List of ICD-9 codes - arthropathies and related disorders 710-719. (710) Diffuse diseases of connective tissue (710.0) Systemic lupus erythematosus (710.2) Sjšgren's disease (710.3) Dermatomyositis (710.4) Polymyositis (710.5) Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome (710.9) Connective tissue disease, unspec. (711) Arthropathy associated with infections (711.59) Arthropathy, other viral, multiple ...

See also:

List of ICD-9 codes, List of ICD-9 codes - 1. Infectious and parasitic diseases 001-139, List of ICD-9 codes - Intestinal infectious diseases 001-009, List of ICD-9 codes - tuberculosis 010-018, List of ICD-9 codes - zoonotic bacterial diseases 020-027, List of ICD-9 codes - other bacterial diseases 030-041, List of ICD-9 codes - human immunodeficiency virus hiv infection 042-044, List of ICD-9 codes - poliomyelitis and other non-arthropod-borne viral diseases of central nervous system 045-049, List of ICD-9 codes - viral diseases accompanied by exanthem 050-057, List of ICD-9 codes - arthropod-borne viral diseases 060-066, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases due to viruses and chlamydiae 070-079, List of ICD-9 codes - rickettsioses and other arthropod-borne diseases 080-088, List of ICD-9 codes - syphilis and other venereal diseases 090-099, List of ICD-9 codes - other spirochetal diseases 100-104, List of ICD-9 codes - mycoses 110-118, List of ICD-9 codes - helminthiases 120-129, List of ICD-9 codes - other infectious and parasitic diseases 130-136, List of ICD-9 codes - late effects of infectious and parasitic diseases 137-139, List of ICD-9 codes - 2. Neoplasms 140-239, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of lip oral cavity and pharynx 140-149, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of digestive organs and peritoneum 150-159, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of respiratory and intrathoracic organs 160-165, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of bone connective tissue skin and breast 170-176, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of genitourinary organs 179-189, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified sites 190-199, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue 200-208, List of ICD-9 codes - benign neoplasms 210-229, List of ICD-9 codes - carcinoma in situ 230-234, List of ICD-9 codes - neoplasms of uncertain behavior 235-238, List of ICD-9 codes - neoplasms of unspecified nature 239-239, List of ICD-9 codes - 3. Endocrine nutritional and metabolic diseases and immunity disorders 240-279, List of ICD-9 codes - disorders of thyroid gland 240-246, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of other endocrine glands 250-259, List of ICD-9 codes - nutritional deficiencies 260-269, List of ICD-9 codes - other metabolic and immunity disorders 270-279, List of ICD-9 codes - 4. Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs 280-289, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs 280-289, List of ICD-9 codes - 5. Mental disorders 290-319, List of ICD-9 codes - psychoses 290-299, List of ICD-9 codes - organic psychotic conditions 290-294, List of ICD-9 codes - other psychoses 295-299, List of ICD-9 codes - neurotic disorders personality disorders and other nonpsychotic mental disorders 300-316, List of ICD-9 codes - mental retardation 317-319, List of ICD-9 codes - 6. Diseases of the nervous system and sense organs 320-389, List of ICD-9 codes - inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system 320-326, List of ICD-9 codes - hereditary and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system 330-337, List of ICD-9 codes - other disorders of the central nervous system 340-349, List of ICD-9 codes - disorders of the peripheral nervous system 350-359, List of ICD-9 codes - disorders of the eye and adnexa 360-379, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of the ear and mastoid process 380-389, List of ICD-9 codes - 7. Diseases of the circulatory system 390-459, List of ICD-9 codes - acute rheumatic fever 390-392, List of ICD-9 codes - chronic rheumatic heart disease 393-398, List of ICD-9 codes - hypertensive disease 401-405, List of ICD-9 codes - ischemic heart disease 410-414, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of pulmonary circulation 415-417, List of ICD-9 codes - other forms of heart disease 420-429, List of ICD-9 codes - cerebrovascular disease 430-438, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of arteries arterioles and capillaries 440-448, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of veins and lymphatics and other diseases of circulatory system 451-459, List of ICD-9 codes - 8. Diseases of the respiratory system 460-519, List of ICD-9 codes - acute respiratory infections 460-466, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of the upper respiratory tract 470-478, List of ICD-9 codes - pneumonia and influenza 480-487, List of ICD-9 codes - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allied conditions 490-496, List of ICD-9 codes - pneumoconioses and