Three Bards

A bard is a poet or singer, in religious or feudal contexts. Bard - Etymology. The word is a loanword from Proto-Celtic *bardos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gwerh2: "to raise the voice; praise". The word entered the West Germanic languages twice. The first recorded example is in 1449 from the Scottish Gaelic language into the Scots Language, denoting an itinerant musician, usually with a contemptuous connotation. A Scots ordnance of ca. 1500 orders that Including:

• Bard - Etymology
• Bard - Uses

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Polish literature - Middle Ages. The earliest monuments of Polish literature date back to the Middle Ages. Inspired by Christian traditions recently imported from elsewhere in Europe, local anonymous copyists prepared copies of books — mostly religious — that were popular in western Europe. About the 11th century local scriptoria were founded, and the first books were created on Polish soil. Notable examples of early Polish books include the Latin Mis ...

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Polish literature, Polish literature - History, Polish literature - Middle Ages, Polish literature - Renaissance, Polish literature - List of names, Polish literature - Writers and novelists, Polish literature - Poets, Polish literature - Essayists

Read more here: » Polish literature: Encyclopedia II - Polish literature - History

The word is a loanword from Proto-Celtic *bardos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gwerh2: "to raise the voice; praise". The word entered the West Germanic languages twice. The first recorded example is in 1449 from the Scottish Gaelic language into the Scots Language, denoting an itinerant musician, usually with a contemptuous connotation. A Scots ordnance of ca. 1500 orders that "All vagabundis, fulis, bardis, scudlaris, and siclike idill pepill, sall be brint on the cheek". The word subsequently entered the English language ...

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Bard, Bard - Etymology, Bard - Uses

Read more here: » Bard: Encyclopedia II - Bard - Etymology

In modern Wales the Gorsedd of Bards is a society whose honorary membership is those who have done great things for Wales. In the 20th century, the word lost much of its original connotation of Celtic revivalism or Romanticism, and could refer to any professional poet or singer, sometimes in a mildly ironic tone. In the Soviet Union, singers who were outside the establishment were called bards from the 1960s. Bards make up one of the three grades of the Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids, a Neo-Dr ...

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Bard, Bard - Etymology, Bard - Uses

Read more here: » Bard: Encyclopedia II - Bard - Uses

Polish literature - Writers and novelists. Main article: List of Polish language authors Writers in chronological order of birth: Ignacy Krasicki (1735–1801) Jan Potocki (1761–1815) Józef Ignacy Kraszewski (1812–1887) Eliza Orzeszkowa (1841–1910) Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846–1916), Nobel Prize in Literature in 1905 Bolesław Prus (1847–1912) Stefan Żeromski (1864–1925) Władysław Reymont (1867–1925), Nobel Pri ...

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Polish literature, Polish literature - History, Polish literature - Middle Ages, Polish literature - Renaissance, Polish literature - List of names, Polish literature - Writers and novelists, Polish literature - Poets, Polish literature - Essayists

Read more here: » Polish literature: Encyclopedia II - Polish literature - List of names

The style and personality of Polish life has been shaped over a thousand years. The national culture developed at the crossroads of the Latinate and Byzantine worlds, in continual dialogue with the many ethnic groups in Poland. The people of Poland have always been hospitable to artists from abroad, and eager to follow what was happening in other countries. In the 19th and 20th centuries Poles' concentration on cultural advancement often took the place of political and economic activity. These factors have contributed to the versatile character ...

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Culture of Poland, Culture of Poland - History, Culture of Poland - Main areas, Culture of Poland - Specific articles

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A partial list of famous people buried in the Père-Lachaise Cemetery: Pierre Abélard (1079-1142), medieval French scholastic philosopher, famous for affair with student, Héloïse. Marie d'Agoult (1805-1876), author Guillaume Apollinaire (1880-1918), poet & soldier, coined term "surrealism." Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899-1974), Guatemalan author, winner of the 1967 Nobel Prize in literature Hubertine Auclert (1848-1914), French feminist Jean-Pierre Aumont (1911-2001), actor ...

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Père Lachaise, Père Lachaise - Origins, Père Lachaise - Famous Personalities Interred

Read more here: » Père Lachaise: Encyclopedia II - Père Lachaise - Famous Personalities Interred

The name of the cemetery comes from Père François de la Chaise (1624-1709). He was the confessor of Louis XIV, and lived in the Jesuit house rebuilt in 1682 on the site of the chapel. The property, situated on the side of a hill from which the king, during the Fronde, watched skirmishing between the Condé and Turenne, was bought by the city in 1804 and laid out by Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart, and later extended. The cemetery was established by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804. Cemeteries had been banned inside Paris in 1786 af ...

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Père Lachaise, Père Lachaise - Origins, Père Lachaise - Famous Personalities Interred

Read more here: » Père Lachaise: Encyclopedia II - Père Lachaise - Origins