Timeline of motor and engine technology

An engine is something that produces some effect from a given input. The origin of engineering was the working of engines. There is an overlap in English between two meanings of the word "engineer": 'those who operate engines' and 'those who design and construct new items'. Engine - Usage of the term. In original usage, an engine was any sort of mechanical device. The term "gin" in cotton gin is a short form of this usage. Practically every device from the industrial revolution was referred to as an engine, ...

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• Engine - Usage of the term
• Engine - History of engines
• Engine - Antiquity
• Engine - Modern
• Engine - Air-breathing engines

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A motor is a machine that converts some form of energy into mechanical energy. In some contexts, the word motor refers specifically to an internal combustion engine. In various contexts, motor may specifically mean: Electric motor, a machine which converts electricity into mechanical motion Motor car (see automobile) Motor neuron - neurons that originate in the spinal cord and synapse with muscle fibers (see motoneuron) Motor vehicle (see automobile)

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Engine - Antiquity. While chemical and electrical engines of enormous power dominate the modern world, engines themselves are not new. Engines using human power, animal power, water power, wind power and even steam power date back to antiquity. Human power was focused by the use of simple engines, such as the capstan, windlass or treadmill, and with ropes, pulleys, and block and tackle arrangements, this power was transmitted and multiplied. These were commonly used in cranes and aboard ships during Ancien ...

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Engine, Engine - Usage of the term, Engine - History of engines, Engine - Antiquity, Engine - Modern, Engine - Air-breathing engines

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Air-breathing engines use atmospheric air to oxidise the fuel carried, rather than carrying an oxidiser, as in a rocket. Theoretically, this should result in a better specific impulse than for rocket engines. Air-breathing engines include: Internal combustion engine Jet engine Ramjet Scramjet Pulse detonation engine Pulse jet Liquid air cycle engine/SABRE ...

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Engine, Engine - Usage of the term, Engine - History of engines, Engine - Antiquity, Engine - Modern, Engine - Air-breathing engines

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In original usage, an engine was any sort of mechanical device. The term "gin" in cotton gin is a short form of this usage. Practically every device from the industrial revolution was referred to as an engine, and this is where the steam engine gained its name. This form of the term has recently come into use once again in computer science, where terms like search engine, "3-D graphics rendering engine" and "text-to-speech engine" are common. The earliest mechanical computing device was called the difference engine; Military devices such as catapu ...

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Engine, Engine - Usage of the term, Engine - History of engines, Engine - Antiquity, Engine - Modern, Engine - Air-breathing engines

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History of technology - Early technology. Fire used since the paleolithic, possibly by homo erectus as early as 800,000 years ago Clothing possibly 100,000 years ago. Stone tools, used by homo floresiensis, possibly 100,000 years ago. Pottery ca. 11th millennium BC Bow, sling ca. 9th millennium BC Microliths ca. 9th millennium BC Copper ca. 8000 BC Agriculture and Plough ca. 8000 BC Wheel ca. 4000 BC Gnomon ca. 4000 BC

By country or civilization or group: Afghanistan Timeline of Afghan history Albania Timeline of Albanian history Armenia Princes, Kings and Queens of Armenia Australia Timeline of Australian history Austria House of Habsburg Britain Timeline of British history Buddhism Timeline of Buddhism Canada Timeline of Canad ...

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List of themed timelines, List of themed timelines - Cities, List of themed timelines - Cultural, List of themed timelines - Current events, List of themed timelines - Economics and Management, List of themed timelines - Fictional, List of themed timelines - History, List of themed timelines - Philosophy, List of themed timelines - Recent events, List of themed timelines - Religion, List of themed timelines - Science, List of themed timelines - Security, List of themed timelines - Social, List of themed timelines - Sports, List of themed timelines - Technology, List of themed timelines - Other

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A typical AC motor consists of two parts: An outside stationary stator having coils supplied with AC current to produce a rotating magnetic field, and; An inside rotor attached to the output shaft that is given a torque by the rotating field. There are two fundamental types of AC motor depending on the type of rotor used: The synchronous motor, which rotates exactly at the supply frequency or a submultiple of the supply frequency, and; The induction motor, which turns slightly slower, and typically (though not necessarily always) takes ...

