Tatarstan - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Tatarstan: Encyclopedia Ii - Tatarstan - History
The main article is History of Tatarstan Tatarstan - Middle Ages. The earliest known organized state within the boundaries of Tatarstan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Volga Tatars: Encyclopedia Ii - Volga Tatars - Kazan Qazan Tatars
The majority of Volga Tatars are Kazan (Qazan) Tatars. They are the main and indigenious population of Tatarstan. During the 11-16th cent...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Camp Delta: Encyclopedia - Camp Delta
Camp Delta, Echo, X-Ray, and Iguana are prisons at Guantanamo Bay. As of July 22, 2005 there are "about 510 prisoners at Guantánamo." [1...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tatars: Encyclopedia Ii - Tatars - European Tatars
The discrimination of the separate stems included under the name is still far from complete. The following subdivisions, however, may be ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khanate Of Kazan: Encyclopedia Ii - Khanate Of Kazan - History
During the reign of Olug Moxammat and his son Maxmud, Kazan forces occupied Muscovy and its subject lands several times. The Grand Duke o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bulgars: Encyclopedia - Bulgars
Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) - a people of Central Asia, originally Pamirian or Turkic, whose branches became Slavicized an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ahmad Ibn Fadlan: Encyclopedia - Ahmad Ibn Fadlan
Ahmad ibn-al-'Abbas ibn Rashid ibn-Hammad ibn-Fadlan (Ahmad bin al-Abbās bin Rashîd bin Hammād binn Fadlān أحمد ابن العبا...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khanate Of Kazan: Encyclopedia Ii - Khanate Of Kazan - Society
The state was governed by the khan. His action was based on the cabinet council Diwan's decisions and advisements. The nobility included ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bashkir Language: Encyclopedia - Bashkir Language
The Bashkir language is a Turkic language. Bashkir language - Speakers. The 1989 population census showed over 1,047,000 native speaker...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boris Yeltsin: Encyclopedia - Boris Yeltsin
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Russian: Борис Николаевич Ельцин; listen ▶ (help·info)) (born February 1, 1931) was P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Chess Championship: Encyclopedia - World Chess Championship
The World Chess Championship is played to determine the World Champion in the board game chess. Both men and women are eligible to conte...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Udmurt People: Encyclopedia - Udmurt People
The Udmurts are a people who speak the Udmurt language. Through history they have been known in Russian as Chud Otyatskaya (чудь от...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Unrepresented Nations And Peoples Organisation: Encyclopedia - Unrepresented Nations And Peoples Organisation
The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) is a democratic, international organization. Its members are indigenous peoples...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chuvash People: Encyclopedia - Chuvash People
  Turkic     Bolgar The Chuvash (Chuvashian: чӑвашсем,Russian: чуваши, Tatar: Çuaşlar\Чу�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Volga Bulgaria: Encyclopedia - Volga Bulgaria
Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is a historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of the Vo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pakistan: Encyclopedia - Pakistan
The Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان, islāmī jamhūriya i pākistān), or Pakistan (Urdu:...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Multilingualism: Encyclopedia - Multilingualism
The term multilingualism can refer to rather different phenomena. Sociolinguists distinguish: multilingualism at the personal level mult...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khanate Of Kazan: Encyclopedia Ii - Khanate Of Kazan - Military Forces
The military of the khanate consisted of armament and men from the darughas and subject lands, khan guards, and the troops of the nobilit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tatars: Encyclopedia Ii - Tatars - Chinese Tatars
The Tatars (塔塔尔族) form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. Chinese Tatar's ances...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Volga Tatars: Encyclopedia Ii - Volga Tatars - Mişär Tatars
(or Mishers) Mişär Tatars are a group of Tatars speaking a dialect of the Kazan Tatar language. They are descendants of Kipchaks in the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Volga Tatars: Encyclopedia Ii - Volga Tatars - Astrakhan Tatars
Astrakhan Tatars (nearly 70,000) is a group of Tatars, descanders of Astrakhan Khanate's agricultural population, living mostly in Astrak...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tatars: Encyclopedia Ii - Tatars - Chinese Tatars
