Encyclopedia - Teleological Argument: Encyclopedia - Teleological Argument
A teleological argument (or a design argument) is an argument for the existence of God or a creator based on perceived evidence of design...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Teleological Argument: Encyclopedia Ii - Teleological Argument - History
Cicero made one of the earliest teleological arguments. He was writing from the cultural background of the Roman religion. In Roman mytho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Teleological Argument: Encyclopedia Ii - Teleological Argument - The Argument
Although there are variations, the basic argument goes something like this: X is too complex to have occurred randomly or naturally. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Watchmaker Analogy: Encyclopedia - Watchmaker Analogy
The watchmaker analogy is often used as a teleological argument (argument from design) in support of the view that the universe (or feat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Teleology: Encyclopedia - Teleology
Teleology is the supposition that there is design, purpose, directive principle, or finality in the works and processes of nature, and th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cosmological Argument: Encyclopedia - Cosmological Argument
The cosmological argument is an argument for the existence of God. It is also known as the first cause argument for the existence of God,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Existence Of God: Encyclopedia - Existence Of God
Many arguments about the existence of God have been proposed by philosophers, theologians, and other thinkers. This article lists some of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Articles Related To The Creation-evolution Controversy: Encyclopedia - Articles Related To The Creation-evolution Controversy
History of creationism Creation in Genesis Types of creationism: Young Earth creationism - Creation science Old Earth creationism Omphalo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics: Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics
Christian Apologetics is the field of study concerned with the systematic defense (apologetics) of Christianity. The word "apologetic" co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Creation Biology: Encyclopedia - Creation Biology
History of creationism Creation in Genesis Types of creationism: Young Earth creationism - Creation science Old Earth creationism Omphalo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gaia Theory Science: Encyclopedia - Gaia Theory Science
Gaia theory is a class of scientific models of the geo-biosphere in which life as a whole fosters and maintains suitable conditions for i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - David Hume: Encyclopedia - David Hume
David Hume (April 26, 1711 – August 25, 1776*) was a philosopher and historian from Scotland. Along with Adam Smith and Thomas Reid, Hu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anselm Of Canterbury: Encyclopedia - Anselm Of Canterbury
Saint Anselm of Canterbury (1033 or 1034 – April 21, 1109), a widely influential medieval philosopher and theologian, held the office o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irreducible Complexity: Encyclopedia Ii - Irreducible Complexity - Forerunners
The argument from irreducible complexity is a descendant of the teleological argument for God (the argument from design or argument from ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irreducible Complexity: Encyclopedia Ii - Irreducible Complexity - Forerunners
The argument from irreducible complexity is a descendant of the teleological argument for God (the argument from design or argument from ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Creationism - Greek And Roman Times
c. 45 BC – Cicero (106 BC – 43 BC) made a teleological argument, anticipating the watchmaker analogy, in De natura deorum, ii. 34 Wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kardashev Scale: Encyclopedia Ii - Kardashev Scale - Usage And Examples
Human civilization is currently somewhere below Type I, as it is able to harness only a portion of the energy that is available on Earth....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kardashev Scale: Encyclopedia Ii - Kardashev Scale - Weakness By Supposition?
It has been argued that, because we cannot understand advanced civilizations, we cannot predict their behavior; thus, Kardashev's visuali...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kardashev Scale: Encyclopedia Ii - Kardashev Scale - Civilization Implications
There are many historical examples of civilizations undergoing large-scale transitions, such as the Industrial Revolution and the Renaiss...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kardashev Scale: Encyclopedia Ii - Kardashev Scale - Hypothetical Extensions
The exponential structure of the scale allows ready extrapolation to higher types. For example: Type IV: control of the energy output of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kardashev Scale: Encyclopedia Ii - Kardashev Scale - Hypothetical Futures
Science fiction, having extended these values has also provided guides for possible future changes associated with the fractionalized ver...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kardashev Scale: Encyclopedia Ii - Kardashev Scale - Literature Describing Different Kardashev Types
These categorizations are not firm, and are neither complete nor absolute. Science fiction writers do not specifically write their works ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Apologetics - Purpose
1 Peter 3:15 declares that Christians must be ready to give a reason for their faith. Christian apologetics are designed to present non-C...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Natural Theology: Encyclopedia Ii - Natural Theology - Key Proponents
English bishop Thomas Barlow wrote Execreitationes aliquot metaphysicae de Deo(1637) and spoke often of natural theology during the reign...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Apologetics - Types Of Christian Apologetics
There are a variety of Christian apologetic styles and schools of thought. The major types of Christian apologetics include: historical a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Apologetics - Christian Apologetics Today
Christian apologetics continues to the current day in various forms. The Roman Catholic G. K. Chesterton, the Anglican C. S. Lewis, the e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irreducible Complexity: Encyclopedia Ii - Irreducible Complexity - Claimed Significance
