tibia

Australopithecus anamensis is a fossil species of Australopithecus. The first discovery (a single arm bone) was made by a research team in 1965. Believed to be four million years old, very little was known about the finding until in 1994 when British, Kenyan paleoanthropologist Meave Leakey discovered more evidence at Allia Bay at Kanapoi, near Lake Turkana, Kenya. Meave Leakey and her local colleagues excavating on the hot dusty terrain uncovered a few fragments of a hominid. The complete lower jaw found resembles that ...

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The Cabbage Moth (Mamestra brassicae) is a common European moth of the family Noctuidae. This species varies considerably in size, with a wingspan of 34-50mm. The forewings are brown and mottled with a prominent white-edged stigma and a broken white subterminal line. The hindwings are grey, darker towards the termen. For those with a lens, the prominent spur on the tibia of the foreleg is a diagnostic feature. This moth has a rather complex life history: two or three broods are produced each year and adults can be seen a ...

Including:

• Cabbage Moth - Recorded food plants

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Conservation status: Fossil A. huinculensis Argentinosaurus was a herbivorous sauropod dinosaur that is quite possibly the largest, heaviest land animal that ever lived. It developed on the island continent of South America during the Cretaceous period, after all of its more familiar Laurasian Jurassic kin — like Apatosaurus — had long disappeared. Argentinosaurus - Description. Not much of Argentinosaurus has been recovered: ...

Including:

• Argentinosaurus - Description
• Argentinosaurus - Classification and history

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The calcaneus is the large bone making up the heel of the human foot or the point of an animal's hock. Calcaneus - Human. It articulates with two other tarsal bones, the talus above and the cuboid toward the midfoot. In addition to receiving the weight of the body with each step, the calcaneus is the anchor for the plantar fascia, which supports the arch of the foot. The posterior-most portion of the calcaneus is the calcaneal tuberosity, a large, non-articulating process that is the i ...

Including:

• Calcaneus - Human
• Calcaneus - Horse

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Conservation status: Fossil A. atacis (type) Ampelosaurus atacis is a titanosaurid sauropod dinosaur hailing from the Late Cretaceous Marnes Rouges Inférieures Formation beds (spanning the Campanian and Maastrichtian epochs) located near Campagne-sur-Aude, Aude Department, France. Both the generic name and specific epithet refer to the fossil find’s location, respectively, near a vineyard, specifically the vineyard of ...

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In human and zoological anatomy (sometimes called zootomy), several terms are used to describe the location of organs and other structures in the body of bilateral animals. These terms are listed and explained here. In some cases, the terminology in human anatomy may differ from that in general anatomy. The anatomical position holds more relevant information on relations and terms of location for human anatomy. Anatomical terms of location - Directions. Anatomical terms of location - Ge ...

Including:

• Anatomical terms of location - Directions
• Anatomical terms of location - General usage
• Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy
• Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions
• Anatomical terms of location - Relative directions in the limbs
• Anatomical terms of location - Planes
• Anatomical terms of location - General usage
• Anatomical terms of location - Usage in human anatomy
• Anatomical terms of location - Relative motions

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Sternum or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). It connects to the rib bones via cartilage, forming the rib cage with them, and thus helps to protect the lungs and heart from physical trauma. The sternum is usually cut open (a sternotomy) to gain access to the thoracic contents when performing cardiothoracic surgery. Sternum - Overview. The sternum (Figs. 1 to 3) is an elongated, flattened bone, forming the middle portion of the anterior wall of the thor ...

Including:

• Sternum - Overview
• Sternum - Manubrium
• Sternum - Surfaces
• Sternum - Borders
• Sternum - Body
• Sternum - Surfaces
• Sternum - Borders
• Sternum - Xiphoid Process
• Sternum - Surfaces
• Sternum - Structure
• Sternum - Ossification
• Sternum - Articulations
• Sternum - Fractures of the Sternum

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Acheulean (also spelt Acheulian, pronounced ACH-OOL-IAN or ACH-OO-LAY-AN) is the name of an archaeological industry of stone tool manufacture mainly associated with prehistoric hominines during the Lower Palaeolithic era across Africa and south western Asia and Europe. Around one million years ago, it was Acheulean tool users who left Africa to first successfully colonise Eurasia[1] and their distinctive oval and pear-shaped handaxes ha ...

Including:

• Acheulean - Rediscovery
• Acheulean - Dating the Acheulean
• Acheulean - Acheulean flint tools
• Acheulean - Stages
• Acheulean - Manufacture
• Acheulean - Use
• Acheulean - Distribution
• Acheulean - Acheulean tool users
• Acheulean - Footnotes

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The fibula or calf bone is a bone placed on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected above and below. It is the smaller of the two bones, and, in proportion to its length, the most slender of all the long bones. Its upper extremity is small, placed toward the back of the head of the tibia, below the level of the knee-joint, and excluded from the formation of this joint. Its lower extremity inclines a little forward, so as to be on a plane anterior to that of the upper end; it projects below the tibia, and forms ...

