terrorists

François-Noël Babeuf (November 23, 1760 - May 27, 1797), known as Gracchus Babeuf, was a French political agitator and journalist of the revolutionary period. He was executed for his role in the Conspiracy of the Equals. Although the words "socialist" and "communist" did not exist in Babeuf's lifetime, they have both been used to describe his ideas, by later scholars. Babeuf was born at Saint-Quentin. His father, Claude Babeuf, had deserted the French army in 1738 for that of Maria Theresa of Austria, rising, it ...

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Conventional warfare is a form of warfare conducted by using conventional military weapons and battlefield tactics between two or more states in open confrontation. The forces on each side are well-defined, and fight using weapons that primarily target the opposing army. It is normally fought through means other than with weapons of mass destruction, namely chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons. The general purpose of conventional warfare is to destroy the opponent's military force, thereby negating his ability to engage in ...

Including:

• Conventional warfare - History
• Conventional warfare - Formation of the state
• Conventional warfare - The Clausewitzian paradigm
• Conventional warfare - Prevalence
• Conventional warfare - Decline
• Conventional warfare - Replacement

Read more here: » Conventional warfare: Encyclopedia - Conventional warfare

Pat Buchanan - Statements about women. In a 1983 syndicated column, Buchanan wrote that women are "simply not endowed by nature with the same measures of single-minded ambition and the will to succeed in the fiercely competitive world of Western capitalism." In Right from the Beginning, his autobiography, Buchanan wrote that "The real liberators of American women were not the feminist noise-makers, they were the automobile, the supermarket, the shopping center, the dishwasher, the washer-dryer, the ...

See also:

Pat Buchanan, Pat Buchanan - Early life, Pat Buchanan - Political views, Pat Buchanan - Presidential campaigns, Pat Buchanan - 1992, Pat Buchanan - 1996, Pat Buchanan - 2000, Pat Buchanan - Controversial views, Pat Buchanan - Statements about women, Pat Buchanan - Statements about segregation and the Civil War, Pat Buchanan - Statements about Israel Hitler the Holocaust and accused Nazis, Pat Buchanan - Statements about Canada, Pat Buchanan - Statements opposing Free Trade, Pat Buchanan - Trivia, Pat Buchanan - Books

Read more here: » Pat Buchanan: Encyclopedia II - Pat Buchanan - Controversial views

After major combat operations ended, US President George W. Bush set up the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) and led by United States civilian administrator Paul Bremer. On July 22, 2003, the CPA formed the Iraqi Governing Council. The council created a provisional constitution guaranteeing freedom of religion but also forbidding any law to be created that violates the principles of Islam. The multinational forces set June 30 as the deadline for transferring power back to the Iraqis. As the deadline loomed, fighting increased, wi ...

See also:

Iraqi sovereignty, Iraqi sovereignty - History, Iraqi sovereignty - Controversy

Read more here: » Iraqi sovereignty: Encyclopedia II - Iraqi sovereignty - History

When two trains crash in Russia, one of them carrying a nuclear payload, a nuclear explosion follows. White House nuclear expert Dr. Julia Kelly (Kidman) thinks this wasn't an accident and asks the help of Special Forces Intelligence Officer Colonel Thomas Devoe (Clooney), who has Russian contacts and is convinced that terrorists are behind the crash. One of the terrorists, Dušan Gavrić (Marcel Iures), is a Yugoslav without identity ("I am a Serb, a Croat, and a Muslim"). He wants to avenge the death of his wife and daughter, ...

See also:

The Peacemaker film, The Peacemaker film - Plot summary, The Peacemaker film - Goofs, The Peacemaker film - Cast and crew

Read more here: » The Peacemaker film: Encyclopedia II - The Peacemaker film - Plot summary

Kerry's stance on the foreign and domestic issues of the day is outlined in his book co-authored by John Edwards, "Our Plan for America - Stronger at Home, Respected in the World" and it is available here in PDF form. Some of Kerry's positions, ideas and experiences with national issues are as follows: John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Economy. Kerry supports increasing the minimum wage and indexing it to inflation. Kerry believes in "equal pay for equal work." Kerry supported the Gramm-Rudman ...