The Tatars (塔塔尔族) form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. Chinese Tatar's ances...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tatars: Encyclopedia Ii - Tatars - Authorities
The literature of the subject is very extensive, and bibliographical indexes may be found in the Geographical Dictionary of P. Semenov, a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khanate Of Kazan: Encyclopedia Ii - Khanate Of Kazan - Military Forces
The military of the khanate consisted of armament and men from the darughas and subject lands, khan guards, and the troops of the nobilit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tatars: Encyclopedia Ii - Tatars - Caucasian Tatars
These are Tatars who inhabit the upper Kuban, the steppes of the lower Kuma and the Kura, and the Araks. In the 19th century they numbere...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tatars: Encyclopedia Ii - Tatars - Siberian Tatars
The main article is Siberian Tatars The Siberian Tatars were estimated (1895) at 80,000 of Turkic stock, and about 40,000 had Uralic or U...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arsk: Encyclopedia - Arsk
Arsk (also spilled Archa; Tatar: Arça /ar`ʆa/; Russian: Арск /arsk/) is a town in northern-eastern Tatarstan, Russia. It is located...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - August 30: Encyclopedia - August 30
August 30 is the 242nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (243rd in leap years), with 123 days remaining. August 30 - Events. 7...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Khanate Of Kazan: Encyclopedia Ii - Khanate Of Kazan - Culture
In general, the culture of the Kazan Khanate descended from that of Volga Bulgaria. Cultural elements of the Golden Horde were also prese...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Active Autonomist And Secessionist Movements: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Active Autonomist And Secessionist Movements - Africa
List of active autonomist and secessionist movements - Algeria. Kabyles Proposed state: Kabylia Political: Mouvement pour l'Autonomie ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Mosques: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Mosques - Asia
List of mosques - Bangladesh. Baitul Mukarram High Court Mosque Tara Mosque Sixty Pillar Mosque Binat Bibi mosque Baitul Mukarram in D...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Unrepresented Nations And Peoples Organisation: Encyclopedia Ii - Unrepresented Nations And Peoples Organisation - Members
in the AMERICAS Buffalo River Dene Nation Lakota (Dakota or Sioux Indians) Mapuche Nahuals del Alto Balsas Nuxálk in AFRICA Cabinda B...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkic Peoples: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkic Peoples - Religion
Various pre-Islamic Turkic civilizations of the 6th century were Shamanist and Tengriist. The Shamanist religion is based on spiritual an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tatar Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Tatar Language - Geographic Distribution
Tatar is spoken in some parts of Europe, Russia, Siberia, China, Turkey, Poland, Ukraine, Finland, Estonia and Central Asia. Kazan Tatar ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Volga Bulgaria: Encyclopedia Ii - Volga Bulgaria - Origin
First-hand information on Volga Bulgaria is rather sparse. As no authentic Bulgar records have survived, most of our information comes fr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Turkic States And Empires: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Turkic States And Empires - Historical Kingdoms And Empires
The following listed kingdoms and empires were at some time ruled by Turkic kings/khans/shahs or other dynasties. Mentioning of any parti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Flags: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Flags - National Flags
List of flags - A. Flag of Afghanistan - Flag of Albania - Flag of Algeria - Flag of American Samoa - Flag of Andorra - Flag of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Russification: Encyclopedia Ii - Russification - History
One of the examples of Russification was replacement of the Polish language by Russian in areas of Poland-Lithuania after the Partitions ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Politics Of Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of Europe - Independence Movements
Politics of Europe - Belgium. One of Belgium’s parties, the Vlaams Belang, a Flemish equivalent of the French National Front, wants F...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mongol Invasion Of Volga Bulgaria: Encyclopedia Ii - Mongol Invasion Of Volga Bulgaria - Impact On The Region
According to some historians, over 80% of the country's population was killed during the invasion. The remaining population mostly reloca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky: Encyclopedia Ii - Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky - Biography
Lobachevsky was born in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. His parents were Ivan Maksimovich Lobachevsky, a clerk in a landsurveying office, and Pr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - World Chess Championship: Encyclopedia Ii - World Chess Championship - History Of The World Chess Championship