Behe argues that organs and biological features which are irreducibly complex cannot be wholly explained by current models of evolution. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Final Anthropic Principle: Encyclopedia Ii - Final Anthropic Principle - Arguments To Justify The Eventual Extinction Of Life
Many scientists have used the second law of thermodynamics to argue that “Life” (defined by Barrow and Tipler to be information proce...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irreducible Complexity: Encyclopedia Ii - Irreducible Complexity - Stated Examples
Behe and others have suggested a number of biological features that they believe may be irreducibly complex. Irreducible complexity - Fl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nonzero: The Logic Of Human Destiny: Encyclopedia Ii - Nonzero: The Logic Of Human Destiny - Thesis
The principal argument of Nonzero is to demonstrate that natural selection results in increasing complexity within the world and greater ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Articles Related To The Creation-evolution Controversy: Encyclopedia Ii - Articles Related To The Creation-evolution Controversy - Intelligent Design
Intelligent design is a relatively new proposal that claims there is teleological evidence that can be observed in nature. Related issues...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Apologetics - Criticisms Of Christian Apologetics
Christian apologetic works as a whole employ both fact and opinion. Introductory Christian apologetics which are more wide in scope and b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Cosmological Argument: Encyclopedia Ii - Cosmological Argument - The Argument
Framed as a formal proof, the first cause argument can be stated as follows: Everything has a cause. Nothing can cause itself. Everythin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky: Encyclopedia Ii - Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky - Work
Danilevsky is mainly remembered for his opposition to Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and for his theory of historical-cultural type...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irreducible Complexity: Encyclopedia Ii - Irreducible Complexity - Claimed Significance
Behe argues that organs and biological features which are irreducibly complex cannot be wholly explained by current models of evolution. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nonzero: The Logic Of Human Destiny: Encyclopedia Ii - Nonzero: The Logic Of Human Destiny - Corollaries And Criticism
The argument that war sometimes results in cultural and technological development is a point of contention--one could argue that if there...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inception Of Darwin's Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Inception Of Darwin's Theory - Background: Influences
After his early life in a Unitarian family, Charles Darwin's education developed his interest in natural history. At Edinburgh University...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irreducible Complexity: Encyclopedia Ii - Irreducible Complexity - Stated Examples
Behe and others have suggested a number of biological features that they believe may be irreducibly complex. Irreducible complexity - Fl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Apologetics - History Of Christian Apologetics
Evidentialist apologetics such as today's Gary Habermas or the more introductory Christian apologetic works such as Josh McDowell or Lee ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Natural Theology: Encyclopedia Ii - Natural Theology - Bridgewater Treatises
The Earl of Bridgewater commissioned the Bridgewater Treatises: The Adaptation of External Nature to the Moral and Intellectual Conditio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irreducible Complexity: Encyclopedia Ii - Irreducible Complexity - Definitions
The term "irreducible complexity" was originally defined by Behe as: A single system which is composed of several interacting parts that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irreducible Complexity: Encyclopedia Ii - Irreducible Complexity - Definitions
The term "irreducible complexity" was originally defined by Behe as: A single system which is composed of several interacting parts that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charles Darwin's Views On Religion: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles Darwin's Views On Religion - The Lady Hope Story
See Lady Hope for details of this story and arguments refuting it. In his 1879 biography of his grandfather, Charles Darwin recounted how...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Creationism - Renaissance To Darwin
The Renaissance starting in the 14th century saw the establishment of protoscience that eventually would lead to the development of moder...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligent Design In Summary
Intelligent design is presented as an alternative to purely naturalistic forms of the theory of evolution. The stated[6] purpose is to in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligent Design - Intelligent Design In Summary
Intelligent design is presented as an alternative to purely naturalistic forms of the theory of evolution. The stated[6] purpose is to in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligent Design - Intelligent Design In Summary
Intelligent design is presented as an alternative to purely naturalistic forms of the theory of evolution. The stated[6] purpose is to in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charles Darwin's Views On Religion: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles Darwin's Views On Religion - Religion As An Evolved Social Characteristic
In his 1871 book The Descent of Man Darwin clearly saw religion and "moral qualities" as being important evolved human social characteris...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Apologetics: Encyclopedia Ii - Christian Apologetics - Key Print Resources And Introductory Christian Apologetic Works
Christian apologetics - Overview and reference. Bush, L. Russ. 1983. Classical Readings in Christian Apologetics AD. 100-1800.Zonderva...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Existence Of God: Encyclopedia Ii - Existence Of God - Positions On The Existence Of God
Positions on the existence of God can be roughly divided into two camps: Theist and Atheist. Both of these camps can be further divided i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligent Design As A Movement