See also:

John Kerry presidential campaign 2004, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Issue stances, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Economy, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Education and science, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Law and justice, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Death penalty, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Illegal drugs, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Gun control, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Social Security, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Abortion, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Gay rights, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Affirmative Action, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - National service, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Security & foreign policy, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Iraq, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Multilateralism, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Military, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Environment, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Immigration, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Campaign slogans, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Campaign history, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Campaign managers, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Endorsements, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Campaign controversies, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Vice-presidential selection, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Democratic Convention, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Debates, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Miscellanous events, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Project Vote Smart challenge, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Anthrax scare, John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Views of Kerry

Read more here: » John Kerry presidential campaign 2004: Encyclopedia II - John Kerry presidential campaign 2004 - Issue stances

In the 1980s, Ghorbanifar's principal American contacts were National Security Council agents Oliver North and Michael Ledeen. Ghorbanifar also tried to get the US to support the Mojahedin-e-Khalq (MEK) opposition to the Khomeini government of Iran. Ledeen vouched for Ghorbanifar to National Security Advisor Robert McFarlane. Oliver North later claimed that Ghorbanifar had given him the idea for diverting profits from TOW and H ...

See also:

Manucher Ghorbanifar, Manucher Ghorbanifar - Iran-Contra, Manucher Ghorbanifar - War on terrorism

Read more here: » Manucher Ghorbanifar: Encyclopedia II - Manucher Ghorbanifar - Iran-Contra

JTJ differs from other Iraqi insurgent groups considerably in its tactics. Rather than just using conventional weapons and guerilla tactics, it has relied heavily on using terrorist attacks, including suicide bombings, mostly with vehicles, targeting a wide variety of groups but most especially Iraqi security forces and those facilitating the occupation. U.S and coalition forces, the United Nations, foreign civilians, humanitarian organizations, Shiite and Kurdish political and religious figures, Iraqi police and security forces, and Iraqi i ...

See also:

Al-Qaeda in Iraq, Al-Qaeda in Iraq - Origins, Al-Qaeda in Iraq - Goals, Al-Qaeda in Iraq - Tactics, Al-Qaeda in Iraq - List of attacks, Al-Qaeda in Iraq - U.S Campaign against Zarqawi's Forces

Read more here: » Al-Qaeda in Iraq: Encyclopedia II - Al-Qaeda in Iraq - Tactics

The Israeli peace camp is highly criticized for lacking realism given the absence of a corresponding movement on the Arab side of the conflict. It is also accused for being forgiving toward Palestinian terrorism and not being able to stand up for the rights of the Israelis and the vital interests of Israel. The Israeli peace camp has poor standings in the Israeli public, as regular surveys by the Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research show (for example: May 2004). The Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research is watching over the Israeli public opinion toward the peace pr ...

See also:

Israeli peace camp, Israeli peace camp - Political movements but not parties, Israeli peace camp - Non-political organizations, Israeli peace camp - Political parties, Israeli peace camp - Political power in the Knesset, Israeli peace camp - Criticism, Israeli peace camp - Ideological right wing, Israeli peace camp - Political center and pragmatists, Israeli peace camp - Zionist left wing, Israeli peace camp - Far left, Israeli peace camp - People, Israeli peace camp - Political leaders, Israeli peace camp - Leaders of organizations, Israeli peace camp - Politicly affiliated peace activists, Israeli peace camp - Peace activists without political affiliation, Israeli peace camp - Arab-Israeli peace diplomacy and treaties

Read more here: » Israeli peace camp: Encyclopedia II - Israeli peace camp - Criticism

In Toulon on July 3, 1899, Jacob pretended to suffer from hallucinations in order to avoid five years of reclusion. On April 19, 1900, he escaped from the asylum in Aix-in-Provence with the assistance of a male nurse and took refuge in Sète. There he organized a band of men, calling them "the workers of the night." The principles were simple: one does not kill, except to protect his life and his freedom from the police; one steals only from those considered to be social parasites - bosses, judges, soldiers, and the clergy - but never ...