World Chess Championship - Three pioneering titans Pre-1900. The first match proclaimed by the players as for the world championship wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Twin Towns And Sister Cities: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Twin Towns And Sister Cities - Europe
List of twin towns and sister cities - Albania. Tirana - Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996) List of twin towns and sister citie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pakistan: Encyclopedia Ii - Pakistan - History
See main article for detailed information: History of Pakistan (Including pre-history, civilizations of the region, and modern events to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ahmad Ibn Fadlan: Encyclopedia Ii - Ahmad Ibn Fadlan - The Embassy
Ibn Fadlan was sent from Baghdad in 921 to serve as the secretary to an ambassador from the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir to the iltäbär (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Politics Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of Russia - The Constitution And Government Structure
During 1992-93 Yeltsin had argued that the existing, heavily amended 1978 constitution of Russia was obsolete and self-contradictory and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Population Transfer In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Population Transfer In The Soviet Union - Transfers Of Ethnicities
The wholesale removal of potentially trouble-making ethnic groups was a technique used consistently by Joseph Stalin during his career: P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Northern Indigenous Peoples Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - Northern Indigenous Peoples Of Russia - Small Indigenous Peoples Of Russian North Siberia And Far East
The following 40 peoples (as of 2000) are officially recognized as Indigenous Small Peoples of Russia. They are included into the Еди�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mari Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Mari Language - Grammar
Mari language - Alphabet and Phonology. A display of the Mari alphabet: http://www1.peoples.org.ru/alfmari.html Note: The sounds ɯ (h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mari El: Encyclopedia Ii - Mari El - Geography
The Republic is located in the eastern part of the East European Plain of the Russian Federation, along Volga River. Swampy Mari Depressi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Russian Constitutional Crisis Of 1993: Encyclopedia Ii - Russian Constitutional Crisis Of 1993 - Origins Of The Crisis
Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 - The intensifying executive-legislative power struggle. Yeltsin's reform program took effect on ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tartary: Encyclopedia Ii - Tartary - Geography And History
Tartary was often divided into sections with prefixes denoting the name of the ruling power or the geographical location. Thus, western S...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uzbekistan Airways: Encyclopedia Ii - Uzbekistan Airways - Destinations
Since its formation, Uzbekistan Airways has mainly aimed its passenger service at Western Europe and other international locations. Most ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uzbekistan Airways: Encyclopedia Ii - Uzbekistan Airways - Services
Since its formation, Uzbekistan Airways has mainly aimed its passenger service at Western Europe and other international locations. Most...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ulyanovsk Oblast: Encyclopedia Ii - Ulyanovsk Oblast - Geography
Ulyanovsk Oblast borders Chuvashia (N), Tatarstan (NE), Samara Oblast (E), Saratov Oblast (S), Penza Oblast (W) and Mordovia (NW). It is ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Udmurtia: Encyclopedia Ii - Udmurtia - Geography
Udmurtia is located in the eastern portion of the Eastern European Plain, between the Kama and Vyatka Rivers. Area: 42,100km². Borders:...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tatar Alphabet: Encyclopedia Ii - Tatar Alphabet - Latin Version
The Latin version of the Tatar alphabet contains 35 letters. There are 10 vowels and 25 consonants. There are 10 extra letters: Çç, Ğ�...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Active Autonomist And Secessionist Movements: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Active Autonomist And Secessionist Movements - Africa
List of active autonomist and secessionist movements - Algeria. Kabyles Proposed state: Kabylia Political: Mouvement pour l'Autonomie ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Cultural And Regional Genres Of Music: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Cultural And Regional Genres Of Music - Geographic Genres
List of cultural and regional genres of music - By country. Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bashkortostan: Encyclopedia Ii - Bashkortostan - Geography
