Timeline of Middle Eastern History

main article: Ancient Near East Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 9th millennium BC Beginning of the Neolithic time period of the Holocene epoch. Agriculture in Mesopotamia Domestication of sheep and goats in the Middle East Circa 8350 BC – Neolithic settlement at Jericho Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 8th millennium BC. Circa 8000 BC–Settlements at Nevali Cori in present-day Turkey are established.

The term Ancient Near East or Ancient Orient encompasses the early civilizations predating Classical Antiquity in the region roughly corresponding to that described by the modern term Middle East (Egypt, the Fertile Crescent, Anatolia), during the time roughly spanning the Bronze Age from the rise of Sumer and Gerzeh in the 4th millennium BC to the expansion of the Persian Empire in the 6th century BC. As such, it is a term widely employed in the fields of N ...

Including:

• Ancient Near East - 5th millennium BC
• Ancient Near East - 4th millennium BC
• Ancient Near East - 3rd millennium BC
• Ancient Near East - 2nd millennium BC

Read more here: » Ancient Near East: Encyclopedia - Ancient Near East

By country or civilization or group: Afghanistan Timeline of Afghan history Albania Timeline of Albanian history Armenia Princes, Kings and Queens of Armenia Australia Timeline of Australian history Austria House of Habsburg Britain Timeline of British history Buddhism Timeline of Buddhism Canada Timeline of Canad ...

See also:

List of themed timelines, List of themed timelines - Cities, List of themed timelines - Cultural, List of themed timelines - Current events, List of themed timelines - Economics and Management, List of themed timelines - Fictional, List of themed timelines - History, List of themed timelines - Philosophy, List of themed timelines - Recent events, List of themed timelines - Religion, List of themed timelines - Science, List of themed timelines - Security, List of themed timelines - Social, List of themed timelines - Sports, List of themed timelines - Technology, List of themed timelines - Other

Read more here: » List of themed timelines: Encyclopedia II - List of themed timelines - History

By the early 15th century a new power had arisen in western Anatolia, the Ottoman emirs, who in 1453 captured Constantinople and made themselves sultans. The Mameluks held the Ottomans out of the Middle East for a century, but in 1514 Selim the Grim began the systematic Ottoman conquest of the region. Iraq was occupied in 1515, Syria in 1516 and Egypt in 1517, extinguishing the Mameluk line. The Ottomans united the whole region under one ruler for the first time since the reign of the Abbasid caliphs o ...

See also:

History of the Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East, History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era, History of the Middle East - European domination, History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict, History of the Middle East - The Arab-Israeli conflict, History of the Middle East - The end of the Cold War, History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » History of the Middle East: Encyclopedia II - History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era

By the early 15th century a new power had arisen in western Anatolia, the Ottoman emirs, who in 1453 captured Constantinople and made themselves sultans. The Mameluks held the Ottomans out of the Middle East for a century, but in 1514 Selim the Grim began the systematic Ottoman conquest of the region. Iraq was occupied in 1515, Syria in 1516 and Egypt in 1517, extinguishing the Mameluk line. The Ottomans united the whole region under one ruler for the first time since the reign of the Abbasid caliphs o ...

See also:

History of the Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East, History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era, History of the Middle East - European domination, History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict, History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » History of the Middle East: Encyclopedia II - History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era

By the 1990s, many western commentators (and some Middle Eastern ones) saw the Middle East as not just a zone of conflict, but also a zone of backwardness. The rapid spread of political democracy and the development of market economies in Eastern Europe, Latin America, East Asia and parts of Africa passed the Middle East by. In the whole region, only Israel, Turkey and to some extent Lebanon were democracies. Other countries had legislative bodies, but these had little power, and in the Gulf states the majority of the pop ...

See also:

History of the Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East, History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era, History of the Middle East - European domination, History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict, History of the Middle East - The Arab-Israeli conflict, History of the Middle East - The end of the Cold War, History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » History of the Middle East: Encyclopedia II - History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

The departure of the European powers from direct control of the region, the increasing importance of the oil industry and the establishment of Israel marked the creation of the modern Middle East. These developments led to a growing presence of the United States in Middle East affairs. The U.S. was Israel's principal ally and protector, the ultimate guarantor of the stability of the region, and from the 1950s the dominant force in the oil industry. When republican revolutions brought radical anti-western regimes to power in Egypt in 1954, in ...