See also:

Marius Jacob, Marius Jacob - A rough start, Marius Jacob - Criminal activity, Marius Jacob - Forced labor and resurrection, Marius Jacob - Bibliography

Read more here: » Marius Jacob: Encyclopedia II - Marius Jacob - Criminal activity

The kidnappers demanded transportation to Cairo. The authorities feigned agreement and at 10:10 p.m. two helicopters transported both the kidnappers and their hostages to nearby Fürstenfeldbruck airbase, where a Boeing 727 aircraft was waiting. The kidnappers believed they were on their way to Riem, the international airport near Munich. The authorities planned an assault on the kidnappers at the airport. Five German snipers, none of whom had any special training, were chosen to shoot the kidnappers. All had been chosen simply becaus ...

See also:

Munich massacre, Munich massacre - The hostage-taking, Munich massacre - Demands, Munich massacre - Failed rescue, Munich massacre - Impact on the Games, Munich massacre - Aftermath, Munich massacre - Operation Wrath of God and Operation Spring of Youth, Munich massacre - Vengeance and Munich, Munich massacre - Surviving kidnappers, Munich massacre - Abu Daoud, Munich massacre - Books, Munich massacre - Movies

Read more here: » Munich massacre: Encyclopedia II - Munich massacre - Failed rescue

Israeli West Bank barrier - Israeli opinions. Israeli public opinion has been very strongly in favor of the barrier, partly in the hope that it will improve security and partly in the belief (denied by the government) that the barrier marks the eventual border of a Palestinian state. Due to the latter possibility, the settler movement opposes the barrier, although this opposition has waned since it became clear the barrier would be diverted to the east of major Israeli settlements such as Ariel. According to Haar ...

See also:

Israeli West Bank barrier, Israeli West Bank barrier - History and purpose, Israeli West Bank barrier - Route and Route Timeline, Israeli West Bank barrier - Structure, Israeli West Bank barrier - Effects on Israeli security, Israeli West Bank barrier - Effects on Palestinians, Israeli West Bank barrier - International law and human rights, Israeli West Bank barrier - Israeli Supreme Court decisions, Israeli West Bank barrier - Decision of 2004, Israeli West Bank barrier - Decision of 2005, Israeli West Bank barrier - International Court of Justice ruling, Israeli West Bank barrier - The decision, Israeli West Bank barrier - Reaction, Israeli West Bank barrier - Opinions on the barrier, Israeli West Bank barrier - Israeli opinions, Israeli West Bank barrier - Palestinian opinions, Israeli West Bank barrier - International opinions, Israeli West Bank barrier - Names of the barrier, Israeli West Bank barrier - Graffiti on wall sections, Israeli West Bank barrier - Footnotes

Read more here: » Israeli West Bank barrier: Encyclopedia II - Israeli West Bank barrier - Opinions on the barrier

At dawn on August 24, 2001, a 20 metre wooden fishing boat, the Palapa, with 460 mainly Afghan asylum seekers became stranded about 140 km north of Christmas Island. On the August 26 Rescue Coordination Centre (RCC) Australia had become aware of the vessel's distress for some time and finally had asked all ships in the area to respond. Of the ships that responded, the Tampa was closest to the site and rescued the asylum seekers. According to international law, surviviors of a shipwreck are to be taken to the closest port for medical treatme ...

See also:

MV Tampa, MV Tampa - Overview, MV Tampa - Border Protection Bill 2001, MV Tampa - Political effects, MV Tampa - Fate of the refugees, MV Tampa - Nansen refugee award, MV Tampa - Legal cases, MV Tampa - External link

Read more here: » MV Tampa: Encyclopedia II - MV Tampa - Overview

The FBI and the 9/11 Commission report say that al-Hazmi and al-Mihdhar first entered the United States in 2000, but the Washington Post and the LA Times report that the two first came in 1999. Either way, the two definitely attended the 2000 Al Qaeda Summit in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was there that the details of the 9/11 attacks were decided upon. He was secretly videotaped at this meeting by Malaysian authorities. A week afterwards, on January 15, 2000, al-Hazmi and al-Mihdhar flew to Los Angeles, California from Bangkok, Thaila ...

See also:

Khalid al-Mihdhar, Khalid al-Mihdhar - An al-Qaida veteran, Khalid al-Mihdhar - In the U.S., Khalid al-Mihdhar - The attacks

Read more here: » Khalid al-Mihdhar: Encyclopedia II - Khalid al-Mihdhar - In the U.S.

