Yuya (sometimes transliterated as Iouiya) was a powerful Egyptian courtier of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt (circa 1400 BCE). He served as a key adviser for Pharaoh Amenhotep III (father of Akhenaten) and is the only person in Egyptian history to have been granted the title "Beloved Father of Pharaoh". Yuya married Tjuyu, an Egyptian noblewoman descended from Ahmose Nefertari, and was the father of Tiy, who became Amenhotep's principal wife. Some scholars speculate that they also may have been the parents of Ay, an Egy ...

Including:

• Yuya - Yuya and Joseph
• Yuya - Resources

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Sketch map of the major tombs in the Valley The following is a list of who is buried where in the Valley of the Kings, in Thebes (modern Luxor in Egypt) and nearby areas. Egyptologists use the acronym KV (from the words "King's Valley") to designate tombs located in the Valley of the Kings. The system was established by John Gardiner Wilkinson in 1821. Each tomb in the Valley of t ...

Including:

• Burials in the Valley of the Kings - Original burials
• Burials in the Valley of the Kings - East Valley
• Burials in the Valley of the Kings - West Valley
• Burials in the Valley of the Kings - Deir el-Bahri

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14th century BC - Events. 1397 BC - Pandion, legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 40 years and is succeeded by his son Erechtheus II of Athens. 1344 BC – 1322 BC -- Beginning of Hittite empire. Rise of the Urnfield culture. 14th century BC - Significant persons. 1398 BC - Birth of Tiy to Egyptian nobleman Yuya and his wife Tjuyu. She later becomes the Chief Queen of Pharaoh Amenhotep III of Egypt and the matriarch of the Amarna ...

Including:

• 14th century BC - Overview
• 14th century BC - Events
• 14th century BC - Significant persons
• 14th century BC - Inventions discoveries introductions

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The Colossi of Memnon (known to locals as el-Colossat, or es-Salamat) are two massive stone statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. For the past 3400 years they have stood in the Theban necropolis, across the River Nile from the modern city of Luxor. The twin statues depict Amenhotep III (fl. 14th century BC) in a seated position. his hands resting on his knees and his gaze turned eastward toward the river and the rising sun. Two shorter figures are carved into the front throne alongside his legs: these are his wife Tiy and mo ...

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Kheperkheprure Ay (occasionally Aya or Aye) was the penultimate Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt's 18th dynasty. He held the throne of Egypt for a brief four-year period (probably 1325-1321 BC or 1327-1323 BC, depending which chronology is followed), although he was a close advisor to two (perhaps three) of the pharaohs who ruled before him and was the power behind the throne upon which his immediate predecessor sat. Ay's prenomen, Kheperkheprure, means "Everlasting are the Manifestations of Re." Ay - Amarna ...

Including:

• Ay - Amarna Period
• Ay - Titles
• Ay - Tutankhamun
• Ay - Rule as Pharaoh
• Ay - Aftermath

Read more here: » Ay: Encyclopedia - Ay

The Valley of the Kings, or Wadi el-Muluk (وادي الملوك) in Arabic, is a valley in Egypt where tombs were built for the Pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom, the Eighteenth through Twentieth Dynasties of Ancient Egypt. The valley is located at 25°44′N 32°36′E. It stands on the west bank of the Nile, across from Thebes (modern Luxor), under the peak of the pyramid-shaped mountain Al-Qurn. It is separated into the East and West Valleys, with most of the important tombs in the East Valley. The West ...

