Organ transplant - Living. In living donors, the donor remains alive and donates a renewable tissue, cell, or fluid (e.g. blood, skin); or donates an organ or part of an organ in which the remaining organ can regenerate or take on the workload of the rest of the organ (primarily single kidney donation, partial donation of liver, small bowel, or pancreas). Living related donors donate to family members or friends in whom they have an emotional investment. The risk of surgery is offset by the psychological benefit of not losing someone related to them, or not seeing them s ...

See also:

Organ transplant, Organ transplant - Types of Transplant, Organ transplant - Autograft, Organ transplant - Allograft, Organ transplant - Xenograft, Organ transplant - Major Organs and Tissues Transplanted, Organ transplant - Solid Organs, Organ transplant - Tissues Cells and Fluids, Organ transplant - Types of Donor, Organ transplant - Living, Organ transplant - Deceased formerly cadaveric, Organ transplant - Special Types, Organ transplant - Split Liver Transplants, Organ transplant - Domino Transplants, Organ transplant - History, Organ transplant - Recent Developments, Organ transplant - Steroid-Free Immunosuppression, Organ transplant - Calcineurin-Inhibitor-Free Immunosuppression, Organ transplant - Paired-Donor Exchange, Organ transplant - Notable people having had organ transplants

Read more here: » Organ transplant: Encyclopedia II - Organ transplant - Types of Donor

Organ transplant - Steroid-Free Immunosuppression. Steroid-free immunosuppression is being pioneered on large scale with use of Campath-1H (a humanized monoclonal antibody developed at Cambridge Pathology Laboratories) induction at Northwestern University in Chicago and the University of Wisconsin at Madison. This would avoid the side-effects of steroids. While short-term outcomes are outstanding, long-term outcomes are still unknown. Organ transplan ...

See also:

Organ transplant, Organ transplant - Types of Transplant, Organ transplant - Autograft, Organ transplant - Allograft, Organ transplant - Xenograft, Organ transplant - Major Organs and Tissues Transplanted, Organ transplant - Solid Organs, Organ transplant - Tissues Cells and Fluids, Organ transplant - Types of Donor, Organ transplant - Living, Organ transplant - Deceased formerly cadaveric, Organ transplant - Special Types, Organ transplant - Split Liver Transplants, Organ transplant - Domino Transplants, Organ transplant - History, Organ transplant - Recent Developments, Organ transplant - Steroid-Free Immunosuppression, Organ transplant - Calcineurin-Inhibitor-Free Immunosuppression, Organ transplant - Paired-Donor Exchange, Organ transplant - Notable people having had organ transplants

Read more here: » Organ transplant: Encyclopedia II - Organ transplant - Recent Developments

There are three major types of white blood cells. White blood cell - Granulocytes. Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells, characterised by the fact that all types have differently staining granules in their cytoplasm on light microscopy. There are three types of granulocytes: neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils (named according to their staining properties). ...

See also:

White blood cell, White blood cell - Nomenclature, White blood cell - Types, White blood cell - Granulocytes, White blood cell - Lymphocytes, White blood cell - Monocytes, White blood cell - Diseases, White blood cell - Other tissue cells

Read more here: » White blood cell: Encyclopedia II - White blood cell - Types

Cerebral palsy - Soft Tissue. Soft tissue findings consist largely of decreased muscle mass. Cerebral palsy - Bones. In order for bones to attain their normal shape and size, they require the stresses from normal musculature. The osseous findings will therefore mirror the specific muscular deficits in a given patient. The shafts of the bones are often thin (gracile). When compared to these thin shafts (diaphyses) the metaphyses often appear quite enlarged (ballooning). With lack of use, articular carti ...