other lung diseases due to external agents 500-508, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of respiratory system 510-519, List of ICD-9 codes - 9. Diseases of the digestive system 520-579, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of oral cavity salivary glands and jaws 520-529, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of esophagus stomach and duodenum 530-537, List of ICD-9 codes - appendicitis 540-543, List of ICD-9 codes - hernia of abdominal cavity 550-553, List of ICD-9 codes - noninfectious enteritis and colitis 555-558, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of intestines and peritoneum 560-569, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of digestive system 570-579, List of ICD-9 codes - 10. Diseases of the genitourinary system 580-629, List of ICD-9 codes - nephritis nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 580-589, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of urinary system 590-599, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of male genital organs 600-608, List of ICD-9 codes - disorders of breast 610-611, List of ICD-9 codes - inflammatory disease of female pelvic organs 614-616, List of ICD-9 codes - other disorders of female genital tract 617-629, List of ICD-9 codes - 11. Complications of pregnancy childbirth and the puerperium 630-676, List of ICD-9 codes - ectopic and molar pregnancy 630-633, List of ICD-9 codes - other pregnancy with abortive outcome 634-639, List of ICD-9 codes - complications mainly related to pregnancy 640-648, List of ICD-9 codes - normal delivery and other indications for care in pregnancy labor and delivery 650-659, List of ICD-9 codes - complications occurring mainly in the course of labor and delivery 660-669, List of ICD-9 codes - complications of the puerperium 670-676, List of ICD-9 codes - 12. Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue 680-709, List of ICD-9 codes - infections of skin and subcutaneous tissue 680-686, List of ICD-9 codes - other inflammatory conditions of skin and subcutaneous tissue 690-698, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue 700-709, List of ICD-9 codes - 13. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue 710-739, List of ICD-9 codes - arthropathies and related disorders 710-719, List of ICD-9 codes - dorsopathies 720-724, List of ICD-9 codes - rheumatism excluding the back 725-729, List of ICD-9 codes - osteopathies chondropathies and acquired musculoskeletal deformities 730-739, List of ICD-9 codes - 14. Congenital anomalies 740-759, List of ICD-9 codes - congenital anomalies 740-759, List of ICD-9 codes - 15. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 760-779, List of ICD-9 codes - maternal causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality 760-763, List of ICD-9 codes - other conditions originating in the perinatal period 764-779, List of ICD-9 codes - 16. Symptoms signs and ill-defined conditions 780-799, List of ICD-9 codes - symptoms 780-789, List of ICD-9 codes - nonspecific abnormal findings 790-796, List of ICD-9 codes - ill-defined and unknown causes of morbidity and mortality 797-799, List of ICD-9 codes - 17. Injury and poisoning 800-999, List of ICD-9 codes - fracture of skull 800-804, List of ICD-9 codes - fracture of neck and trunk 805-809, List of ICD-9 codes - fracture of upper limb 810-819, List of ICD-9 codes - fracture of lower limb 820-829, List of ICD-9 codes - dislocation 830-839, List of ICD-9 codes - sprains and strains of joints and adjacent muscles 840-848, List of ICD-9 codes - intracranial injury excluding those with skull fracture 850-854, List of ICD-9 codes - internal injury of thorax abdomen and pelvis 860-869, List of ICD-9 codes - open wound of head neck and trunk 870-879, List of ICD-9 codes - open wound 870-897, List of ICD-9 codes - open wound of upper limb 880-887, List of ICD-9 codes - open wound of lower limb 890-897, List of ICD-9 codes - injury to blood vessels 900-904, List of ICD-9 codes - late effects of injuries poisonings toxic effects and other external causes 905-909, List of ICD-9 codes - superficial injury 910-919, List of ICD-9 codes - contusion with intact skin surface 920-924, List of ICD-9 codes - crushing injury 925-929, List of ICD-9 codes - effects of foreign body entering through orifice 930-939, List of ICD-9 codes - burns 940-949, List of ICD-9 codes - injury to nerves and spinal cord 950-957, List of ICD-9 codes - certain traumatic complications and unspecified injuries 958-959, List of ICD-9 codes - poisoning by drugs medicinal and biological substances 960-979, List of ICD-9 codes - toxic effects of substances chiefly nonmedicinal as to source 980-989, List of ICD-9 codes - other and unspecified effects of external causes 990-995, List of ICD-9 codes - complications of surgical and medical care not elsewhere classified 996-999, List of ICD-9 codes - E section -- External causes of injury, List of ICD-9 codes - V codes -- Supplementary classification of factors influencing health status and contact with health services

