In probability theory, the characteristic function of any probability distribution on the real line is given by the following formula, where X is any random variable with the distribution in question: where t is a real number and E denotes the expected value. If FX is the cumulative distribution function, then the characteristic function is given by the Riemann-Stieltjes integral In cases in which there is a probabili ...

Including:

• Characteristic function probability theory - The inversion theorem
• Characteristic function probability theory - The continuity theorem
• Characteristic function probability theory - Uses of characteristic functions
• Characteristic function probability theory - Related concepts

Read more here: » Characteristic function probability theory: Encyclopedia - Characteristic function probability theory

See also:

Value theory, Value theory - Origins, Value theory - Characteristics, Value theory - Psychology, Value theory - Sociology, Value theory - Ecological Economics

Read more here: » Value theory: Encyclopedia II - Value theory - Characteristics

Characteristic functions are particularly useful for dealing with functions of independent random variables. For example, if X1, X2, ..., Xn is a sequence of independent (and not necessarily identically distributed) random variables, and where the ai are constants, then the characteristic function for Sn is given by Because of the continuity theorem, ch ...

See also:

Characteristic function probability theory, Characteristic function probability theory - The inversion theorem, Characteristic function probability theory - The continuity theorem, Characteristic function probability theory - Uses of characteristic functions, Characteristic function probability theory - Related concepts

Read more here: » Characteristic function probability theory: Encyclopedia II - Characteristic function probability theory - Uses of characteristic functions

Theory has a number of distinct meanings in different fields of knowledge, depending on the context and their methodologies. Theory - Etymology. The word ‘theory’ derives from the Greek ‘theorein’, which means ‘to look at’. According to some sources, it was used frequently in terms of ‘looking at’ a theatre stage, which may explain why sometimes the word ‘theory’ is used as something provisional or not completely resembling real. The term ‘theoria’ (a noun) was already used by ...

Including:

• Theory - Etymology
• Theory - Science
• Theory - Models
• Theory - Types of theories
• Theory - Further explanation of a scientific theory
• Theory - Characteristics
• Theory - Mathematics
• Theory - Other fields
• Theory - List of famous theories
• Theory - Reference

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Value theory concerns itself with the worth, utility, trading or economic value, moral value, legal value, quantitative or aesthetic value of people and things - or the combination of all these. Value theory - Origins. Research suggests both human beings and at least some other sentient organisms can hold values, which express themselves in behavioural dispositions - the predisposition to act by choice in a certain way, when faced with a certain condition or stimulus which permits different responses. The expressi ...

Including:

• Value theory - Origins
• Value theory - Characteristics
• Value theory - Psychology
• Value theory - Sociology
• Value theory - Ecological Economics

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Acid-base reaction theories pH Self-ionization of water Buffer solutions Systematic naming Redox reactions Electrochemistry Acids: Strong acids Weak acids Bases: Strong bases Weak bases The common (Arrhenius) definition of a base is a chemical compound that absorbs hydronium ions when dissolved in water (a proton acceptor). An alkali is a special example of a base, where in an aqueous environment, h ...

Including:

• Base chemistry - Common bases
• Base chemistry - Bases and pH
• Base chemistry - Characteristics of Bases
• Base chemistry - Neutralization of acids
• Base chemistry - Alkalinity of non-hydroxides
• Base chemistry - Bases as heterogeneous catalysts

Read more here: » Base chemistry: Encyclopedia - Base chemistry

Vincent Valentine is one of two hidden characters in the PlayStation RPG Final Fantasy VII, the other being Yuffie Kisaragi. He has also appeared in the fighting game Ehrgeiz and is the main character in the upcoming game Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII. He also serves as a supporting character in the CGI follow-up to Final Fantasy VII, Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children. He appears as a tall, brooding man with long, unkempt black hair wearing a ragged red cloak over black clothes. His left arm ...

Including:

• Vincent Valentine - Background
• Vincent Valentine - Characteristics and abilities
• Vincent Valentine - Theories
• Vincent Valentine - Advent Children
• Vincent Valentine - Dirge of Cerberus
• Vincent Valentine - Ehrgeiz
• Vincent Valentine - Trivia
• Vincent Valentine - Footnotes

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A Bose-Einstein condensate is a phase of matter formed by bosons cooled to temperatures very near to absolute zero. The first such condensate was produced by Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman in 1995 at the University of Colorado at Boulder, using a gas of rubidium atoms cooled to 170 nanokelvins (nK). Under such conditions, a large fraction of the atoms collapse into the lowest quantum state. Bose-Einstein condensate - Introduction. Bose-Einstein condensates are best known to laymen as extremely low temperature ...