During conflict, punishment for violating the laws of war may consist of a specific, deliberate and limited violation of the laws of war in reprisal. Soldiers who break specific provisions of the laws of war lose the protections and status afforded as prisoners of war but only after facing a "competent tribunal" (GC III Art 5). At that point they become an unlawful combatant but they must still be "treated with humanity and, in case of trial, shall not be deprived of the rights of fair and regular trial", because they ar ...

See also:

Laws of war, Laws of war - Sources of the laws of war, Laws of war - Purposes of the laws, Laws of war - Conduct of warfare, Laws of war - Declaration of war, Laws of war - Violations and applicability, Laws of war - Prohibitory effects, Laws of war - Remedies for violations, Laws of war - Notes

Read more here: » Laws of war: Encyclopedia II - Laws of war - Remedies for violations

List of proven conspiracies - 1919 Black Sox Scandal. During the 1919 World Series, Eight members of the Chicago franchise conspired with gamblers to intentionally lose games. List of proven conspiracies - 1950 Project MKULTRA. Project MKULTRA (also known as MK-ULTRA) was the code name for a CIA mind-control research program lasting from the 1950s[1] through the late 1960sSee also:

List of proven conspiracies, List of proven conspiracies - 1st century BC, List of proven conspiracies - 44 BC Caesar assassination plot, List of proven conspiracies - 1800, List of proven conspiracies - 1810 to 1850 the Underground Railroad, List of proven conspiracies - 1865 The Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, List of proven conspiracies - 1894 The Dreyfus affair, List of proven conspiracies - 1900, List of proven conspiracies - 1919 Black Sox Scandal, List of proven conspiracies - 1950 Project MKULTRA, List of proven conspiracies - 1953 Operation Midnight Climax, List of proven conspiracies - 1953 Operation Ajax, List of proven conspiracies - 1954 Operation PBSUCCESS, List of proven conspiracies - 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion, List of proven conspiracies - 1961 The Cuban Project, List of proven conspiracies - 1962 Operation Northwoods, List of proven conspiracies - 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident, List of proven conspiracies - 1981 to 1986 Iran-Contra, List of proven conspiracies - 1993 Assassination plot against President George H.W. Bush, List of proven conspiracies - 1993 WTC terrorist attack, List of proven conspiracies - 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, List of proven conspiracies - 1998 United States and Taliban meeting regarding Osama Bin Laden, List of proven conspiracies - 2000, List of proven conspiracies - 2000 United States and Taliban meeting regarding Osama Bin Laden, List of proven conspiracies - 2001 September 11 attacks, List of proven conspiracies - 2005 Ahmed Omar Abu Ali, List of proven conspiracies - 2005 DRAM price fixing

Read more here: » List of proven conspiracies: Encyclopedia II - List of proven conspiracies - 1900

The city was founded next to an already existing settlement of monks Munichen (Latin Monacum, Monachium) by the Welf Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony and Bavaria. The village grew around St.Peter church next to a bridge, that Henry initially built over the river 'Isar'. To force traders to use his bridge (and, of course charge them for doing so) he destroyed a nearby bridge owned by bishop Otto von Freising (Freising). Therefore the bishop and Henry quarreled about the city before the emperor at a Imperial Diet held in Aug ...

See also:

Munich, Munich - History, Munich - Main Sights and Culture, Munich - Other, Munich - Around Munich, Munich - Economy, Munich - Lifestyle, Munich - Politics, Munich - Transportation, Munich - Sports clubs, Munich - Colleges and universities, Munich - Twin cities

Read more here: » Munich: Encyclopedia II - Munich - History

Kerry was born on December 11, 1943 at the Fitzsimons Army Hospital in Aurora, Colorado outside Denver, where his father, Richard Kerry, a World War II Army Air Corps test pilot, had been undergoing treatment for tuberculosis. Kerry's family returned to their home state of Massachusetts two months after his birth. John Kerry - Family background. Kerry is the second child of Richard John Kerry and Rosemary Forbes Kerry. He has three siblings: Margery (1941), Diana (1947) and Cameron (1950). His immediate family members were obs ...