See also:

History of the Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East, History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era, History of the Middle East - European domination, History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict, History of the Middle East - The Arab-Israeli conflict, History of the Middle East - The end of the Cold War, History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » History of the Middle East: Encyclopedia II - History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict

The dominance of the Arabs came to a sudden end in the mid 11th century with the arrival of the Seljuk Turks, migrating south from the Turkic homelands in Central Asia, who conquered Persia, Iraq (capturing Baghdad in 1055), Syria, Palestine and the Hejaz, as well as defeating the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert and conquering Anatolia. Egypt held out under the Fatimid caliphs until 1169, when it too fell to the Turks. The Seljuks ruled most of the region for the next 200 ...

See also:

History of the Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East, History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era, History of the Middle East - European domination, History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict, History of the Middle East - The Arab-Israeli conflict, History of the Middle East - The end of the Cold War, History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » History of the Middle East: Encyclopedia II - History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols

As a result of the unifying effects of Roman and Byzantine rule, there was no real distinction between what is now Europe and what is now the Middle East until the 7th century AD. Anatolia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt were all Christian and Greek speaking, united culturally and politically with the Greco-Roman world under the rule of Constantinople, while Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) formed a buffer zone between the Byzantine and Persian Empires. The decisive event in the creation of the Middle East as a distinct cultural region was the r ...

See also:

History of the Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East, History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era, History of the Middle East - European domination, History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict, History of the Middle East - The Arab-Israeli conflict, History of the Middle East - The end of the Cold War, History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » History of the Middle East: Encyclopedia II - History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East

When the Ottoman Empire collapsed in 1918, the Arabs found they had been betrayed, indeed doubly betrayed. For not only had the British and the French concluded a secret treaty (the Sykes-Picot Agreement), to partition the Middle East between them, but the British had also promised via the Balfour Declaration the international Zionist movement their support in creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine, which was the site of the ancient Kingdom of Israel but had had a largely Arab population for over a thousand years. When the Ottomans departed ...

See also:

History of the Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East, History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era, History of the Middle East - European domination, History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict, History of the Middle East - The Arab-Israeli conflict, History of the Middle East - The end of the Cold War, History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » History of the Middle East: Encyclopedia II - History of the Middle East - European domination

The earliest civilizations in the region now known as the Middle East were founded in Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. The Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians and others built important states. From about 500 BC onward, several empires dominated the region, beginning with the Persian Empire of Achaemenids, followed by the Macedonian empire founded by Alexander the Great, and successor kingdoms such as Ptolemaic Egypt and the Seleucid state in Syria. In the 1st century BC, the expanding Roman Republic absorbed the whole Eastern Mediterrane ...

See also:

History of the Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East, History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era, History of the Middle East - European domination, History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict, History of the Middle East - The Arab-Israeli conflict, History of the Middle East - The end of the Cold War, History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » History of the Middle East: Encyclopedia II - History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East

By the 1990s, many western commentators (and some Middle Eastern ones) saw the Middle East as not just a zone of conflict, but also a zone of backwardness. The rapid spread of political democracy and the development of market economies in Eastern Europe, Latin America, East Asia and parts of Africa passed the Middle East by. In the whole region, only Israel, Turkey and to some extent Lebanon were democracies. Other countries had legislative bodies, but these had little power, and in the Gulf states the majority of the pop ...

See also:

History of the Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East, History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era, History of the Middle East - European domination, History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict, History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » History of the Middle East: Encyclopedia II - History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

The earliest civilizations in the region now known as the Middle East were founded in Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. The Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians and others built important states. From about 500 BC onward, several empires dominated the region, beginning with the Persian Empire of Achaemenids, followed by the Macedonian empire founded by Alexander the Great, and successor kingdoms such as Ptolemaic Egypt and the Seleucid state in Syria. In the 1st century BC, the expanding Roman Republic absorbed the whole Eastern Mediterrane ...

See also:

History of the Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East, History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era, History of the Middle East - European domination, History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict, History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » History of the Middle East: Encyclopedia II - History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East

The dominance of the Arabs came to a sudden end in the mid 11th century with the arrival of the Seljuk Turks, migrating south from the Turkic homelands in Central Asia, who conquered Persia, Iraq (capturing Baghdad in 1055), Syria, Palestine and the Hejaz, as well as defeating the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert and conquering Anatolia. Egypt held out under the Fatimid caliphs until 1169, when it too fell to the Turks. The Seljuks ruled most of the region for the next 200 ...