Read more here: » List of ICD-9 codes: Encyclopedia II - List of ICD-9 codes - 13. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue 710-739

List of ICD-9 codes - infections of skin and subcutaneous tissue 680-686. (680) Carbuncle and furuncle (680.0) Boil, face (680.1) Boil, neck (680.2) Boil, trunk (680.5) Boil, buttock (681) Cellulitis and abscess of finger and toe (681.01) Felon (681.02) Paronychia, finger (681.11) Paronychia, toe (681.9) Cellulitis/abscess, unspec. digit (682) Other cellulitis and abscess < ...

See also:

List of ICD-9 codes, List of ICD-9 codes - 1. Infectious and parasitic diseases 001-139, List of ICD-9 codes - Intestinal infectious diseases 001-009, List of ICD-9 codes - tuberculosis 010-018, List of ICD-9 codes - zoonotic bacterial diseases 020-027, List of ICD-9 codes - other bacterial diseases 030-041, List of ICD-9 codes - human immunodeficiency virus hiv infection 042-044, List of ICD-9 codes - poliomyelitis and other non-arthropod-borne viral diseases of central nervous system 045-049, List of ICD-9 codes - viral diseases accompanied by exanthem 050-057, List of ICD-9 codes - arthropod-borne viral diseases 060-066, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases due to viruses and chlamydiae 070-079, List of ICD-9 codes - rickettsioses and other arthropod-borne diseases 080-088, List of ICD-9 codes - syphilis and other venereal diseases 090-099, List of ICD-9 codes - other spirochetal diseases 100-104, List of ICD-9 codes - mycoses 110-118, List of ICD-9 codes - helminthiases 120-129, List of ICD-9 codes - other infectious and parasitic diseases 130-136, List of ICD-9 codes - late effects of infectious and parasitic diseases 137-139, List of ICD-9 codes - 2. Neoplasms 140-239, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of lip oral cavity and pharynx 140-149, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of digestive organs and peritoneum 150-159, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of respiratory and intrathoracic organs 160-165, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of bone connective tissue skin and breast 170-176, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of genitourinary organs 179-189, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified sites 190-199, List of ICD-9 codes - malignant neoplasm of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue 200-208, List of ICD-9 codes - benign neoplasms 210-229, List of ICD-9 codes - carcinoma in situ 230-234, List of ICD-9 codes - neoplasms of uncertain behavior 235-238, List of ICD-9 codes - neoplasms of unspecified nature 239-239, List of ICD-9 codes - 3. Endocrine nutritional and metabolic diseases and immunity disorders 240-279, List of ICD-9 codes - disorders of thyroid gland 240-246, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of other endocrine glands 250-259, List of ICD-9 codes - nutritional deficiencies 260-269, List of ICD-9 codes - other metabolic and immunity disorders 270-279, List of ICD-9 codes - 4. Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs 280-289, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs 280-289, List of ICD-9 codes - 5. Mental disorders 290-319, List of ICD-9 codes - psychoses 290-299, List of ICD-9 codes - organic psychotic conditions 290-294, List of ICD-9 codes - other psychoses 295-299, List of ICD-9 codes - neurotic disorders personality disorders and other nonpsychotic mental disorders 300-316, List of ICD-9 codes - mental retardation 317-319, List of ICD-9 codes - 6. Diseases of the nervous system and sense organs 320-389, List of ICD-9 codes - inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system 320-326, List of ICD-9 codes - hereditary and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system 330-337, List of ICD-9 codes - other disorders of the central nervous system 340-349, List of ICD-9 codes - disorders of the peripheral nervous system 350-359, List of ICD-9 codes - disorders of the eye and adnexa 360-379, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of the ear and mastoid process 380-389, List of ICD-9 codes - 7. Diseases of the circulatory system 390-459, List of ICD-9 codes - acute rheumatic fever 390-392, List of ICD-9 codes - chronic rheumatic heart disease 393-398, List of ICD-9 codes - hypertensive disease 401-405, List of ICD-9 codes - ischemic heart disease 410-414, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of pulmonary circulation 415-417, List of ICD-9 codes - other forms of heart disease 420-429, List of ICD-9 codes - cerebrovascular disease 430-438, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of arteries arterioles and capillaries 440-448, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of veins and lymphatics and other diseases of circulatory system 451-459, List of ICD-9 codes - 8. Diseases of the respiratory system 460-519, List of ICD-9 codes - acute respiratory infections 460-466, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of the upper respiratory tract 470-478, List of ICD-9 codes - pneumonia and influenza 480-487, List of ICD-9 codes - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and