Including:

• Fibula - The Upper Extremity or Head
• Fibula - The Body or Shaft
• Fibula - Borders
• Fibula - Surfaces
• Fibula - The Lower Extremity or Lateral Malleolus
• Fibula - Ossification

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In anatomy, the ankle, or ancle (a word common, in various forms, to Teutonic languages, probably connected in origin with the Latin angulus, or Greek αγκυλος, bent), is the part of the lower limb that is located between the foot and the leg, and is actually comprised of two separate joints: the talocrural joint (or "true" ankle joint) and the subtalar joint. The talocrural joint, is a synovial joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula with the proximal end of the talus and is respon ...

Including:

• Ankle - Fractures

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The anterior cruciate ligament (or ACL) is one of the four major ligaments of the knee. It connects from a posterio-lateral (back & outside) part of the femur to an anterio-medial (front & inside) part of the tibia. Damage to the ACL frequently occurs with lateral blows to the knee (as happens with a tackle from the side in American football) and often is accompanied by injuries to the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and the medial meniscus, which is attached to the MCL; physicians are taught "...knee injuries come in ...

Including:

• Anterior cruciate ligament - Treatment

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Conservation status: Fossil Allosauridae    Allosaurinae    ?Carcharodontosaurinae Sinraptoridae Carnosauria is a sub-group of Theropoda, a group of predatory dinosaurs. The best known dinosaur in this group is Allosaurus. Recently, scientists have discovered some very large carnosaurians in the allosaurid group such as Carcharodontosaurus , Giganotosaurus and Tyrannotitan which may hav ...

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Coelurosauria is a group of theropod dinosaurs that includes the subgroups Tyrannosauridae, Ornithomimidae, and Maniraptora. Coelurosaur characteristics include an extended sacrum, a distally stiffened tail and a bowed ulna. The tibia is also characteristically longer than the femur in coelurosaurs. Recent fossil evidence shows that some coelurosaurs were feathered, and it is conceivable (and indeed the most parsimonious hypothesis) that feathers may have been a feature of the entire group. Most coelurosaurs are bipedal ...

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The vomer bone is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and touches the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones. The vomeronasal organ, also called Jacobson's organ, is a chemoreceptor organ named for its closeness to the vomer and nasal bones, and is particularly developed in animals such as cats (who adopt a characteristic pose called the Flehmen reaction or flehming when making use of it), and is thought to have ...

Including:

• Vomer bone - Ossification
• Vomer bone - Articulations

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The cuboid bone is one of seven Tarsal bones. Distally, the Cuboid articulates with the fourth and fifth metatarsals, forming the fourth and fifth tarsometatarsal joints. Proximally, it articulates with the calcaneus, forming the calcaneocuboid joint. The medial surface of the bone articulates with both the lateral cuneiform bone and the navicular bone. The inferior surface has a groove on its distal th ...

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There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform and the lateral cuneiform. They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone. The first cuneiform (a.k.a. os cuneiform primum / medial cuneiform) is the largest of the cuneiforms. It is situated at the medial side of the foot, anterior to the navicular and posterior to the base of the first metatarsal. It articulates with four bones: the navi ...

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The ulna (Elbow Bone) [Figs. 1, 2] is a long bone, prismatic in form, placed at the medial side of the forearm, parallel with the radius. Ulna - Articulations. The ulna articulates with: the humerus, at the elbow as a hinge joint. the radius, near the elbow as a pivot joint, this allows the radius to cross over the ulna in pronation. the distal radius, where it fits into the ulna notch.

Yaws (also Frambesia tropica, thymosis, polypapilloma tropicum or pian) is a tropical infection of the skin, bones and joints caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pertenue. Other treponematosis diseases are bejel (Treponema endemicum), pinta (Treponema carateum), and syphilis (Treponema pallidum). The disease is transmitted by skin contact with infected individuals, the spirochete entering through an existing cut or similar damage. Within ninety days (but usually l ...

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The zygomatic bone (also known as the zygoma; Os Zygomaticum; Malar Bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. It articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It forms part of the orbit and is commonly referred to as the cheekbone. It is situated at the upper and lateral part of the face: it forms the prominence of the cheek, part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, and parts of the temporal and infratemporal fossae [Fig. 1]. It presents a malar and a temporal surface; ...

Including:

• Zygomatic bone - Surfaces
• Zygomatic bone - Processes
• Zygomatic bone - Borders
• Zygomatic bone - Ossification
• Zygomatic bone - Articulations

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The capitate bone (os capitatum; os magnum) is a bone in the human hand. The capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the center of the wrist. It presents, above, a rounded portion or head, which is received into the concavity formed by the navicular and lunate; a constricted portion or neck; and below this, the body. The superior surface is round, smooth, and articulates with the lunate bone. The inferior surface is divided by two ridges into three facets, for articulation with the second, third, and fourth metacarpal bones, that for the third being the largest.< ...

Including:

• Capitate bone - Articulations

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