See also:

Cerebral palsy, Cerebral palsy - History, Cerebral palsy - Cause, Cerebral palsy - Incidence and prevalence, Cerebral palsy - Types, Cerebral palsy - Classified by group of muscles involved, Cerebral palsy - Classified by presentation, Cerebral palsy - Presentation signs and symptoms, Cerebral palsy - Imaging Findings, Cerebral palsy - Soft Tissue, Cerebral palsy - Bones, Cerebral palsy - Prognosis, Cerebral palsy - Treatment, Cerebral palsy - Usage of the term spastic

Read more here: » Cerebral palsy: Encyclopedia II - Cerebral palsy - Imaging Findings

Definition and meaning of tissue:

tissue - a group of cells with a specific function in the body of an organism. Tissues are composed of nearly identical cells and their products, and are organized into larger units called organs

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

From a utilitarian point of view the study of humans is the most important division of special anatomy, and this human anatomy may be approached from different points of view. From that of Medicine it consists of a knowledge of the exact form, position, size and relationship of the various structures of the healthy human body, and to this study the term descriptive or topographical human anatomy is given, though it is often, less h ...

See also:

Anatomy, Anatomy - Animal anatomy, Anatomy - Human anatomy, Anatomy - Major body systems, Anatomy - Organs, Anatomy - Bones in the human skeleton, Anatomy - Glands, Anatomy - Tissues, Anatomy - Externally visible parts of the human body, Anatomy - Other anatomic terms not classified

Read more here: » Anatomy: Encyclopedia II - Anatomy - Human anatomy

Programmed cell death has been classified into two main types: Apoptosis (or Type I cell death), is a particular form of programmed cell death and is described in that article. Autophagic (a.k.a. cytoplasmic, or Type II) cell death, characterized by the formation of large vacuoles that eat away organelles in a specific sequence before the nucleus is destroyed. (See Lawrence M. Schwartz et al.: "Do All Programmed Cell Deaths Occur Via Apoptosis?", PNAS 90(3) p. 980, 1 February. 1993[1]; and, for a mo ...

See also:

Programmed cell death, Programmed cell death - Types of programmed cell death, Programmed cell death - Programmed cell death in plant tissue, Programmed cell death - PCD in pollen prevents inbreeding, Programmed cell death - Programmed cell death in slime moulds, Programmed cell death - Evolutionary origin of PCD, Programmed cell death - Sources

Read more here: » Programmed cell death: Encyclopedia II - Programmed cell death - Types of programmed cell death

A complete (re-)construction of a penis is done on both cisgendered men who have lost their penis through either illness or accidents, and transmen, that is, female-to-male transgendered or transsexual people. The basic procedures are the same, although surgery on cisgendered men is usually a lot simpler, since the urethra still ends in the front of the genital area, whereas the urethra of transmen ends near the vaginal opening and has to be lengthened considerably. The lengthening of the urethra is the most difficult part of phall ...

See also:

Phalloplasty, Phalloplasty - Complete re-construction, Phalloplasty - Using a free graft from the arm or leg, Phalloplasty - Using a muscle from the belly, Phalloplasty - Using fatty tissue from the belly, Phalloplasty - Modifying an existing penis

Read more here: » Phalloplasty: Encyclopedia II - Phalloplasty - Complete re-construction

Much like other connective tissue, cartilage is composed of cells, fibers and a matrix. Cartilage - Cells. Chondrocytes and the precusor forms of chondrocytes known as chondroblasts are the only cells found in cartilage. Chondrocytes make up "cell nests," groups of chondrocytes within lacunae. Chondroblasts are responsible for the secretion and maintenance of the matrix. Chondroblasts encased in matrix develop into chondrocytes. The matrix immediately surrounding the chondrocytes is referred to as the t ...

See also:

Cartilage, Cartilage - Composition, Cartilage - Cells, Cartilage - Fibers, Cartilage - Matrix, Cartilage - Types of cartilage, Cartilage - Hyaline cartilage, Cartilage - Elastic cartilage, Cartilage - Fibrocartilage, Cartilage - Growth and development, Cartilage - Chondrification, Cartilage - Mineralisation, Cartilage - Appositional, Cartilage - Interstitial, Cartilage - Cartilage in fetal development, Cartilage - Diseases / Medicine, Cartilage - Fibrocartilage, Cartilage - Invertebrate cartilage

Read more here: » Cartilage: Encyclopedia II - Cartilage - Composition

The name "white cells" derives the from the fact that after centrifugation of a blood sample, the white cells are found in the Buffy coat, a small fraction between the hematocrit and the blood plasma, which is white in color (or sometimes green, if there are large amounts of neutrophils in the sample, which are high in green myeloperoxidase). Neutrophil granulocyte Eosinophil granulocyte Basop ...