Including:

• Valley of the Kings - Geology
• Valley of the Kings - Important burials
• Valley of the Kings - East Valley
• Valley of the Kings - West Valley
• Valley of the Kings - Deir el-Bahri
• Valley of the Kings - Exploration of the Valley of the Kings
• Valley of the Kings - Grave robbers
• Valley of the Kings - Antiquity
• Valley of the Kings - Eighteenth Century
• Valley of the Kings - Nineteenth Century
• Valley of the Kings - Twentieth century
• Valley of the Kings - Twenty-first century
• Valley of the Kings - Tourism
• Valley of the Kings - Selected reading

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Centuries: 15th century BC - 14th century BC - 13th century BC Decades: 1410s BC 1400s BC 1390s BC 1380s BC 1370s BC - 1360s BC - 1350s BC 1340s BC 1330s BC 1320s BC 1310s BC 1360s BC - Events and trends. 1360s BC - Significant people. 1368 BC - Death of Erichthonius, mythical King of Dardania. 1366 BC - Birth of Princess Tadukhipa to Tusratta, King of Mitanni and his Queen Juni. She will be later married to Amenhotep III and after his death ...

Including:

• 1360s BC - Events and trends
• 1360s BC - Significant people

Read more here: » 1360s BC: Encyclopedia - 1360s BC

Centuries: 15th century BC - 14th century BC - 13th century BC Decades: 1380s BC 1370s BC 1360s BC 1350s BC 1340s BC - 1330s BC - 1320s BC 1310s BC 1300s BC 1290s BC 1280s BC 1330s BC - Events and trends. 1336 BC - Pharaoh Akhenaton of Egypt names Smenkhkare as a co-ruler. 1334 BC/1333 BC - Tutankhaten becomes Pharaoh of Egypt and marries Ankhesenpaaten, daughter and wife of his predecessor Akhenaton. 1331 BC - Pharaoh Tutankhaten of Egypt renames himself to Tut ...

Including:

• 1330s BC - Events and trends
• 1330s BC - Significant people

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Akhenaten, known as Amenhotep IV at the start of his reign, was a Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. He is thought to have been born to Amenhotep III and his Chief Queen Tiy in the year 26 of their reign (1379 BC or 1362 BC). Amenhotep IV succeeded his father after Amenhotep III's death at the end of his 38-year reign, possibly after a co-regency between the two of up to 12 years. Suggested dates for Akhenaten's reign (subject to the debates surrounding Egyptian chronology) are from 1353 BC-1336 BC or 1351 BC-1334 BC. Akhenaten's chief wife was Nefertiti, who has been made famous by her exquisitely pa ...

Including:

• Akhenaten - Atenist revolution
• Akhenaten - Depictions of the Pharaoh and his family
• Akhenaten - Problems of the reign
• Akhenaten - Plague and pandemic
• Akhenaten - Family
• Akhenaten - Burial
• Akhenaten - Succession
• Akhenaten - Akhenaten in the arts

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Nebmaatre Amenhotep III (called Nibmu(`w)areya in the Amarna letters) was an Egyptian pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty. According to different authors he ruled ca. 1389 BC-1351 BC, or 1391 BC-1353 BC, following on from his father Thutmose IV. With his Chief Queen Tiy, he fathered his second son, Akhenaten, who succeeded him on the throne. Amenhotep appears to have been crowned while still a child, perhaps between the ages of 6 and 12. His lengthy reign was a period of great peace, prosperity, and artistic splendour. He ...

Including:

• Amenhotep III - Death
• Amenhotep III - Bibliography

Read more here: » Amenhotep III: Encyclopedia - Amenhotep III

Tutankhamun's untimely death at the age of 18 or 19, together with his failure to produce an heir, left a power vacuum that his Grand Vizier was quick to fill: Ay is depicted in the famous treasures of the boy king's tomb conducting the funerary rights for the deceased monarch and assuming the role of heir. The grounds on which Ay based his claim to the throne are not entirely clear. He was certainly a powerful figure under Tutankhamun, as he had been under Akhenaten: in some records he is referred to as "regent", and he had been close to th ...