See also:

John Kerry, John Kerry - Family history and childhood years, John Kerry - Family background, John Kerry - Childhood years, John Kerry - Boarding school 1957-1962, John Kerry - Yale University 1962-1966, John Kerry - Encounters with President Kennedy 1962, John Kerry - Military service 1966-1970, John Kerry - Commission training and tour of duty on the USS Gridley, John Kerry - Kerry's tour of duty as commander of a Swift boat, John Kerry - Return from Vietnam, John Kerry - Criticism of military service and awards, John Kerry - Anti-Vietnam War activism 1970-1971, John Kerry - Joining the Vietnam Veterans Against the War, John Kerry - Testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, John Kerry - The protest at the U.S. Capitol, John Kerry - Media appearances, John Kerry - Operation POW, John Kerry - Early career 1972-1985, John Kerry - 1972 Campaign for Congress, John Kerry - Career in law and politics 1972-1985, John Kerry - Service in the U.S. Senate 1985-present, John Kerry - Meeting with Ortega, John Kerry - Iran-Contra hearings, John Kerry - Kerry and the George H. W. Bush administration, John Kerry - 1996 Senate re-election, John Kerry - 2000 presidential election, John Kerry - Fundraising issues, John Kerry - Kerry and Iraq, John Kerry - Sponsorship of legislation, John Kerry - Political chairmanships, John Kerry - Committee assignments, John Kerry - Issues and voting record, John Kerry - 2004 Presidential election, John Kerry - Career future, John Kerry - Personal life, John Kerry - Family, John Kerry - Religious beliefs and practices

Read more here: » John Kerry: Encyclopedia II - John Kerry - Family history and childhood years

The ISF are viewed by most experts as one of the best in their fields, especially in counter-terrorism. Many of the world's security experts, as well as inventors of security technology, are Israelis who trained and served many years in the ISF. The ISF works within tight budgets and is known for creativity and innovation in resolving difficult situations. Some Israeli SF units such as Sayeret Matkal, Shayetet 13 (naval commando) and the YAMAM are considered to be among the best special forces units in the ...

See also:

Israeli Security Forces, Israeli Security Forces - Combat security organizations, Israeli Security Forces - Non-combat security organizations, Israeli Security Forces - General Remarks, Israeli Security Forces - External link

Read more here: » Israeli Security Forces: Encyclopedia II - Israeli Security Forces - General Remarks

The Border Police was founded as the Frontier Corps (Hebrew: חיל הספר), a gendarmerie under the IDF in 1949 with the task of providing security in rural areas and along the borders. In the course of the following years, it was gradually transferred to the command of the Police and became the Border Police. During these years, it secured new settlements and countered infiltration of ...

See also:

Israel Border Police, Israel Border Police - History, Israel Border Police - Structure

Read more here: » Israel Border Police: Encyclopedia II - Israel Border Police - History

Improvised explosive device - WWII. One of the first examples of coordinated large scale uses of IED's was Belarusian 'Rail War' launched by Belarusian guerillas against the Nazis during World War II. Both command detonated and delayed-fuse IEDs were used to derail thousands of Nazi trains during 1943-1944. Improvised explosive device - Afghanistan. Following the invasion of Afghanistan by the USSR on 27 December 1979, the Afghan Mujahideen were supplied with large quantities of military supplies from many Muslim s ...

See also:

Improvised explosive device, Improvised explosive device - Detecting and disarming an IED, Improvised explosive device - History of IEDs, Improvised explosive device - WWII, Improvised explosive device - Afghanistan, Improvised explosive device - Chechnya, Improvised explosive device - Iraq, Improvised explosive device - Lebanon, Improvised explosive device - Blast fishing

Read more here: » Improvised explosive device: Encyclopedia II - Improvised explosive device - History of IEDs

Under the Third Geneva Convention a fighter or belligerent in an international armed conflict who wanted lawful combatant status (and therefore prisoner of war status if captured), including: (a) That of being commanded by a person responsible for his subordinates; (b) That of having a fixed distinctive sign recognizable at a distance; (c) That of carrying arms openly; (d) That of conducting their ...

See also:

International humanitarian law, International humanitarian law - Basic rules of IHL, International humanitarian law - Examples, International humanitarian law - Violations and punishment, International humanitarian law - Jus in bello, International humanitarian law - Non-uniformed guerrillas and Protocol 1

Read more here: » International humanitarian law: Encyclopedia II - International humanitarian law - Non-uniformed guerrillas and Protocol 1