See also:

White blood cell, White blood cell - Nomenclature, White blood cell - Types, White blood cell - Granulocytes, White blood cell - Lymphocytes, White blood cell - Monocytes, White blood cell - Diseases, White blood cell - Other tissue cells

Read more here: » White blood cell: Encyclopedia II - White blood cell - Nomenclature

There are many different types of white blood cells. Here are the most basic kinds: White blood cell - Granulocytes. Granulocytes are a category of white blood cells, characterised by the fact that all types have differently staining granules in their cytoplasm on light microscopy. There are three types of granulocytes: neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils (named according to their staining properties). ...

See also:

White blood cell, White blood cell - Nomenclature, White blood cell - Types, White blood cell - Granulocytes, White blood cell - Lymphocytes, White blood cell - Monocytes, White blood cell - Diseases, White blood cell - Other tissue cells

Read more here: » White blood cell: Encyclopedia II - White blood cell - Types

Organ transplant - Split Liver Transplants. Sometimes, a deceased-donor liver may be divided between two recipients, especially an adult and a child. This is uncommon as the outcomes are worse for both patients than had they received the whole organ. Organ transplant - Domino Transplants. This operation is usually performed for cystic fibrosis as both lungs need to be replaced and it is a technically easier operation to replace the heart and lungs en bloc. As the recipient's na ...

See also:

Organ transplant, Organ transplant - Types of Transplant, Organ transplant - Autograft, Organ transplant - Allograft, Organ transplant - Xenograft, Organ transplant - Major Organs and Tissues Transplanted, Organ transplant - Solid Organs, Organ transplant - Tissues Cells and Fluids, Organ transplant - Types of Donor, Organ transplant - Living, Organ transplant - Deceased formerly cadaveric, Organ transplant - Special Types, Organ transplant - Split Liver Transplants, Organ transplant - Domino Transplants, Organ transplant - History, Organ transplant - Recent Developments, Organ transplant - Steroid-Free Immunosuppression, Organ transplant - Calcineurin-Inhibitor-Free Immunosuppression, Organ transplant - Paired-Donor Exchange, Organ transplant - Notable people having had organ transplants

Read more here: » Organ transplant: Encyclopedia II - Organ transplant - Special Types

Successful inter-human allotransplants have a relatively long history; the operative skills were present long before the necessities for post-operative survival were discovered. Rejection and the side effects of preventing rejection (especially infection and nephropathy) were, are, and may always be the key problem. Several apocryphal accounts of transplants exist well prior to the scientific understanding and advancements that would be necessary for them to have actually occurred. The Chinese physician Pien Ch-iao reportedly exchange ...

See also:

Organ transplant, Organ transplant - Types of Transplant, Organ transplant - Autograft, Organ transplant - Allograft, Organ transplant - Xenograft, Organ transplant - Major Organs and Tissues Transplanted, Organ transplant - Solid Organs, Organ transplant - Tissues Cells and Fluids, Organ transplant - Types of Donor, Organ transplant - Living, Organ transplant - Deceased formerly cadaveric, Organ transplant - Special Types, Organ transplant - Split Liver Transplants, Organ transplant - Domino Transplants, Organ transplant - History, Organ transplant - Recent Developments, Organ transplant - Steroid-Free Immunosuppression, Organ transplant - Calcineurin-Inhibitor-Free Immunosuppression, Organ transplant - Paired-Donor Exchange, Organ transplant - Notable people having had organ transplants

Read more here: » Organ transplant: Encyclopedia II - Organ transplant - History

The social slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum has the peculiarity of adopting either a predatory amoeba-like behavior in its unicellular form, or coalescing into a mobile slug-like form when subjected to food deprivation. The slug proceeds to grow a stalk, and, on top of it, a fruiting body that can disperse spores that will give birth to the next generation of ground-living, amoebae-like D. discoideum individuals[6]. The stalk is composed of dead cells that have undergone a type of PCD that shares many features of aut ...