See also:

Ay, Ay - Amarna Period, Ay - Titles, Ay - Tutankhamun, Ay - Rule as Pharaoh, Ay - Aftermath

Read more here: » Ay: Encyclopedia II - Ay - Rule as Pharaoh

Yuya's facial features, as observed on his mummy, have led some archaeologists to postulate that he was actually Asiatic in origin. Some scholars have gone so far as to connect Yuya with the biblical story of Joseph, a son of Jacob and Rachel. They point out, inter alia, that the hieroglyph for "ya" is extremely similar to that for "sef", and thus that the name should in fact be read "Yusef". This view is opposed by Biblical literalists who note that the book of Exodus in the Torah states that the Israelites brought Joseph's bo ...

See also:

Yuya, Yuya - Yuya and Joseph, Yuya - Resources

Read more here: » Yuya: Encyclopedia II - Yuya - Yuya and Joseph

Nefertari was quite probably the only Royal wife, other than queen Tiy, to be deified during her lifetime. Ramesses' temple at Abu Simbel also has a smaller temple nearby dedicated to Nefertari and the goddess Hathor - a very unusual fact, as temples could only be dedicated to deities, not mortals. Her status is confirmed by the fact that she was depicted as part of her husband’s entourage, even during important voyages like a trip to Nubia in order to commission a new temple built at Abu Simbel. Nefertari is also depicted as being equal in size to Ramesses, a rarity indic ...

See also:

Nefertari, Nefertari - Biography, Nefertari - Status, Nefertari - Titles, Nefertari - Nefertari's Children

Read more here: » Nefertari: Encyclopedia II - Nefertari - Status

The Valley of the Kings has been a major area of modern Egyptological exploration for the last two centuries. Before this the area was a site for tourism in antiquity (especially during Roman times). This areas illustrates the changes in the study of ancient Egypt, starting as antiquity hunting, and ending as scientific excavation of the whole Theban Necropolis. It is interesting to note that despite all of the exploration and investigation noted below, only eleven of the tombs have actually been complete ...

See also:

Valley of the Kings, Valley of the Kings - Geology, Valley of the Kings - Important burials, Valley of the Kings - East Valley, Valley of the Kings - West Valley, Valley of the Kings - Deir el-Bahri, Valley of the Kings - Exploration of the Valley of the Kings, Valley of the Kings - Grave robbers, Valley of the Kings - Antiquity, Valley of the Kings - Eighteenth Century, Valley of the Kings - Nineteenth Century, Valley of the Kings - Twentieth century, Valley of the Kings - Twenty-first century, Valley of the Kings - Tourism, Valley of the Kings - Selected reading

Read more here: » Valley of the Kings: Encyclopedia II - Valley of the Kings - Exploration of the Valley of the Kings

Main article: Atenism A religious revolutionary, Amenhotep IV introduced Atenism in the first year of his reign, raising the previously obscure god Aten (sometimes spelt Aton) to the position of supreme deity. Aten was the name for the sun-disk itself — hence the fact that it is often referred to in English in the impersonal form "the Aten". The Aten was by this point in Egyptian history considered to be an aspect of the composite deity Ra-Amun-Horus. These previously separate deities had been merged with each other. A ...

See also:

Akhenaten, Akhenaten - Atenist revolution, Akhenaten - Depictions of the Pharaoh and his family, Akhenaten - Problems of the reign, Akhenaten - Plague and pandemic, Akhenaten - Family, Akhenaten - Burial, Akhenaten - Succession, Akhenaten - Akhenaten in the arts

Read more here: » Akhenaten: Encyclopedia II - Akhenaten - Atenist revolution

Amenhotep IV was married to Nefertiti at the very beginning of his reign, and the couple had six known daughters. This is a list with suggested years of birth: Meritaten - year 1. Meketaten - year 2. Ankhesenpaaten, later Queen of Tutankhamun - year 3. Neferneferuaten Tasherit - year 5. Neferneferure - year 6. Setepenre - year 8. His known consorts were: Nefertiti, his Great Royal Wife early in his reign. Kiya, a lesser Royal Wife. Meritate ...