allied conditions 490-496, List of ICD-9 codes - pneumoconioses and other lung diseases due to external agents 500-508, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of respiratory system 510-519, List of ICD-9 codes - 9. Diseases of the digestive system 520-579, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of oral cavity salivary glands and jaws 520-529, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of esophagus stomach and duodenum 530-537, List of ICD-9 codes - appendicitis 540-543, List of ICD-9 codes - hernia of abdominal cavity 550-553, List of ICD-9 codes - noninfectious enteritis and colitis 555-558, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of intestines and peritoneum 560-569, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of digestive system 570-579, List of ICD-9 codes - 10. Diseases of the genitourinary system 580-629, List of ICD-9 codes - nephritis nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 580-589, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of urinary system 590-599, List of ICD-9 codes - diseases of male genital organs 600-608, List of ICD-9 codes - disorders of breast 610-611, List of ICD-9 codes - inflammatory disease of female pelvic organs 614-616, List of ICD-9 codes - other disorders of female genital tract 617-629, List of ICD-9 codes - 11. Complications of pregnancy childbirth and the puerperium 630-676, List of ICD-9 codes - ectopic and molar pregnancy 630-633, List of ICD-9 codes - other pregnancy with abortive outcome 634-639, List of ICD-9 codes - complications mainly related to pregnancy 640-648, List of ICD-9 codes - normal delivery and other indications for care in pregnancy labor and delivery 650-659, List of ICD-9 codes - complications occurring mainly in the course of labor and delivery 660-669, List of ICD-9 codes - complications of the puerperium 670-676, List of ICD-9 codes - 12. Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue 680-709, List of ICD-9 codes - infections of skin and subcutaneous tissue 680-686, List of ICD-9 codes - other inflammatory conditions of skin and subcutaneous tissue 690-698, List of ICD-9 codes - other diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue 700-709, List of ICD-9 codes - 13. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue 710-739, List of ICD-9 codes - arthropathies and related disorders 710-719, List of ICD-9 codes - dorsopathies 720-724, List of ICD-9 codes - rheumatism excluding the back 725-729, List of ICD-9 codes - osteopathies chondropathies and acquired musculoskeletal deformities 730-739, List of ICD-9 codes - 14. Congenital anomalies 740-759, List of ICD-9 codes - congenital anomalies 740-759, List of ICD-9 codes - 15. Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period 760-779, List of ICD-9 codes - maternal causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality 760-763, List of ICD-9 codes - other conditions originating in the perinatal period 764-779, List of ICD-9 codes - 16. Symptoms signs and ill-defined conditions 780-799, List of ICD-9 codes - symptoms 780-789, List of ICD-9 codes - nonspecific abnormal findings 790-796, List of ICD-9 codes - ill-defined and unknown causes of morbidity and mortality 797-799, List of ICD-9 codes - 17. Injury and poisoning 800-999, List of ICD-9 codes - fracture of skull 800-804, List of ICD-9 codes - fracture of neck and trunk 805-809, List of ICD-9 codes - fracture of upper limb 810-819, List of ICD-9 codes - fracture of lower limb 820-829, List of ICD-9 codes - dislocation 830-839, List of ICD-9 codes - sprains and strains of joints and adjacent muscles 840-848, List of ICD-9 codes - intracranial injury excluding those with skull fracture 850-854, List of ICD-9 codes - internal injury of thorax abdomen and pelvis 860-869, List of ICD-9 codes - open wound of head neck and trunk 870-879, List of ICD-9 codes - open wound 870-897, List of ICD-9 codes - open wound of upper limb 880-887, List of ICD-9 codes - open wound of lower limb 890-897, List of ICD-9 codes - injury to blood vessels 900-904, List of ICD-9 codes - late effects of injuries poisonings toxic effects and other external causes 905-909, List of ICD-9 codes - superficial injury 910-919, List of ICD-9 codes - contusion with intact skin surface 920-924, List of ICD-9 codes - crushing injury 925-929, List of ICD-9 codes - effects of foreign body entering through orifice 930-939, List of ICD-9 codes - burns 940-949, List of ICD-9 codes - injury to nerves and spinal cord 950-957, List of ICD-9 codes - certain traumatic complications and unspecified injuries 958-959, List of ICD-9 codes - poisoning by drugs medicinal and biological substances 960-979, List of ICD-9 codes - toxic effects of substances chiefly nonmedicinal as to source 980-989, List of ICD-9 codes - other and unspecified effects of external causes 990-995, List of ICD-9 codes - complications of surgical and medical care not elsewhere classified 996-999, List of ICD-9 codes - E section -- External causes of injury, List of ICD-9 codes - V codes -- Supplementary classification of factors influencing health status and contact with health services