See also:

Programmed cell death, Programmed cell death - Types of programmed cell death, Programmed cell death - Programmed cell death in plant tissue, Programmed cell death - PCD in pollen prevents inbreeding, Programmed cell death - Programmed cell death in slime moulds, Programmed cell death - Evolutionary origin of PCD, Programmed cell death - Sources

Read more here: » Programmed cell death: Encyclopedia II - Programmed cell death - Programmed cell death in slime moulds

Biologists had long suspected that mitochondria originated from bacteria that had been incorporated as endosymbionts (that is, a living body "living together inside") of larger, eukaryotic cells. It was Lynn Margulis who, since 1967, began championing this theory, that has since been widely accepted (see "The Birth of Complex Cells", by Christian de Duve, Scientific American Vol. 274, 4, April, 1996). The most convincing evidence for this theory is the fact that mitochondria have their own D ...

See also:

Programmed cell death, Programmed cell death - Types of programmed cell death, Programmed cell death - Programmed cell death in plant tissue, Programmed cell death - PCD in pollen prevents inbreeding, Programmed cell death - Programmed cell death in slime moulds, Programmed cell death - Evolutionary origin of PCD, Programmed cell death - Sources

Read more here: » Programmed cell death: Encyclopedia II - Programmed cell death - Evolutionary origin of PCD

Much like other connective tissue, cartilage is composed of cells, fibers and a matrix. Cartilage - Cells. Chondrocytes and the precusor forms of chondrocytes known as chondroblasts are the only cells found in cartilage. They are responsible for the secretion and maintenance of the matrix. The matrix immediately surrounding the chondrocytes is referred to as the territorial matrix and stains darker than the interstitial matrix. Chondrocytes lie in a cavity called a lacuna. During slide preparations, chondrocytes often shrink and appear smaller than the lacunae but in ...

See also:

Cartilage, Cartilage - Composition, Cartilage - Cells, Cartilage - Fibers, Cartilage - Matrix, Cartilage - Types of cartilage, Cartilage - Hyaline cartilage, Cartilage - Elastic cartilage, Cartilage - Fibrocartilage, Cartilage - Growth and development, Cartilage - Chondrification, Cartilage - Mineralisation, Cartilage - Appositional, Cartilage - Interstitial, Cartilage - Cartilage in fetal development, Cartilage - Diseases / Medicine, Cartilage - Fibrocartilage, Cartilage - Invertebrate cartilage

Read more here: » Cartilage: Encyclopedia II - Cartilage - Composition

The proteins of the sample are separated according to molecular weight using gel electrophoresis. Gels have various formulations depending on the lab, molecular weight of the proteins of interest, and buffers available. Polyacrylamide gels are most common. Since the proteins travel only in one dimension along the gel, samples are loaded side-by-side into "wells" formed in the gel. Proteins are separated by mass into "bands" within each "lane" formed under the wells. One lane is reserved for a "marker," or "ladder," a commercially available m ...

See also:

Western blot, Western blot - Tissue preparation, Western blot - Gel electrophoresis, Western blot - Transfer, Western blot - Blocking, Western blot - Detection, Western blot - Two step, Western blot - One step, Western blot - Analysis, Western blot - Colorimetric detection, Western blot - Chemiluminescence, Western blot - Radioactive detection, Western blot - Fluorescent detection, Western blot - Secondary probing

Read more here: » Western blot: Encyclopedia II - Western blot - Gel electrophoresis

After the unbound probes are washed away, the western blot is ready for detection of the probes that are labeled and bound to the protein of interest. In practical terms, not all westerns reveal protein only at one band in a membrane. Size approximations are taken by comparing the stained bands to that of the marker or ladder loaded during electrophoresis. The process is repeated for a structural protein, such as actin or tubulin, that should not change between samples. The amount of target protein is indexed to the structural protein to con ...

