Theory has a number of distinct meanings in different fields of knowledge, depending on the context and their methodologies. Theory - Etymology. The word ‘theory’ derives from the Greek ‘theorein’, which means ‘to look at’. According to some sources, it was used frequently in terms of ‘looking at’ a theatre stage, which may explain why sometimes the word ‘theory’ is used as something provisional or not completely resembling real. The term ‘theoria’ (a noun) was already used by ...

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• Theory - Etymology
• Theory - Science
• Theory - Models
• Theory - Types of theories
• Theory - Further explanation of a scientific theory
• Theory - Characteristics
• Theory - Mathematics
• Theory - Other fields
• Theory - List of famous theories
• Theory - Reference

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In this theory management assumes employees are ambitious, self-motivated, anxious to accept greater responsibility, and exercise self-control and self-direction. It is believed that employees enjoy their mental and physical work activities. It is also believed that employees have the desire to be imaginative and creative in their jobs if they are given a chance. There is an opportunity for greater productivity ...

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Theory X and theory Y, Theory X and theory Y - Theory X, Theory X and theory Y - Theory Y, Theory X and theory Y - McGregor and Maslow's hierarchy, Theory X and theory Y - Characteristics of the X Theory Manager, Theory X and theory Y - Managing an X Theory boss, Theory X and theory Y - Criticisms

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The theory held that changes in temperature are due to the transfer of an imponderable fluid, invisible and weightless, called caloric. The theory originally hinged on two key assumptions: That heat was a 'self-repulsive' (or 'elastic', or 'expansive') substance, while it was attracted to ordinary matter; and That temperature was the density of caloric^{See also:}

Caloric theory, Caloric theory - History, Caloric theory - Theory, Caloric theory - Successes, Caloric theory - Demise, Caloric theory - Significance in the philosophy of science, Caloric theory - Notes

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The theory holds that all flammable materials contain phlogiston (derived noun form of the Greek phlogistos, meaning flammable), a substance without color, odor, taste, or weight that is liberated in burning. Once burned, the "dephlogisticated" substance was held to be in its "true" form, the calx. "Phlogisticated" substances are those that contain phlogiston and are "dephlogisticated" when burned. Since any substance could be observed to burn for only a limited time with limited air (for instance in a sealed container), air was thought ...

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Phlogiston theory, Phlogiston theory - Theory, Phlogiston theory - Challenge and demise, Phlogiston theory - Bibliography

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Since, historically, most countries received their law through colonial transplantation, law is considered to be exogenous to the analysis. Some economists have thus classified countries on whether they adhere to common law or whether their legal system is based on French civil law, German civil law or Scandinavian civil law and done empirical research finding correlations between economic indicators and that classification. The basic thrust of the theory is that common law, as opposed to French civil law, and to a lesser degree to Ge ...

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Legal origins theory, Legal origins theory - Theory, Legal origins theory - Criticism, Legal origins theory - Proponents

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Charles went house-hunting by day. At night he thought about "innumerable variations" (which he still thought were acquired in some way) with competitive nature selecting the best leading to step by step change, while vestigial organs like the human coccyx (tail) were not, as commonly thought, God "rounding out his original thought [to its] exhaustion", but ancestral remnants pointing to "the parent of man". Darwin considered Malthus's argument, that human populations breed beyond their means and compete to survive, in relation to his ...

