 2: Hepatitis B, hepatitis C, influenza, Lyme disease, West Nile virus, salmonella, scrapie
Biohazard Level 3: anthrax, typhus, HIV, SARS, tuberculosis, BSE, Smallpox, Yellow Fever, Mumps,
Biohazard Level 4: Ebola, Lassa virus, Hanta virus, Bolivian Fever, Dengue Fever and other ...
See also:Biological hazard, Biological hazard - Levels of Biohazard, Biological hazard - Fictional Biohazard Viruses, Biological hazard - External link Read more here: » Biological hazard: Encyclopedia II - Biological hazard - Levels of Biohazard |
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| | | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Warfarin - Uses
Warfarin - Medical use.
Warfarin is given to people with an excessive tendency for thrombosis. This can prevent growth or embolism (spread) of a thrombus. Common indications for warfarin use are atrial fibrillation, artificial heart valves, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
Therapeutic drug monitoring is required, as warfarin has a very narrow therapeutic index, which means the levels in the blood that are effective are close to the levels that cause bleeding. Dosing of warfarin is further com ...
See also:Warfarin, Warfarin - Mechanism of action, Warfarin - Uses, Warfarin - Medical use, Warfarin - Pesticide use, Warfarin - Source, Warfarin - Advantages and disadvantages, Warfarin - Pharmacokinetics and antagonism, Warfarin - Side effects, Warfarin - Interactions and contraindications, Warfarin - Overdose, Warfarin - History, Warfarin - Other coumarins, Warfarin - Notes Read more here: » Warfarin: Encyclopedia II - Warfarin - Uses |
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| | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Amin al-Husayni - Palestinian nationalism Viewing the Balfour Declaration as a betrayal of the Arabs by the British, al-Husayni organized violent anti-Zionist demonstrations in Jerusalem in 1920. His speeches called for unity with Syria, as he had not yet adopted the Palestinian nationalism for which he would become known a few years later.
One such demonstration, in April, 1920, turned into violent attacks against Jews, and in the ensuing riots 5 Jews and 4 Arabs were killed. Several Jews and Arabs were sentenced to prison terms for their parts in the riots, with al-Husayni being sentenced to ten years imprisonment in absentia, si ...
See also:Amin al-Husayni, Amin al-Husayni - Early life, Amin al-Husayni - Palestinian nationalism, Amin al-Husayni - Nazi ties and World War II, Amin al-Husayni - Pre-war, Amin al-Husayni - In Nazi-occupied Europe, Amin al-Husayni - The Holocaust, Amin al-Husayni - Post-war activities, Amin al-Husayni - Mufti's influence, Amin al-Husayni - Footnotes Read more here: » Amin al-Husayni: Encyclopedia II - Amin al-Husayni - Palestinian nationalism |
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| | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Kawasaki disease - Incidence causes and risk factors Kawasaki disease occurs mainly in Japan, though its incidence in the United States is increasing. Kawasaki disease is predominantly a disease of young children, with 80% of patients younger than 5 years of age, but no other contributing factors are known.
The causative agent of Kawasaki disease is still unknown. But current etiological theories center on immunological causes for the disease. Much research is being performed to discover a definitive toxin or antigenic substanc ...
See also:Kawasaki disease, Kawasaki disease - Incidence causes and risk factors, Kawasaki disease - Symptoms, Kawasaki disease - Signs and tests, Kawasaki disease - Treatment, Kawasaki disease - Prognosis, Kawasaki disease - Complications, Kawasaki disease - Reference Read more here: » Kawasaki disease: Encyclopedia II - Kawasaki disease - Incidence causes and risk factors |
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| | | | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Botulism - Infant botulism Infant botulism is the most common form of the ailment in the United States. The mode of action of this form is through actual infection by germinating spores in the gut of an infant. Infection results in constipation, general weakness, loss of head control and difficulty feeding. Because of these symptoms, infant botulism is often referred to as floppy baby syndrome.
Honey, corn syrup, and other sweeteners are potentially dangerous for infants. This is because the mixture of the non-acidic digestive juices of an infant, the hu ...
See also:Botulism, Botulism - Symptoms foodborne and wound forms, Botulism - Infant botulism, Botulism - Botulinum toxin, Botulism - Diagnosis, Botulism - Treatment, Botulism - Complications, Botulism - Prevention, Botulism - Reference Read more here: » Botulism: Encyclopedia II - Botulism - Infant botulism |
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| | | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Regulation
Animal testing - United States.
In the United States, animal testing is primarily regulated by the 1985 Animal Welfare Act, which is enforced by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). It contains provisions to ensure animals used in research receive humane care and treatment. [16] However mice, rats and birds are exempt, meaning over 95% of research animals in the USA are not covered by this legislation. [17] The Act does require each institution set ...
See also:Animal testing, Animal testing - Terminology, Animal testing - Regulation, Animal testing - United States, Animal testing - Europe, Animal testing - Japan, Animal testing - Number of animals used, Animal testing - Species used, Animal testing - Types of experiment, Animal testing - Toxicology tests, Animal testing - Drug testing, Animal testing - Controversy, Animal testing - Advocates of animal testing, Animal testing - Opponents of animal testing, Animal testing - Allegations of abuse, Animal testing - Huntingdon Life Sciences, Animal testing - Covance, Animal testing - University of Cambridge, Animal testing - University of California Riverside, Animal testing - Columbia University, Animal testing - Cosmetic testing on animals, Animal testing - Alternatives to animal testing Read more here: » Animal testing: Encyclopedia II - Animal testing - Regulation |
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| | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Cashew - Uses The cashew apple is used for its juicy but acidic pulp, which can be eaten raw or used in the production of jam, chutney, or various beverages. Depending on local customs, its juice is also processed and distilled into liquor or consumed diluted and sugared as a refreshing drink. In Goa, India, the cashew apple is the source of juicy pulp used to prepare fenny, a locally popular distilled liquor. The cashew apple contains much tannin and is very perishable. For this reason, in many parts of the world, the false fruit is simply discarded a ...
See also:Cashew, Cashew - Uses Read more here: » Cashew: Encyclopedia II - Cashew - Uses |
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| | | | | | toxin: Encyclopedia II - Chemical warfare - History
Chemical warfare - Chemical warfare in ancient and classical times.
Chemical weapons have been used for millennia in the form of poisoned arrows, but evidence can be found for the existence of more advanced forms of chemical weapons in ancient and classical times.
A good example of early chemical warfare was the late Stone Age (10 000 BC) hunter-gatherer societies in Southern Africa, known as the San. They used poisoned arrows, tipping the wood, bone and stone tips of their arrows with poisons obtained fro ...
See also:Chemical warfare, Chemical warfare - Chemical warfare technology, Chemical warfare - Chemical weapon agents, Chemical warfare - Chemical agent delivery, Chemical warfare - Sociopolitical climate of chemical warfare, Chemical warfare - Efforts to eradicate chemical weapons, Chemical warfare - Chemical weapon proliferation, Chemical warfare - History, Chemical warfare - Chemical warfare in ancient and classical times, Chemical warfare - The rediscovery of chemical warfare, Chemical warfare - Chemical warfare in World War I, Chemical warfare - Chemical warfare in the interwar years, Chemical warfare - Chemical warfare in World War II, Chemical warfare - Chemical warfare during the Cold War, Chemical warfare - Chemical weapons and terrorism Read more here: » Chemical warfare: Encyclopedia II - Chemical warfare - History |
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