See also:

Western blot, Western blot - Tissue preparation, Western blot - Gel electrophoresis, Western blot - Transfer, Western blot - Blocking, Western blot - Detection, Western blot - Two step, Western blot - One step, Western blot - Analysis, Western blot - Colorimetric detection, Western blot - Chemiluminescence, Western blot - Radioactive detection, Western blot - Fluorescent detection, Western blot - Secondary probing

Read more here: » Western blot: Encyclopedia II - Western blot - Analysis

The name "white cells" derives the from the fact that after centrifugation of a blood sample, the white cells are found in the Buffy coat, a small fraction between the hematocrit and the blood plasma, which is white in color (or sometimes green, if there are large amounts of neutrophils in the sample, which are high in green myeloperoxidase). Any of various blood cells that have a nucleus and cytoplasm, separate into a thin white layer when whole blood is centrifuged, and help protect the body from infection and disease. White blood cells include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Al ...

See also:

White blood cell, White blood cell - Nomenclature, White blood cell - Types, White blood cell - Granulocytes, White blood cell - Lymphocytes, White blood cell - Monocytes, White blood cell - Diseases, White blood cell - Other tissue cells

Read more here: » White blood cell: Encyclopedia II - White blood cell - Nomenclature

Ambient pressure is the pressure in the water around the diver (or the air, with caisson workers etc). As a diver descends, the ambient pressure increases. At 10 meters (33 feet) in salt water, it is twice the normal pressure on land at sea level. At 40 meters (the recommended safety limit for recreational diving) it is 5 times the pressure at sea level. Pressure decreases as we rise above sea level, but less dramatically. At 3000 feet altitude (almost 1000 meters), the ambient pressure is almost 90% of sea level pressure. Ambient pressure does not drop to 50% of seal level pressu ...

See also:

Dysbarism, Dysbarism - Ambient pressure, Dysbarism - Effects of pressure on the body, Dysbarism - Direct effects on tissues, Dysbarism - Air spaces, Dysbarism - Dissolved gas, Dysbarism - Types of dysbarism, Dysbarism - Decompression sickness DCS, Dysbarism - Arterial Gas Embolism AGE, Dysbarism - Nitrogen narcosis, Dysbarism - High pressure nervous syndrome HPNS, Dysbarism - Barotrauma

Read more here: » Dysbarism: Encyclopedia II - Dysbarism - Ambient pressure

Different types of illness result from increases in pressure (e.g. descent during a SCUBA dive, descent during a plane flight), versus decreases in pressure (e.g. coming up from a caisson, or ascending a mountain). Dysbarism comprises several types of illness: Dysbarism - Decompression sickness DCS. Decompression sickness, also called caisson workers' disease and the bends, is the most well-known complication of scuba diving. It occurs as divers ascend, and often from ascending too fast or without d ...

See also:

Dysbarism, Dysbarism - Ambient pressure, Dysbarism - Effects of pressure on the body, Dysbarism - Direct effects on tissues, Dysbarism - Air spaces, Dysbarism - Dissolved gas, Dysbarism - Types of dysbarism, Dysbarism - Decompression sickness DCS, Dysbarism - Arterial Gas Embolism AGE, Dysbarism - Nitrogen narcosis, Dysbarism - High pressure nervous syndrome HPNS, Dysbarism - Barotrauma

Read more here: » Dysbarism: Encyclopedia II - Dysbarism - Types of dysbarism

Meat essentially consists of animal muscle. There are loosely two approaches for production of in vitro meat; loose muscle cells and structured muscle, the latter one being vastly more challenging than the former. Muscles consist of muscle fibers, long cells with multiple nuclei. They don't proliferate by themselves, but arise when precursor cells fuse. Precursor cells can be embryonic stem cells or satellite cells, specialized stem cells in muscle tissue. Theoretically, they can relatively simple be cultured in a bioreactor and then later m ...

See also:

In vitro meat, In vitro meat - Related, In vitro meat - Process and patent, In vitro meat - Arguments in favor, In vitro meat - Reduced animal suffering, In vitro meat - Health, In vitro meat - Environment, In vitro meat - Space food, In vitro meat - Arguments against, In vitro meat - Animals are still used, In vitro meat - Artificiality, In vitro meat - Quality safety and health, In vitro meat - Differences from traditionally produced meat, In vitro meat - Economic impact, In vitro meat - Research, In vitro meat - Fiction

Read more here: » In vitro meat: Encyclopedia II - In vitro meat - Process and patent