The intelligent design movement arose out of an organized neocreationist campaign to promote a religious agenda calling for broad social,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligent Design - Intelligent Design As A Movement
The intelligent design movement arose out of an organized neocreationist campaign to promote a religious agenda calling for broad social,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligent Design - Intelligent Design As A Movement
The intelligent design movement arose out of an organized neocreationist campaign directed by the Discovery Institute to promote a religi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Concepts
The following are summaries of key concepts of intelligent design, followed by summaries of criticisms. Counter-arguments against such cr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligent Design - Concepts
The following are summaries of key concepts of intelligent design, followed by summaries of criticisms. Counter-arguments against such cr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligent Design - Concepts
The following are summaries of key concepts of intelligent design, followed by summaries of criticisms. Counter-arguments against such cr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Propositional Knowledge: Encyclopedia Ii - Propositional Knowledge - Knowledge In Various Disciplines
There are many different disciplines that generate beliefs that can be regarded as knowledge. They include science (which generates scien...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Design Book: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligent Design Book - Overview
Dembski begins by logically analyzing signs from God in the Bible, and notes that such signs have specificity and complexity, which enabl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Evolutionary Thought: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Evolutionary Thought - 1960s-1980s: Williams Revolution Punctuated Equilibrium
Coined after the evolutionary biologist, George C. Williams, the Williams revolution is a paradigm shift which occurred in evolutionary b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Watchmaker Analogy: Encyclopedia Ii - Watchmaker Analogy - The Case Against The Watchmaker Analogy
Explaining complexity of life by postulating an even more complex designer is philosophically difficult. Explaining the complexity of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Watchmaker Analogy: Encyclopedia Ii - Watchmaker Analogy - The Case Against The Watchmaker Analogy
Explaining complexity of life by postulating an even more complex designer is philosophically difficult. Explaining the complexity of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kim Stanley Robinson: Encyclopedia Ii - Kim Stanley Robinson - Short Stories
His first short stories began appearing in 1976. Most are collected in The Planet on the Table (1986), Remaking History (1991) and Vinlan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Theistic Evolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Theistic Evolution - Criticisms Of Theistic Evolution
The major atheistic criticism of evolutionary creationism is that of all forms of creationism: the belief in a supernatural creator, whic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Theistic Evolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Theistic Evolution - Criticisms Of Theistic Evolution
The major atheistic criticism of evolutionary creationism focuses on the belief in a supernatural creator, which violates the methodologi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anselm Of Canterbury: Encyclopedia Ii - Anselm Of Canterbury - Writings
Anselm may, with some justice, be considered the first scholarly philosopher and theologian. His only great predecessor, Scotus Erigena, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charles Darwin's Views On Religion: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles Darwin's Views On Religion - Posthumous Autobiography
Darwin decided to leave a posthumous memoir for his family, and on Sunday 28 May 1876 he began Recollections of the Development of my min...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Creationism - Differing Beliefs
By now, the main positions regarding evolution had been established. Generally, the advent of evolution theory divided people into two ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Watchmaker Analogy: Encyclopedia Ii - Watchmaker Analogy - History
Monotheists have suggested: if we find a watch in a field, it is too complex to have appeared there by natural process so they assume tha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inception Of Darwin's Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Inception Of Darwin's Theory - Marriage
Emma came to help and they found the gaudily decorated house they nicknamed "Macaw Cottage" in Gower Street, London, and Darwin moved his...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inception Of Darwin's Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Inception Of Darwin's Theory - Proposal
Darwin's thoughts and work continued and he suffered repeated bouts of illness. On 11 November he returned to Maer Hall and proposed to E...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charles Darwin: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles Darwin - Religious Views
Charles Darwin came from a Nonconformist background. Though several members of his family were Freethinkers, openly lacking conventional ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Søren Kierkegaard: Encyclopedia Ii - Søren Kierkegaard - Kierkegaard In Contemporary Ethical Theory
Many philosophers who initially read Kierkegaard, especially Fear and Trembling, often come to the conclusion that he supports a divine c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Naturalism Philosophy: Encyclopedia Ii - Naturalism Philosophy - Methodological Naturalism Versus Ontological Naturalism
There is a distinct difference between an ontological approach to naturalism and a methodological assumption of naturalism. Ontology is a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Creationism - Early History
Biblical Creationism stems from the ancient Hebrew text of Genesis (see creation according to Genesis), purporting it to be a historical ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Charles Darwin's Views On Religion: Encyclopedia Ii - Charles Darwin's Views On Religion - Darwin's Loss Of Faith