Read more here: » List of ICD-9 codes: Encyclopedia II - List of ICD-9 codes - 12. Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue 680-709

In some cases, people elect to have their genitals pierced, tattooed or otherwise altered for aesthetic or other reasons. Such modifications run the gamut from single to multiple piercings, small decorative marks to complete tattooing, urethral relocation, and, in males, subincision or even complete bisection. ...

See also:

Genital modification and mutilation, Genital modification and mutilation - Circumcision, Genital modification and mutilation - Elective genital alteration, Genital modification and mutilation - Types of genital alteration, Genital modification and mutilation - Removal of tissue, Genital modification and mutilation - Alteration of tissue, Genital modification and mutilation - Addition to tissue

Read more here: » Genital modification and mutilation: Encyclopedia II - Genital modification and mutilation - Elective genital alteration

Issues surrounding female circumcision, also known as female genital mutilation or FGM, became prominent in the English-speaking world in the latter quarter of the 20th century. Opponents of the practice became aware of female circumcision existing in some African countries. It is also practiced by some groups in the Arabian peninsula. In most cases, female circumcision is a social practice, not a religious one. Male circumcision is performed for religious or social reasons or as medical treatment (for phimosis, for example). Some cul ...

See also:

Genital modification and mutilation, Genital modification and mutilation - Circumcision, Genital modification and mutilation - Elective genital alteration, Genital modification and mutilation - Types of genital alteration, Genital modification and mutilation - Removal of tissue, Genital modification and mutilation - Alteration of tissue, Genital modification and mutilation - Addition to tissue

Read more here: » Genital modification and mutilation: Encyclopedia II - Genital modification and mutilation - Circumcision

Organ transplant - Autograft. A transplant of tissue from one to oneself. Sometimes this is done with surplus tissue, or tissue that can regenerate, or tissues more desperately needed elsewhere (examples include skin grafts, vein extraction for CABG, etc.) Sometimes this is done to remove the tissue and then treat it or the person, before returning it (examples include stem-cell autograft and storing blood in advance of surgery.)

Organ transplant, Organ transplant - Types of Transplant, Organ transplant - Autograft, Organ transplant - Allograft, Organ transplant - Xenograft, Organ transplant - Major Organs and Tissues Transplanted, Organ transplant - Solid Organs, Organ transplant - Tissues Cells and Fluids, Organ transplant - Types of Donor, Organ transplant - Living, Organ transplant - Deceased formerly cadaveric, Organ transplant - Special Types, Organ transplant - Split Liver Transplants, Organ transplant - Domino Transplants, Organ transplant - History, Organ transplant - Recent Developments, Organ transplant - Steroid-Free Immunosuppression, Organ transplant - Calcineurin-Inhibitor-Free Immunosuppression, Organ transplant - Paired-Donor Exchange, Organ transplant - Notable people having had organ transplants

Read more here: » Organ transplant: Encyclopedia II - Organ transplant - Types of Transplant

The alterations listed below may be undertaken voluntarily by some individuals; they may also be performed for medical reasons or performed on infants or adults against their will. Any of these changes may be considered modifications or mutilations. Genital modification and mutilation - Removal of tissue. Male Circumcision Posthectomy Frenectomy Castration Orchidectomy Penectomy Female circumcision ClitoridotomySee also:

Genital modification and mutilation, Genital modification and mutilation - Circumcision, Genital modification and mutilation - Elective genital alteration, Genital modification and mutilation - Types of genital alteration, Genital modification and mutilation - Removal of tissue, Genital modification and mutilation - Alteration of tissue, Genital modification and mutilation - Addition to tissue