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Inception of Darwin's theory, Inception of Darwin's theory - Summary - outline of inception of theory, Inception of Darwin's theory - Background: influences, Inception of Darwin's theory - Return to celebrity and science, Inception of Darwin's theory - Owen and fossils, Inception of Darwin's theory - Geological début species related to places, Inception of Darwin's theory - Transmutation, Inception of Darwin's theory - Secret notebooks, Inception of Darwin's theory - Animal observations, Inception of Darwin's theory - Secret speculations, Inception of Darwin's theory - Thoughts of marriage, Inception of Darwin's theory - Malthus and Natural Law, Inception of Darwin's theory - Proposal, Inception of Darwin's theory - Theory, Inception of Darwin's theory - Stress, Inception of Darwin's theory - Marriage, Inception of Darwin's theory - Reference

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In scientific usage, a theory does not mean an unsubstantiated guess or hunch, as it does in other contexts. Neither is a scientific theory a fact. Scientific theories are never proven to be true, but can be disproven. All scientific understanding takes the form of hypotheses, theories, or laws. Theories are typically ways of explaining why things happen, often, but not always after their occurrence is no longer in scientific dispute. In referring to the "theory of global warming" for example, the worldwide ...

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Theory, Theory - Etymology, Theory - Science, Theory - Models, Theory - Types of theories, Theory - Further explanation of a scientific theory, Theory - Characteristics, Theory - Mathematics, Theory - Other fields, Theory - List of famous theories, Theory - Reference

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In scientific usage, a theory does not mean an unsubstantiated guess or hunch, as it often does in other contexts. Scientific theories are never proven to be true, but can be disproven. All scientific understanding takes the form of hypotheses, or conjectures. A theory is in this context a set of hypotheses that are logically bound together (See also hypothetico-deductive method). Theories are typically ways of explaining why things happen, often, but not always after their occurrence is no longer in scientific di ...

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Theory, Theory - Etymology, Theory - Science, Theory - Models, Theory - Types of theories, Theory - Further explanation of a scientific theory, Theory - Characteristics, Theory - Mathematics, Theory - Other fields, Theory - List of famous theories, Theory - Reference

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Complexity theory can refer to more than one thing: Computational complexity theory: a field in theoretical computer science and mathematics dealing with the resources required during computation to solve a given problem The theoretical treatment of descriptive complexity (or Kolmogorov complexity) of a string is studied in algorithmic information theory by identifying the length of the shortest binary program which can output that string. Systems theory (or systemics o

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The term Choice Theory is closely associated with the work of Dr. William Glasser, MD, author of the book so named, and is the culmination of some 50 years of theory and practice in psychology and counseling. Choice theory is also a discipline of analyzing the mathematical nature of the choice behavior of economic agents in microeconomics. For choice theory in economics, see rational choice theory. Choice Theory posits that behavior is central to our existence and is driven by five genetically driven needs, similar to those of Maslow: Survival (food, clothing, sh ...

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The caloric theory of heat is an obsolete scientific theory in thermodynamics, developed mostly during the 18th and 19th centuries. Caloric theory - History. In the history of thermodynamics, the initial explanations of heat were thoroughly confused with explanations of combustion. After J. J. Becher and Georg Ernst Stahl introduced the phlogiston theory of combustion in the 17th century, phlogiston was thought to be the substance of heat. The calorific theory was introduced by Antoine ...

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• Caloric theory - History
• Caloric theory - Theory
• Caloric theory - Successes
• Caloric theory - Demise
• Caloric theory - Significance in the philosophy of science
• Caloric theory - Notes

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Vapnik Chervonenkis theory (also known as VC theory) was developed during 1960-1990 by Vladimir Vapnik and Alexey Chervonenkis. The theory is a form of computational learning theory, which attempts to explains the learning process from a statistical point of view. VC theory is also referred to as statistical learning theory by Vapnik and his close colleagues. VC theory covers four parts (as explained in The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory): Theory of consistency of learning process ...

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In sociology and biology, conflict theory states that the society or organization functions so that each individual participant and its groups struggle to maximize their benefits, which inevitably contributes to social change such as changes in politics and revolutions. The theory is mostly applied to explain conflict between social classes in ideologies such as socialism and communism. The theory attempts to refute functionalism, which considers that societies and organization function so that each individual and group plays a specif ...