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Electric motor, Electric motor - Operation, Electric motor - DC motors, Electric motor - Wound field DC motor, Electric motor - Universal motors, Electric motor - AC motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Stepper motors, Electric motor - Brushless DC motors, Electric motor - Coreless DC motors, Electric motor - Linear motors, Electric motor - Textbooks

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Many sociologists and anthropologists have created social theories dealing with social and cultural evolution. Some, like Lewis H. Morgan, Leslie White, and Gerhard Lenski, declare technological progress to be the primary factor driving the development of human civilisation. Morgan's concept of three major stages of social evoluton (savagery, barbarism, and civilization) can be divided by technological milestones, like fire, the bow, and pottery in the savage era, domestication of animals, agriculture, and metalworking ...

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History of technology, History of technology - By period and geography, History of technology - Early technology, History of technology - Prehistoric times, History of technology - Ancient Egypt, History of technology - Tribal Europe, History of technology - Ancient Rome, History of technology - Ancient India, History of technology - Ancient China, History of technology - Medieval China, History of technology - Inca, History of technology - Maya, History of technology - European, History of technology - Measuring technological progress, History of technology - By type of technology, History of technology - History of biotechnology, History of technology - History of civil engineering, History of technology - History of communication, History of technology - History of computing, History of technology - History of consumer technology, History of technology - History of electrical engineering, History of technology - History of energy technology, History of technology - History of materials science, History of technology - History of medicine, History of technology - History of military technology, History of technology - History of nuclear technology, History of technology - History of scientific technology, History of technology - History of timekeeping, History of technology - History of transport technology, History of technology - Related history, History of technology - Related disciplines, History of technology - Related subjects, History of technology - Future of science and technology speculative, History of technology - People, History of technology - Historiography of science and technology, History of technology - Historians of science and technology, History of technology - Journals and periodicals in the history of science and technology, History of technology - Research institutes

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History of technology - History of biotechnology. Main article: History of biotechnology To be incorporated into main article: Timeline of agriculture and food technology Hunter-gatherer Agriculture Food science Genetically modified food History of agricultural science History of gardening Biotechnology (timeline, etc.) History of sushi History of tea in China History of technology - History of civil engineeringSee also:

History of technology, History of technology - By period and geography, History of technology - Early technology, History of technology - Prehistoric times, History of technology - Ancient Egypt, History of technology - Tribal Europe, History of technology - Ancient Rome, History of technology - Ancient India, History of technology - Ancient China, History of technology - Medieval China, History of technology - Inca, History of technology - Maya, History of technology - European, History of technology - Measuring technological progress, History of technology - By type of technology, History of technology - History of biotechnology, History of technology - History of civil engineering, History of technology - History of communication, History of technology - History of computing, History of technology - History of consumer technology, History of technology - History of electrical engineering, History of technology - History of energy technology, History of technology - History of materials science, History of technology - History of medicine, History of technology - History of military technology, History of technology - History of nuclear technology, History of technology - History of scientific technology, History of technology - History of timekeeping, History of technology - History of transport technology, History of technology - Related history, History of technology - Related disciplines, History of technology - Related subjects, History of technology - Future of science and technology speculative, History of technology - People, History of technology - Historiography of science and technology, History of technology - Historians of science and technology, History of technology - Journals and periodicals in the history of science and technology, History of technology - Research institutes

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Most electric motors work by electromagnetism, but motors based on other electromechanical phenomena, such as electrostatic forces and the piezoelectric effect, also exist. The fundamental principle upon which electromagnetic motors are based is that there is a mechanical force on any wire when it is conducting electricity while contained within a magnetic field. The force is described by the Lorentz force law and is perpendicular to both the wire and the magnetic field. In a rotary motor, there is a rotating element, the rotor. The rotor rotates because the wires and magnetic field are arranged so that a ...