Bashkortostan contains part of the southern Urals and the adjacent plains. Area: 143,600 km². Borders: Bashkortostan borders Perm Krai ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bulgars: Encyclopedia Ii - Bulgars - History
Bulgars - Migration to Europe. In the 2nd century AD, some groups of Bulgars migrated to the European continent and settled on the plai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bashkirs: Encyclopedia Ii - Bashkirs - History
The name Bashkir appears for the first time in the beginning of the 10th century in the writings of ibn Fadlan, who, in describing his tr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alsou: Encyclopedia Ii - Alsou - Background
Alsou was traveling much around the world when she was little. She had visited Denmark, Canada, USA and at the age of 10 she was living i...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Gulag Camps: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Gulag Camps - Construction Works
List of Gulag camps - Not figured out yet. Alluvajsky CS and ITL (PL) Jensky CS and ITL (PL) Matkozensky CS and ITL (PL) Yanstroy ITL ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chuvashia: Encyclopedia Ii - Chuvashia - Economy
Chuvashia is Russia’s center for hops growing and is famous throughout the country for its long history of beer brewing. It is also a m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Culture Of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture Of Tatarstan - Libraries
Major libraries include the Science Library of Kazan State University and the National Library of the Republic of Tatarstan. There are tw...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islam In Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - Islam In Russia - Islam Today
Relations between the Russian government and Muslim elements of the population have been marked by mistrust and suspicion. In 1992, for e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Santa Claus: Encyclopedia Ii - Santa Claus - Origins
The modern Santa Claus is thought to be a composite character made up from the merging of quite separate figures. Santa Claus - Ancient ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Tatarstan - After The Russian Invasion
After 1552 the khanate was governed by Kazan Palace's Office formed in Moscow. In 1555 a bishop was appointed in Kazan with a mandate to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fc Rubin Kazan: Encyclopedia Ii - Fc Rubin Kazan - Current Squad
Note: Squad is according to the Official Russian Premier League site. ... See also:FC Rubin Kazan, FC Rubin Kazan - Current Squad, FC ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Dungan: Encyclopedia Ii - Dungan - Culture
The Dungan are primarily farmers, growing rice and vegetables such as sugar beets. Many also raise dairy cattle. In addition, some are in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Istanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - Istanbul - History
Byzantium was the original name of the modern city of İstanbul. Byzantium was originally settled by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Joseph Stalin: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Stalin - Stalin And Changes In Soviet Society
Joseph Stalin - Industrialization. Main article: Industrialization of the USSR. The Russian Civil War and War communism had a devastati...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bashkir Language: Encyclopedia Ii - Bashkir Language - Speakers
The 1989 population census showed over 1,047,000 native speakers of the Bashkir language living in the USSR. Additional 26,737 claimed Ba...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kazan: Encyclopedia Ii - Kazan - History
It is disputed when Kazan was founded by the Volga Bulgars, as written records for that period are sparse. Estimates range from the early...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bulgars: Encyclopedia Ii - Bulgars - History
Bulgars - Migration to Europe. In the 2nd century AD, some groups of Bulgars migrated to the European continent and settled on the plai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Multilingualism: Encyclopedia Ii - Multilingualism - Examples Of Multilingual Regions/settings
There is a distinction between social and personal bilinguism. Many countries, such as Belgium, which are officially multilingual, may ha...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Camp Delta: Encyclopedia Ii - Camp Delta - Camp X-ray
Camp X-Ray was a temporary detention facility located at the Joint Task Force Guantanamo on the U.S. Naval Base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boris Yeltsin: Encyclopedia Ii - Boris Yeltsin - Post-soviet Presidency
Following the dissolution of the USSR, the acceleration of economic restructuring became one of Yeltsin's main priorities with his govern...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ahmad Ibn Fadlan: Encyclopedia Ii - Ahmad Ibn Fadlan - The Embassy
Ibn Fadlan was sent from Baghdad in 921 to serve as the secretary to an ambassador from the Abbasid Caliph al-Muqtadir to the iltäbär (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - First Chechen War: Encyclopedia Ii - First Chechen War - Quagmire And Cease Fire