Read more here: » Genital modification and mutilation: Encyclopedia II - Genital modification and mutilation - Types of genital alteration

Neck - Bony anatomy: The cervical spine. The cervical portion of the human spine comprises seven bony segments, typically referred to as C-1 to C-7, with cartilaginous disks between each vertebral body. From top to bottom the cervical spine is gently curved in convex-forward fashion. Neck - Soft tissue anatomy. In the middle line below the chin can be felt the body of the hyoid bone, just below which is the prominence of the thyroid cartilage called "Adam's apple," better marke ...

See also:

Neck, Neck - Anatomy of the human neck, Neck - Bony anatomy: The cervical spine, Neck - Soft tissue anatomy

Read more here: » Neck: Encyclopedia II - Neck - Anatomy of the human neck

A bioreactor may refer to any device or system that supports a biologically active environment. In one case, a bioreactor is a vessel in which is carried out a chemical process which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms. This process can either be aerobic or anaerobic. These bioreactors are commonly cylindrical, ranging in size from some liter to cube meters,and are often made of stainless steel. A bioreactor may also refer to a device or system meant to grow cells or tissues in the context of cell culture. These ...

See also:

Biochemical engineering, Biochemical engineering - The Bioreactor, Biochemical engineering - Bioreactor design, Biochemical engineering - NASA Tissue Cloning Bioreactor

Read more here: » Biochemical engineering: Encyclopedia II - Biochemical engineering - The Bioreactor

Bioreactor design is quite a complex engineering task. Under optimum conditions the microorganisms or cells are able to perform their desired function with great efficiency. The bioreactor's environmental conditions like gas (i.e., air, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide) flowrates, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen levels, and agitation speed/circulation rate need to be closely monitored and controlled. Most industrial bioreactor manufacturers use vessels, sensors, controllers, and a control system, networked together for thei ...

See also:

Biochemical engineering, Biochemical engineering - The Bioreactor, Biochemical engineering - Bioreactor design, Biochemical engineering - NASA Tissue Cloning Bioreactor

Read more here: » Biochemical engineering: Encyclopedia II - Biochemical engineering - Bioreactor design

In eukaryotes, Ca2+ ions are one of the most widespread second messengers used in signal transduction. They make their entrance into the cytoplasm either from outside the cell through the cell membrane via calcium channels (such as Ca-binding proteins), or from some internal calcium storages. Ca2+ entering the cell plasma causes the specific action of the cell, whatever this action is: secretory cells release vesicles with their secretion, muscle cells contract, synapses release synaptic vesicles ...

See also:

Calcium in biology, Calcium in biology - Measuring Ca2+ in living tissue, Calcium in biology - Organs and tissues, Calcium in biology - Cell biology, Calcium in biology - Calcium in plants, Calcium in biology - Structural roles, Calcium in biology - Cell signalling, Calcium in biology - Food sources

Read more here: » Calcium in biology: Encyclopedia II - Calcium in biology - Cell biology

It is often appropriate to model living tissues as continuous media. For example, at the tissue level, the arterial wall can be modeled as a continuum. This assumption breaks down when the length scales of interest approach the order of the microstructural details of the material. The basic postulates of continuum mechanics are conservation of linear and angular momentum, conservation of mass, conservation of energy, and the entropy inequality. Solids are usually modeled using "reference" or "Lagrangian" coordinates, whereas fluids are often ...

See also:

Biomechanics, Biomechanics - Applications, Biomechanics - Continuum Mechanics, Biomechanics - Biomechanics of Circulation, Biomechanics - Biomechanics of the bones, Biomechanics - Biomechanics of the Muscle, Biomechanics - Biomechanics of Soft Tissues, Biomechanics - Viscoelasticity, Biomechanics - Nonlinear Theories

Read more here: » Biomechanics: Encyclopedia II - Biomechanics - Continuum Mechanics

The USDA web site has a very complete table of calcium content (in mg) of common foods per common measures (link below). Calcium amount in foods, 100g: vaccine = 116 mg human milk = 33 mg milk powder = 909 mg parmesan (cheese) = 1140 mg ricotta (skimmed milk cheese) = 90 mg egg, 1 = 54 mg molasses = 273 mg brown sugar = 85 mg white sugar = 0 mg honey = 5 mg flour = 41 mg wheat germ = 72 mg beef = 12 mg hors ...