See also:

History of the Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East, History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era, History of the Middle East - European domination, History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict, History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » History of the Middle East: Encyclopedia II - History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols

As a result of the unifying effects of Roman and Byzantine rule, there was no real distinction between what is now Europe and what is now the Middle East until the 7th century AD. Anatolia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt were all Christian and Greek speaking, united culturally and politically with the Greco-Roman world under the rule of Constantinople, while Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) formed a buffer zone between the Byzantine and Persian Empires. The decisive event in the creation of the Middle East as a distinct cultural region was the r ...

See also:

History of the Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East, History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era, History of the Middle East - European domination, History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict, History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » History of the Middle East: Encyclopedia II - History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East

In 1914 Enver Bey's alliance with Germany led the Young Turks into the fatal step of joining Germany and Austria-Hungary in World War I, against Britain and France. The British saw the Ottomans as the weak link in the enemy alliance, and concentrated on knocking them out of the war. When a direct assault failed at Gallipoli in 1915, they turned to fomenting revolution in the Ottoman domains, exploiting the awakening force of Arab nationalism. The Arabs had lived more or less happily under Ottoman rule for 400 years, until the Young Turks had ...

See also:

History of the Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East, History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era, History of the Middle East - European domination, History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict, History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » History of the Middle East: Encyclopedia II - History of the Middle East - European domination

The establishment of Israel, the departure of the European powers from direct control of the region, and the increasing importance of the oil industry, marked the creation of the modern Middle East. These developments led to a growing presence of the United States in Middle East affairs. The U.S. was Israel's principal ally and protector, the ultimate guarantor of the stability of the region, and from the 1950s the dominant force in the oil industry. When republican revolutions brought radical anti-western regimes to power in Egypt in 1954, ...

See also:

History of the Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Ancient Middle East, History of the Middle East - The Arab Middle East, History of the Middle East - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, History of the Middle East - The Ottoman era, History of the Middle East - European domination, History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict, History of the Middle East - The contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » History of the Middle East: Encyclopedia II - History of the Middle East - A zone of conflict

(circa since 1453 when Ottoman emirs captured Constantinople) (main article: History of the Ottoman Empire) 1869 - Construction of the Suez Canal is completed. ...

See also:

Timeline of Middle Eastern History, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - Prehistoric and Ancient Period, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 9th millennium BC Beginning of the Neolithic time period of the Holocene epoch, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 8th millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 7th millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 6th millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 5th millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 4th millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 3rd millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 2nd millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - The Arab Middle East, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 1st millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 1st millennium AD, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 2nd millennium AD, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - The Ottoman era, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - European domination of the Arabic and Turkish regions especially since WWI, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - Contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » Timeline of Middle Eastern History: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of Middle Eastern History - The Ottoman era

Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 1st millennium BC. Egypt declined as a major power The Tanakh was written Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon and created the Persian Empire (6th century BC) Sparta and Athens fought the Peloponnesian War Alexander the Great conquered Greece, Egypt, Persia and Afghanistan Hellenic Greek culture spread ...

See also:

Timeline of Middle Eastern History, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - Prehistoric and Ancient Period, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 9th millennium BC Beginning of the Neolithic time period of the Holocene epoch, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 8th millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 7th millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 6th millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 5th millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 4th millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 3rd millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 2nd millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - The Arab Middle East, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 1st millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 1st millennium AD, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 2nd millennium AD, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - The Ottoman era, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - European domination of the Arabic and Turkish regions especially since WWI, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - Contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » Timeline of Middle Eastern History: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of Middle Eastern History - The Arab Middle East

(The dominance of the Arabs came to a sudden end in the mid 11th century with the arrival of the Seljuk Turks) c. 1347, a fleet of Genoese trading ships fleeing Kaffa (Feodosiya) reached the port of Messina and spreads the Black Death (see also: Turks, Crusaders, Mongols) ...

See also:

Timeline of Middle Eastern History, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - Prehistoric and Ancient Period, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 9th millennium BC Beginning of the Neolithic time period of the Holocene epoch, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 8th millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 7th millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 6th millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 5th millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 4th millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 3rd millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 2nd millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - The Arab Middle East, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 1st millennium BC, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 1st millennium AD, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - 2nd millennium AD, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - Turks Crusaders and Mongols, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - The Ottoman era, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - European domination of the Arabic and Turkish regions especially since WWI, Timeline of Middle Eastern History - Contemporary Middle East

Read more here: » Timeline of Middle Eastern History: Encyclopedia II - Timeline of Middle Eastern History - Turks Crusaders and Mongols