First Chechen War - The spread of the war and the rise of new separatist activities. Boris Yeltsin's expectations of a quick surgical s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - İstanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - İstanbul - Etymology
The name İstanbul comes from the Greek words εις την Πόλη – eis tin Poli (pronounced [is tim boli]) or στην Πόλη, fr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Camp Delta: Encyclopedia Ii - Camp Delta - Camp Delta
Camp Delta (composed of detention camps: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and Camp Echo) is located in the U.S. naval base that stands on Guantánamo Ba...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chuvashia: Encyclopedia Ii - Chuvashia - Culture
The republic has a fascinating cultural heritage, a result of the ethnic Chuvash presence in the region. While Russian is the predominant...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Tatarstan - Revolution And Civilian War
The main article is Idel-Ural State During the chaos of the Russian Revolutions of 1917, Tatarstan became functionally independent with a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Tatarstan - The Soviet Rule
The main article is Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. On 27 May 1920 the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the RSFS...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Boris Yeltsin: Encyclopedia Ii - Boris Yeltsin - Life After Resignation
Yeltsin's personal and health problems received a lot of attention in the global press. As the years went on, he was seen as an increasin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Tatarstan - Khanate Of Kazan
The main article is Khanate of Kazan In the first half of the 15th century, as the result of Golden Horde's collapse, the Khanate of Kaza...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria
The main article is Volga Bulgaria The 9th and 10th centuries saw the rise of the first organized state in the region, the Khanate of the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Tatarstan - Pre-history
Human habitation in Tatarstan dates back to the Palaeolithic period. Remains of several cultures of the Stone and Bronze Ages have been d...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - First Chechen War: Encyclopedia Ii - First Chechen War - The Chechen Struggle For Independence And Chechen Nationalism
First Chechen War - Chechen nationalism in historical context. Russian Cossacks lived in Chechnya (Terek) since the 16th century. The f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Chuvashia: Encyclopedia Ii - Chuvashia - History
The Chuvash ancestors were tribes of ancient Bulgars and Suars that resided in the Northern Caucasus in the 5th to the 8th centuries. In ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Tatarstan - Turkic Peoples
The main article is Onoghur The period from roughly 500 to 700 CE saw an influx of Turkic-speaking nomads. These immigrants' culture was ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bashkortostan: Encyclopedia Ii - Bashkortostan - Culture
Folklore singing and dancing companies, a network of national theaters, museums, and libraries are on the rise; annual folk festivals bec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - First Chechen War: Encyclopedia Ii - First Chechen War - The Chechen Struggle For Independence And Chechen Nationalism
First Chechen War - Chechen nationalism in historical context. Russian Cossacks lived in Chechnya (Terek) since the 16th century. The f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ahmad Ibn Fadlan: Encyclopedia Ii - Ahmad Ibn Fadlan - The Rus
A substantial part of Ibn Fadlan's account is dedicated to the description of a people he called the Rūs روس or Rūsiyyah. Most schol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - First Chechen War: Encyclopedia Ii - First Chechen War - Origins Of The War In Chechnya
First Chechen War - The collapse of the Soviet regime and Russia's March 1992 Federation Treaty. In 1991, quite suddenly and unexpected...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Camp Delta: Encyclopedia Ii - Camp Delta - International Concern About The Conditions In The Camp
On May 25, 2005, Amnesty International released a report calling the facility the "gulag of our times", which some contend is a gross mis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Istanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - Istanbul - Districts
Adalar | Avcılar | Bağcılar | Bahçelievler | Bakırköy | Bayrampaşa | Beşiktaş | Beykoz | Beyoğlu | Büyükçekmece | Çatalca ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Istanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - Istanbul - Climate
Temperate-Continental People coming to İstanbul can expect long, hot and humid summers and cold, rainy and snowy winters. The total prec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Istanbul: Encyclopedia Ii - Istanbul - Places To Visit
Constantinople was a cultural and ethnic melting pot. As a result, there are many historical mosques, churches, synagogues, and palaces t...   » Read the article