See also:

Calcium in biology, Calcium in biology - Measuring Ca2+ in living tissue, Calcium in biology - Organs and tissues, Calcium in biology - Cell biology, Calcium in biology - Calcium in plants, Calcium in biology - Structural roles, Calcium in biology - Cell signalling, Calcium in biology - Food sources

Read more here: » Calcium in biology: Encyclopedia II - Calcium in biology - Food sources

The metabolism of lipids is a closely regulated system in virtually all lifeforms. It is affected by a variety of enzymes and, in higher organisms, regulated by hormones. Research is ongoing on the relative influence of various hormonal regulators on the anabolism (production) and catabolism (breakdown, also termed lipolysis) of fatty molecules. A subject of particularly close study is cholesterol, levels and types of which are inf ...

See also:

Fat, Fat - Adipose tissue, Fat - Metabolism, Fat - External link

Read more here: » Fat: Encyclopedia II - Fat - Metabolism

The metabolism of lipids is a closely regulated system in virtually all lifeforms. It is affected by a variety of enzymes and, in higher organisms, regulated by hormones. Research is ongoing on the relative influence of various hormonal regulators on the anabolism (production) and catabolism (breakdown, also termed lipolysis) of fatty molecules. A subject of particularly close study is cholesterol, levels and types of which are influenced by the fatty acid metabolism and is known for its role in development of atherosclerosis.Can also be attri ...

See also:

Fat, Fat - Adipose tissue, Fat - Metabolism, Fat - External link

Read more here: » Fat: Encyclopedia II - Fat - Metabolism

The simplicity and ease of acquisition of the erythrocyte means that it has become the standard model for the investigation of the spectrin cytoskeleton (Lux, 1979). Tetrameric spectrin is formed by the lateral association of αI and ßI monomers to form a dimer, dimers then associate in a head-to-head formation to produce the tetramer. End-to-end association of these tetramers with short actin filaments produces the hexagonal complexes observed. Association with the intracellular face of the plasma membrane is by indirect interaction, through direct interactions with ...

See also:

Spectrin, Spectrin - Spectrin in erythrocytes, Spectrin - Spectrin in invertebrates, Spectrin - Spectrin in vertebrates, Spectrin - Vertebrate spectrin genes, Spectrin - Role of spectrin in muscle tissue

Read more here: » Spectrin: Encyclopedia II - Spectrin - Spectrin in erythrocytes

There are three spectrins in invertebrates, α,β and βH. A mutation in β spectrin in C. elegans results in an unco-ordinated phenotype in which the worms are paralysed and much shorter than wild-type (Hammarlund et al, 2000). In addition to the morphological effects, the Unc-70 mutation also produce defective neurons. Neuron numbers are normal but neuronal outgrowth was defective. Similarly, spectrin plays a role in Drosophila neurons. Knock-out of α or β spectrin in D. melanogastor results in neurons that are morphologically normal but have reduced neurotransmission at the neu ...

See also:

Spectrin, Spectrin - Spectrin in erythrocytes, Spectrin - Spectrin in invertebrates, Spectrin - Spectrin in vertebrates, Spectrin - Vertebrate spectrin genes, Spectrin - Role of spectrin in muscle tissue

Read more here: » Spectrin: Encyclopedia II - Spectrin - Spectrin in invertebrates

In humans and other mammals, the respiratory system consists of the airways, the lungs, and the respiratory muscles that mediate the movement of air into and out of the body. Within the alveolar system of the lungs, molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively exchanged between the gaseous environment and the blood. Thus, the respiratory system facilitates oxygenation of the blood with a concomitant removal of carbon dioxide and other gaseous metabolic wastes from the circulation. Respiratory system - Organization. The respiratory system can be conve ...

See also:

Respiratory system, Respiratory system - Respiratory system in humans and animals, Respiratory system - Organization, Respiratory system - Functions, Respiratory system - Diseases, Respiratory system - Respiratory system in plants, Respiratory system - Tissue engineering, Respiratory system - Sources

Read more here: » Respiratory system: Encyclopedia II - Respiratory system - Respiratory system in humans and animals

Every lactate dehydrogenase molecule consists of four subunits, where each subunit is either H or M (based on their electrophoretic properties.) There are, therefore, five LDH isotypes: LDH-1 (4H) - in the heart LDH-2 (3H1M) - in the reticuloendothelial system LDH-3 (2H2M) - in the lungs LDH-4 (1H3M) - in the kidneys LDH-5 (4M) - in the liver and striated muscle Usually LDH-2 is the predominant form in the serum. An LDH-1 level higher than the LDH-2 level (a "flipped pattern"), s ...