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The accretion theory, in astrophysics, is a scientific theory of the formation of our Solar system. The theory maintains that there existed a large, dense cloud of interstellar gas (the solar nebula), which began contracting under the pressure of its own gravity. In order to conserve its angular momentum, the nebula also began rotating, turning into an accretion disc, with a lump of matter accumulating at the center (the protosun). This lump eventually reached the conditions of temperature and pressure neede ...

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Central Place Theory is a geographical theory that seeks to explain the size and spacing of human settlements. It rests on the notion that centralisation is a natural principle of order and that human settlements follow it. Created by Walter Christaller, the theory suggests that there are laws determining the number, size and distribution of towns. He was interested only in their functions as markets, thus excluding specialist towns such as mining settlements. He argued that the significance of a town cannot be measured by popu ...

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• Central Place Theory - Building the theory
• Central Place Theory - Predictions of the theory
• Central Place Theory - Evaluation

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Bartopian Theory - The Bartopian Theory. A theory first proposed by the Russian Dr.S.Lunskaya in 1972, that humans were actually created as the result of Aliens copulating with Monkeys thousands upon thousands of years ago. The basis of this theory is studies of the Bible and other ancient religious manuscripts with the idea that the stories of angels coming down from the skies are actually descriptions of aliens and their space crafts. More of an expansion on the theory as put forward b ...

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• Bartopian Theory - The Bartopian Theory

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In the humanities and social sciences, critical theory has two quite different meanings with different origins and histories, one originating in social theory and the other in literary criticism. Though until recently these two meanings had little to do with each other, since the 1970s there has been some overlap between these disciplines. This has led to "critical theory" becoming an umbrella term for an array of theories within academia. This article focuses primarily on the differences and similarities between them. C ...

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• Critical theory - Critical theory social theory
• Critical theory - Critical theory literary criticism
• Critical theory - Relationship between the two versions
• Critical theory - Overlap between the two versions of critical theory
• Critical theory - Within social theory
• Critical theory - Within literary theory
• Critical theory - Language and construction
• Critical theory - Language and communication
• Critical theory - Construction

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Information theory is the mathematical theory of data communication and storage, generally considered to have been founded in 1948 by Claude E. Shannon. The central paradigm of classic information theory is the engineering problem of the transmission of information over a noisy channel. The most fundamental results of this theory are Shannon's source coding theorem, which establishes that on average the number of bits needed to communicate the result of an uncertain event is given by the entropy of that uncertainty; and ...

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• Information theory - Mathematical preliminaries
• Information theory - Basic Concepts for Discrete Channels
• Information theory - Self-information
• Information theory - Entropy
• Information theory - Joint Entropy
• Information theory - Conditional Entropy Equivocation
• Information theory - Mutual Information Transinformation
• Information theory - Continuous Channels
• Information theory - Channel Capacity
• Information theory - Source Theory
• Information theory - Rate
• Information theory - Fundamental Theorem
• Information theory - Statement Noisy-Channel Coding Theorem
• Information theory - Channel capacity of particular model channels
• Information theory - Related Concepts
• Information theory - Measure Theory
• Information theory - Kolmogorov Complexity
• Information theory - Applications
• Information theory - Coding Theory
• Information theory - Cryptography Cryptanalysis
• Information theory - Relation with thermodynamic entropy
• Information theory - Quantum Information Theory
• Information theory - Detection and Estimation Theory
• Information theory - Gambling
• Information theory - Intelligence
• Information theory - Music
• Information theory - History

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Contract theory, though on this website, described as a 'theory', is really many different theories and various interpretations of the various body of rules and subrules that define Contract Law. Contract theory - Classical contract theory. Classical contract theory is the set of ideas and assumptions that underpinned the development of contract law in England and the United States during the 19th century. During this period, the prevailing liberal individualist philosophy of laissez faire elevated contract ...

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• Contract theory - Classical contract theory
• Contract theory - Criticism of classical theory
• Contract theory - Why Are Contracts Enforced
• Contract theory - Default Rules and Complete Contracts
• Contract theory - Economics

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