See also Inception of Darwin's theory. In his later private autobiography, Darwin wrote of this time: "Whilst on board the Beagle (Octob...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Watchmaker Analogy: Encyclopedia Ii - Watchmaker Analogy - History
Monotheists have suggested: if we find a watch in a field, it is too complex to have appeared there by natural process so they assume tha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Creationism - Darwin
In the 1860s, the concept of variation through natural selection first came to be widely understood. Charles Darwin (1809 - 1882) publish...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irreducible Complexity: Encyclopedia Ii - Irreducible Complexity - Criticisms Of Irreducible Complexity
There has been much scientific opposition to the irreducible complexity, with one science writer calling it a "full-blown intellectual su...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irreducible Complexity: Encyclopedia Ii - Irreducible Complexity - Irreducible Complexity Ic
An early concept of irreducibly complex systems comes from Ludwig von Bertalanffy, a 20th Century Austrian biologist.[3] He believed that...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Path Integral Formulation: Encyclopedia Ii - Path Integral Formulation - Formulating Quantum Mechanics
The path integral method is an alternative formulation of quantum mechanics. The canonical approach, pioneered by Schroedinger, Heisenber...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Immanuel Kant: Encyclopedia Ii - Immanuel Kant - Biography
Immanuel Kant - who was baptized as "Emanuel" but later changed his name to "Immanuel" - was born in 1724. He spent his entire life in a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Inception Of Darwin's Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Inception Of Darwin's Theory - Theory
Charles went house-hunting by day. At night he thought about "innumerable variations" (which he still thought were acquired in some way) ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Immanuel Kant: Encyclopedia Ii - Immanuel Kant - Biography
Immanuel Kant -- he was baptized as "Emanuel" but later changed his name to "Immanuel" -- was born in 1724. He spent his entire life in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - David Hume: Encyclopedia Ii - David Hume - Career
By his own account, Hume "was born the 26th April 1711, old style, at Edinburgh". From time to time throughout his life, he repaired to t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Human Nature: Encyclopedia Ii - Human Nature - Influential Views Of Human Nature
As a general rule, any -ism important enough to be both defended and attacked, probably states or implies a distinctive view about human ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Creationism - Early 20th Century
The period immediately after Darwin's death in 1882 is known as the Eclipse of Darwinism, where Darwinian natural selection was considere...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Articles Related To The Creation-evolution Controversy: Encyclopedia Ii - Articles Related To The Creation-evolution Controversy - Natural History
The controversy often takes the tone of creationists attacking various aspects of natural history (or evolution, within this context) wit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Immanuel Kant: Encyclopedia Ii - Immanuel Kant - Influence
Kant's most powerful and revolutionary effect on philosophy, which changed forever its meaning, modes of thinking, and language(s), was n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Immanuel Kant: Encyclopedia Ii - Immanuel Kant - Influence
Kant's most powerful and revolutionary effect on philosophy, which changed forever its meaning, modes of thinking, and language(s), was n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Historical Jesus: Encyclopedia Ii - Historical Jesus - Works And Miracles
According to the Gospels, Jesus began his public ministry of preaching, teaching, and healing soon after he was baptized by John the Bapt...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - David Hume: Encyclopedia Ii - David Hume - Legacy
Though Hume wrote in the 18th century, his work seems still uncommonly relevant in the philosophical disputes of today compared to that o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Deconstruction: Encyclopedia Ii - Deconstruction - Logocentrism And The Critique Of Binary Oppositions
Deconstruction's central concern is a radical critique of the Enlightenment project and of metaphysics, including in particular the found...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Irreducible Complexity: Encyclopedia Ii - Irreducible Complexity - Criticisms Of Irreducible Complexity
There has been much scientific opposition to the irreducible complexity, with one science writer calling it a "full-blown intellectual su...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligent Design Debate
Intelligent design's opponents argue that among scientists, there is no debate about whether life evolved. A key strategy of the intellig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligent Design - Intelligent Design Debate
Intelligent design's opponents argue that among scientists, there is no debate about whether life evolved. A key strategy of the intellig...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Intelligent Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Intelligent Design - Intelligent Design Controversy
A key strategy of the intelligent design movement is in convincing the general public that there is a debate among scientists about wheth...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Creationism: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Creationism - Post-war
The Second World War (1939 - 1945) saw the horrors of the Holocaust. The Holocaust had been driven in part by eugenics, or the principle ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Teleological Argument: Encyclopedia Ii - Teleological Argument - Objections And Counter-argument
Teleological argument - First and Second premise. The first (and therefore second) premise assumes that one can infer the existence of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Teleological Argument: Encyclopedia Ii - Teleological Argument - Controversy
One major problem in the controversy seems to be the human imagination. Neither divine miracles nor speciation (macroevolution) occur ver...   » Read the article

Article - Popular Pages Sitemap Viii - T
This is a sitemap for Popular Pages VIII - T . Click on a link and you will find multiple definitions and articles related to the word....   » Read the article