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Lactate dehydrogenase, Lactate dehydrogenase - Enzyme isoforms, Lactate dehydrogenase - Genetics in Humans, Lactate dehydrogenase - Medical use, Lactate dehydrogenase - Hemolysis, Lactate dehydrogenase - Tissue turnover, Lactate dehydrogenase - Exudates and transudates, Lactate dehydrogenase - Meningitis and encephalitis

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The M and H subunits are encoded by two different genes: The M subunit is encoded by LDHA, located on chromosome 11p15.4 (OMIM 150000) The H subunit is encoded by LDHB, located on chromosome 12p12.2-p12.1 (OMIM 150100) Mutations of the M subunit have been linked to the rare disease exertional myoglobinuria (see OMIM article), and mutations of the H subun ...

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Lactate dehydrogenase, Lactate dehydrogenase - Enzyme isoforms, Lactate dehydrogenase - Genetics in Humans, Lactate dehydrogenase - Medical use, Lactate dehydrogenase - Hemolysis, Lactate dehydrogenase - Tissue turnover, Lactate dehydrogenase - Exudates and transudates, Lactate dehydrogenase - Meningitis and encephalitis

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Cartilage - Chondrification. Most of the skeletal system is derived from mesoderm tissue. Chondrification is the process in which cartilage is formed from condensed mesenchyme tissue, which differentiates into chondrocytes and begins secreting the materials that form the matrix. Cartilage - Mineralisation. Adult hyaline articular cartilage is progressively mineralised at the junction between cartilage and bone. It is then termed articular calcified cartilage. A mi ...

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Cartilage, Cartilage - Composition, Cartilage - Cells, Cartilage - Fibers, Cartilage - Matrix, Cartilage - Types of cartilage, Cartilage - Hyaline cartilage, Cartilage - Elastic cartilage, Cartilage - Fibrocartilage, Cartilage - Growth and development, Cartilage - Chondrification, Cartilage - Mineralisation, Cartilage - Appositional, Cartilage - Interstitial, Cartilage - Cartilage in fetal development, Cartilage - Diseases / Medicine, Cartilage - Fibrocartilage, Cartilage - Invertebrate cartilage

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Dysbarism - Direct effects on tissues. This is not of practical importance, because the body is mostly composed of barely-compressible materials such as water. People often wonder whether scuba divers feel their body being crushed by the pressure. The answer is no. Divers would have to reach depths of thousands of feet before their flesh began to suffer significant comp ...

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Dysbarism, Dysbarism - Ambient pressure, Dysbarism - Effects of pressure on the body, Dysbarism - Direct effects on tissues, Dysbarism - Air spaces, Dysbarism - Dissolved gas, Dysbarism - Types of dysbarism, Dysbarism - Decompression sickness DCS, Dysbarism - Arterial Gas Embolism AGE, Dysbarism - Nitrogen narcosis, Dysbarism - High pressure nervous syndrome HPNS, Dysbarism - Barotrauma

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In the inflammatory phase, clotting takes place in order to obtain hemostasis, or stop blood loss, and various factors are released to attract cells that phagocytise debris, bacteria, and damaged tissue and release factors that initiate the proliferative phase of wound healing. Wound healing - Clotting cascade. When tissue is first wounded, blood comes in contact with collagen, triggering blood platelets to begin secreting inflammatory factors (Rosenberg and de la Torre, 2003). Platelets also express glyco ...

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Wound healing, Wound healing - Inflammatory phase, Wound healing - Clotting cascade, Wound healing - Platelets, Wound healing - Vasoconstriction and vasodilation, Wound healing - Polymorphonuclear neutrophils, Wound healing - Macrophages, Wound healing - Proliferative phase, Wound healing - Angiogenesis, Wound healing - Fibroplasia and granulation tissue formation, Wound healing - Epithelialization, Wound healing - Contraction, Wound healing - Maturation and remodeling phase, Wound healing - External link

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