See also:

Akhenaten, Akhenaten - Atenist revolution, Akhenaten - Depictions of the Pharaoh and his family, Akhenaten - Problems of the reign, Akhenaten - Plague and pandemic, Akhenaten - Family, Akhenaten - Burial, Akhenaten - Succession, Akhenaten - Akhenaten in the arts

Read more here: » Akhenaten: Encyclopedia II - Akhenaten - Family

Styles of art that flourished during this short period are markedly different from other Egyptian art, bearing a variety of affectations, from elongated heads to protruding stomachs, exaggerated ugliness and the beauty of Nefertiti. Significantly, and for the only time in the history of Egyptian royal art, Akhenaten's family was depicted in a decidedly naturalistic manner, and they are clearly shown displaying affection for each other. Nefertiti also appears beside the king in actions usually reserved for a Pharaoh, suggesting that she attai ...

See also:

Akhenaten, Akhenaten - Atenist revolution, Akhenaten - Depictions of the Pharaoh and his family, Akhenaten - Problems of the reign, Akhenaten - Plague and pandemic, Akhenaten - Family, Akhenaten - Burial, Akhenaten - Succession, Akhenaten - Akhenaten in the arts

Read more here: » Akhenaten: Encyclopedia II - Akhenaten - Depictions of the Pharaoh and his family

Born a commoner, Ay managed to rise through the hierarchy of Egyptian society under the "heretical" Pharaoh Akhenaten. One version of events maintains that he and his wife Tey were the parents of Akhenaten's chief wife, Nefertiti and that another of their daughters, Mutnedjmet, was the wife and queen of Horemheb, Ay's successor. Another version suggests that he was the son of Yuya and Tjuyu. Thus being a brother or half-brother of Tiy, brother-in-law of Amenhotep ...

See also:

Ay, Ay - Amarna Period, Ay - Titles, Ay - Tutankhamun, Ay - Rule as Pharaoh, Ay - Aftermath

Read more here: » Ay: Encyclopedia II - Ay - Amarna Period

There is much controversy around whether Amenhotep IV succeeded to the throne on the death of his father, Amenhotep III, or whether there was a co-regency (lasting as long as 12 Years according to some Egyptologists). Current literature by Eric Cline, Nicholas Reeves, Peter Dorman and other scholars comes out strongly against the establishment of a long coregency between the 2 rulers and in favour of either no coregency or a brie ...

See also:

Akhenaten, Akhenaten - Atenist revolution, Akhenaten - Depictions of the Pharaoh and his family, Akhenaten - Problems of the reign, Akhenaten - Plague and pandemic, Akhenaten - Family, Akhenaten - Burial, Akhenaten - Succession, Akhenaten - Akhenaten in the arts

Read more here: » Akhenaten: Encyclopedia II - Akhenaten - Succession

The tombs are numbered in the order of 'discovery' from Ramesses VII (KV1) to Tutankhamun (KV62), although some of the tombs have been open since antiquity, and KV5 has only recently been rediscovered. A number of the tombs are unoccupied, others owner's are unknown and some are merely pits used for storage. Only the principle tombs are noted here (these are the publically accessable or well known tombs). Valley of the Kings - East Valley. Most of the open tombs in the Valley of the Kings are ...

See also:

Valley of the Kings, Valley of the Kings - Geology, Valley of the Kings - Important burials, Valley of the Kings - East Valley, Valley of the Kings - West Valley, Valley of the Kings - Deir el-Bahri, Valley of the Kings - Exploration of the Valley of the Kings, Valley of the Kings - Grave robbers, Valley of the Kings - Antiquity, Valley of the Kings - Eighteenth Century, Valley of the Kings - Nineteenth Century, Valley of the Kings - Twentieth century, Valley of the Kings - Twenty-first century, Valley of the Kings - Tourism, Valley of the Kings - Selected reading

Read more here: » Valley of the Kings: Encyclopedia II - Valley of the Kings - Important burials