Including:

• Bose-Einstein condensate - Introduction
• Bose-Einstein condensate - Theory
• Bose-Einstein condensate - Discovery
• Bose-Einstein condensate - Unusual characteristics
• Bose-Einstein condensate - Current research

Read more here: » Bose-Einstein condensate: Encyclopedia - Bose-Einstein condensate

In quantum mechanics a coherent state is a specific kind of quantum state of the quantum harmonic oscillator whose dynamics most closely resemble the oscillating behaviour of a classical harmonic oscillator system. It was the first example of quantum dynamics when Erwin Schrödinger derived it in 1926 while searching for solutions of the Schrödinger equation that satisfy the correspondence principle. The quantum harmonic oscillator and hence, the coherent state, arise in the quantum theory of a wide range of physical systems. For ins ...

Including:

• Coherent state - Coherent states in quantum optics
• Coherent state - Quantum mechanical definition
• Coherent state - Mathematical characteristics
• Coherent state - Coherent states of Bose-Einstein condensates
• Coherent state - Generalizations

Read more here: » Coherent state: Encyclopedia - Coherent state

Asperger syndrome (sometimes called Asperger's syndrome, AS, or the more common shorthand Asperger's), is characterized as one of the five pervasive developmental disorders, and is commonly referred to as a form of high-functioning autism. In very broad terms, individuals with Asperger's have normal or above average intellectual capacity, and atypical or less well developed social skills, often with emotional/social development or integration happening later than usual as a result. The term "Asperger's synd ...

Including:

• Asperger syndrome - Prevalence
• Asperger syndrome - Characteristics
• Asperger syndrome - Social impairments
• Asperger syndrome - Narrow intense interests
• Asperger syndrome - Speech and language peculiarities
• Asperger syndrome - Other characteristics
• Asperger syndrome - Living with Asperger syndrome
• Asperger syndrome - Definitions and diagnostic criteria
• Asperger syndrome - Relationship to autism
• Asperger syndrome - Possible causes and origins
• Asperger syndrome - A gift and a curse
• Asperger syndrome - Speculation about recognized people who may have Asperger syndrome
• Asperger syndrome - Shift away from view as a disease
• Asperger syndrome - Criticisms and controversies
• Asperger syndrome - Asperger syndrome as a social construct
• Asperger syndrome - The extreme male brain theory
• Asperger syndrome - Culture

Read more here: » Asperger syndrome: Encyclopedia - Asperger syndrome

Technology is a word with origins in the Greek word technologia (τεχνολογια), techne (τεχνη) "craft" + logia (λογια) "saying". It is an encompassing term dealing with the use and knowledge of humanity's tools and crafts. Technology as tool-In its most common usage, technology is the tools and machines that help to solve problems. In this usage, technology is a far-reaching term that can include both simple tools, such as a wooden spoon, and complex tools, such as the space station. < ...

Including:

• Technology - Science and technology
• Technology - History of technology
• Technology - The nature of technology
• Technology - General characteristics
• Technology - Types of technology
• Technology - Relationship with society
• Technology - Economics and technological development
• Technology - Funding
• Technology - Other economic considerations
• Technology - Side effects
• Technology - Sociological
• Technology - International
• Technology - Environmental
• Technology - Control
• Technology - Autonomous technology
• Technology - Government
• Technology - Choice
• Technology - Technology and philosophy
• Technology - Technicism
• Technology - Optimism pessimism and appropriate technology
• Technology - Theories and concepts in technology

Read more here: » Technology: Encyclopedia - Technology

The xenomorph is a fictional extraterrestrial life form of unknown origin from the Alien universe, created by writers Dan O'Bannon and Ronald Shusset. The original alien design was created by Swiss surrealist artist H. R. Giger. The xenomorph is a hive organism, reproducing through parasitical means. The xenomorph lives to serve the hive and its sole purpose is that goal, being an efficiently designed killing machine. In the words of one observer, "A perfect organism. Its structural perfection is matched only by its hostility, ...

Including:

• Xenomorph - The name
• Xenomorph - Characteristics
• Xenomorph - Life cycle
• Xenomorph - Behavioural & defensive attributes
• Xenomorph - The Queen
• Xenomorph - Birth
• Xenomorph - Hive relationships
• Xenomorph - Design
• Xenomorph - Non-Canon castes
• Xenomorph - Praetorian
• Xenomorph - PredAlien
• Xenomorph - Queen Mother
• Xenomorph - Empress
• Xenomorph - PredQueen
• Xenomorph - Rogue
• Xenomorph - K-Series
• Xenomorph - Carrier/Ravager
• Xenomorph - Xenoborg
• Xenomorph - Human-Alien
• Xenomorph - Other non-canon castes
• Xenomorph - Variations
• Xenomorph - Body shape
• Xenomorph - Tail
• Xenomorph - Head
• Xenomorph - Fingers
• Xenomorph - Reproduction
• Xenomorph - Debate
• Xenomorph - DNA assimilation
• Xenomorph - Caste/cowl
• Xenomorph - Endoskeleton
• Xenomorph - Genetic adaptability
• Xenomorph - Theories
• Xenomorph - Movie appearances

Read more here: » Xenomorph: Encyclopedia - Xenomorph

In common usage, the word capitalism means an economic system in which all or most of the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit, and the investment of capital is privately determined; and in which production, distribution, and prices of goods, services, and labor are determined mainly through the influence of the forces of supply and demand in the operation of a free market . Capitalism has also been referred by various sources by the terms free market economy, free enterprise system,e ...