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Electric motor, Electric motor - Operation, Electric motor - DC motors, Electric motor - Wound field DC motor, Electric motor - Universal motors, Electric motor - AC motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Stepper motors, Electric motor - Brushless DC motors, Electric motor - Coreless DC motors, Electric motor - Linear motors, Electric motor - Textbooks

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One of the first electromagnetic rotary motors was invented by Michael Faraday in 1821 and consisted of a free-hanging wire dipping into a pool of mercury. A permanent magnet was placed in the middle of the pool. When a current was passed through the wire, the wire rotated around the magnet, showing that the current gave rise to a circular magnetic field around the wire. This motor is often demonstrated in school physics classes, but brine is sometimes used in place of the toxic mercury. This is the simplest form of a class ...

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Electric motor, Electric motor - Operation, Electric motor - DC motors, Electric motor - Wound field DC motor, Electric motor - Universal motors, Electric motor - AC motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Stepper motors, Electric motor - Brushless DC motors, Electric motor - Coreless DC motors, Electric motor - Linear motors, Electric motor - Textbooks

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A linear motor is essentially an electric motor that has been "unrolled" so that instead of producing a torque (rotation), it produces a linear force along its length by setting up a traveling electromagnetic field. Linear motors are most commonly induction motors or stepper motors. You can find a linear motor in a maglev (Transrapid) train, where the train "flies" over the ground. ...

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Electric motor, Electric motor - Operation, Electric motor - DC motors, Electric motor - Wound field DC motor, Electric motor - Universal motors, Electric motor - AC motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Stepper motors, Electric motor - Brushless DC motors, Electric motor - Coreless DC motors, Electric motor - Linear motors, Electric motor - Textbooks

Read more here: » Electric motor: Encyclopedia II - Electric motor - Linear motors

Midway between ordinary DC motors and stepper motors lies the realm of the brushless DC motor. Built in a fashion very similar to stepper motors, these often use a permanent magnet external rotor, three phases of driving coils, one or more Hall effect devices to sense the position of the rotor, and the associated drive electronics. The coils are activated, one phase after the other, by the drive electronics as cued by the signals from the Hall effect sensors. In effect, they act as three-phase synchronous motors cont ...

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Electric motor, Electric motor - Operation, Electric motor - DC motors, Electric motor - Wound field DC motor, Electric motor - Universal motors, Electric motor - AC motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Stepper motors, Electric motor - Brushless DC motors, Electric motor - Coreless DC motors, Electric motor - Linear motors, Electric motor - Textbooks

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A coreless DC motor is a specialized form of a brush DC motor. Optimized for rapid acceleration, these motors have a rotor that is constructed without any iron core. The rotor can take the form of a winding-filled cylinder inside the stator magnets, a basket surrounding the stator magnets, or a flat pancake (possibly formed on a printed wiring board) running between upper and lower stator magnets. The windings are typical ...

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Electric motor, Electric motor - Operation, Electric motor - DC motors, Electric motor - Wound field DC motor, Electric motor - Universal motors, Electric motor - AC motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Stepper motors, Electric motor - Brushless DC motors, Electric motor - Coreless DC motors, Electric motor - Linear motors, Electric motor - Textbooks

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Closely related in design to three-phase AC synchronous motors are stepper motors, where an internal rotor containing permanent magnets or a large iron core with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross between a DC electric motor and a solenoid. As each coil is energized in turn, the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field produced by the energized field winding. Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the motor may not rotate con ...

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Electric motor, Electric motor - Operation, Electric motor - DC motors, Electric motor - Wound field DC motor, Electric motor - Universal motors, Electric motor - AC motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Three-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC induction motors, Electric motor - Single-phase AC synchronous motors, Electric motor - Stepper motors, Electric motor - Brushless DC motors, Electric motor - Coreless DC motors, Electric motor - Linear motors, Electric motor - Textbooks

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