Including:

• Capitalism - Etymology
• Capitalism - Capitalist theory
• Capitalism - Contrasts with capitalism
• Capitalism - History of capitalism
• Capitalism - Capitalism as a theory
• Capitalism - Capitalism as a practice
• Capitalism - Characteristics of capitalist economies
• Capitalism - Private ownership of the means of production
• Capitalism - Free market
• Capitalism - Profit
• Capitalism - Self interest
• Capitalism - Private enterprise
• Capitalism - Economic growth
• Capitalism - Economic mobility
• Capitalism - Self-organization
• Capitalism - Which economies are capitalist?
• Capitalism - Criticisms of capitalism
• Capitalism - Unequal distribution of wealth and income
• Capitalism - Employment/unemployment
• Capitalism - Marxist critique of capitalism
• Capitalism - Capitalism in decline or on the rise?
• Capitalism - Sustainability
• Capitalism - Human rights violations imperialism and democracy
• Capitalism - Other approaches
• Capitalism - Capitalism in political ideologies
• Capitalism - Indices of economic freedom
• Capitalism - Notes

Read more here: » Capitalism: Encyclopedia - Capitalism

The concept of property or ownership has no single or universally accepted definition. Like other foundational concepts which have great weight in public discourse, popular usage varies broadly. Various scholarly communities (e.g., law, economics, anthropology, sociology) may treat the concept more systematically, but their definitions likewise vary within and between fields. In common use, property is simply 'one's own thing' and refers to the relationship between individuals and the objects which they see as being thei ...

Including:

• Property ownership right - Use of the term
• Property ownership right - General characteristics
• Property ownership right - Theories of property
• Property ownership right - Property in English philosophy
• Property ownership right - Thomas Hobbes 1600's
• Property ownership right - James Harrington 1600's
• Property ownership right - Robert Filmer 1600's
• Property ownership right - John Locke 1600's
• Property ownership right - William Blackstone 1700's
• Property ownership right - Contemporary
• Property ownership right - Types of property
• Property ownership right - What can be property?
• Property ownership right - Who can be an owner?

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Autism is classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests itself in markedly abnormal social interaction, communication ability, patterns of interests, and patterns of behavior. Although the specific etiology of autism is unknown, many researchers suspect that autism results from genetically mediated vulnerabilities to environmental triggers. And while there is disagreement about the magnitude, nature, and mechanisms for such environmental factors, researchers have found at least seven major genes prevalent among ind ...

Including:

• Autism - History
• Autism - Terminology
• Autism - Characteristics
• Autism - Social development
• Autism - Sensory system
• Autism - Communication difficulties
• Autism - Repetitive behaviors
• Autism - Effects in education
• Autism - DSM definition
• Autism - Types of autism
• Autism - Asperger's and Kanner's syndrome
• Autism - Autism as a spectrum disorder
• Autism - Models
• Autism - Epidemiology
• Autism - Theories of the etiology of autism
• Autism - Increase in diagnoses of autism
• Autism - Therapies
• Autism - Applied Behavior Analysis
• Autism - Relationship Development Intervention
• Autism - Son-Rise
• Autism - Snoezelen
• Autism - Autism and computing
• Autism - Gluten-free casein-free diet
• Autism - MB12
• Autism - Sociology
• Autism - Community and politics
• Autism - Culture
• Autism - Autistic adults
• Autism - Autistic savants
• Autism - Other pervasive developmental disorders
• Autism - Rett syndrome
• Autism - Childhood disintegrative disorder
• Autism - Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified
• Autism - Footnotes

Read more here: » Autism: Encyclopedia - Autism

--199.185.88.18 18:31, 10 January 2006 (UTC)Insert formula here:For the 1994 Hong Kong film, see Wing Chun (film) Wing Chun (Chinese: 詠春; Hanyu Pinyin: yǒng chūn; Yale Cantonese: wing2 cheun1), also romanized Ving Tsun, is a system of Chinese martial arts with an emphasis on unarmed close-range fighting, although its curriculum includes weapons and techniques suitable for various ranges. Wing Chun - ...

Including:

• Wing Chun - History
• Wing Chun - Oral histories
• Wing Chun - Theories
• Wing Chun - The origins of Wing Chun's branches
• Wing Chun - Recent History
• Wing Chun - Notes
• Wing Chun - Curriculum
• Wing Chun - Forms
• Wing Chun - Chi Sao sticking hands
• Wing Chun - Wing Chun Kuen Kuit
• Wing Chun - Principles
• Wing Chun - Practicality
• Wing Chun - Efficiency
• Wing Chun - Economy of Movement
• Wing Chun - Characteristics
• Wing Chun - Balance and Structure
• Wing Chun - Relaxation
• Wing Chun - Centerline
• Wing Chun - The Wing Chun punch
• Wing Chun - Uncommitted techniques
• Wing Chun - Trapping Skills and Sensitivity
• Wing Chun - Close Range
• Wing Chun - Branches

Read more here: » Wing Chun: Encyclopedia - Wing Chun

A UFO or Unidentified Flying Object is simply defined as any object or optical phenomenon observed in the sky which cannot be identified, even after being thoroughly investigated by qualified people. A fuller definition was given by Dr. J. Allen Hynek, late astronomer, U.S. Air Force consultant and UFO proponent, as "the reported perception of an object or light seen in the sky or upon the land the appearance, trajectory, and general dynamic and luminescent behaviour of which do not suggest a logical, conve ...

Including:

• Unidentified flying object - History
• Unidentified flying object - Etymology
• Unidentified flying object - Foreign versions of term
• Unidentified flying object - Pronunciation
• Unidentified flying object - UFOs and popular culture
• Unidentified flying object - Typical reported characteristics of UFOs
• Unidentified flying object - Scientific UFO field studies
• Unidentified flying object - Norway
• Unidentified flying object - United States
• Unidentified flying object - Official governmental studies
• Unidentified flying object - Canada
• Unidentified flying object - United States
• Unidentified flying object - Civilian UFO investigation groups
• Unidentified flying object - United States
• Unidentified flying object - Other UFO organizations
• Unidentified flying object - Science and UFOs
• Unidentified flying object - Physical evidence
• Unidentified flying object - Identified flying objects IFOs
• Unidentified flying object - Popular ideas for explaining UFOs
• Unidentified flying object - Evidence and explanations
• Unidentified flying object - Evidence and suppression
• Unidentified flying object - Hoaxes or reality
• Unidentified flying object - Psychology
• Unidentified flying object - Paranormal mystical and occult crossover
• Unidentified flying object - Politics
• Unidentified flying object - Conspiracy theories
• Unidentified flying object - Notable UFO-related sightings and events
• Unidentified flying object - Prominent UFO researchers
• Unidentified flying object - Theories
• Unidentified flying object - Film and television
• Unidentified flying object - Sources

Read more here: » Unidentified flying object: Encyclopedia - Unidentified flying object

More than that, there is a bijection between cumulative probability distribution functions and characteristic functions. In other words, two distinct probability distributions never share the same characteristic function. Given a characteristic function φ, it is possible to reconstruct the corresponding cumulative probability distribution function F: In general this is an improper integral; the function being integrated may be only conditionally integrable rathe ...

See also:

Characteristic function probability theory, Characteristic function probability theory - The inversion theorem, Characteristic function probability theory - The continuity theorem, Characteristic function probability theory - Uses of characteristic functions, Characteristic function probability theory - Related concepts

Read more here: » Characteristic function probability theory: Encyclopedia II - Characteristic function probability theory - The inversion theorem

In sociology, value theory is concerned with personal values which are popularly held by a community, and how those values might change under particular conditions. Different groups of people may hold or prioritise different kinds of values influencing social behaviour. Major Western theorists include Max Weber, Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Jurgen Habermas, and methods of study range from questionnaire surveys ...

See also:

Value theory, Value theory - Origins, Value theory - Characteristics, Value theory - Psychology, Value theory - Sociology, Value theory - Ecological Economics

Read more here: » Value theory: Encyclopedia II - Value theory - Sociology

While in hyperspace, starships are typically isolated from the normal universe; they cannot communicate with nor perceive things in real space until they emerge. Often there can be no interaction between two ships even when both are in hyperspace. To people traveling in hyperspace, time typically moves at its normal pace; 24 hours in hyperspace equates to 24 hours in real space. Hyperspace itself may appear as swirling colors, total blackness, or as somethi ...

See also:

Hyperdrive, Hyperdrive - The Theory of Hyperdrive, Hyperdrive - Characteristics of Hyperdrive, Hyperdrive - Examples of Science Fiction With Hyperdrive

Read more here: » Hyperdrive: Encyclopedia II - Hyperdrive - Characteristics of Hyperdrive