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Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | A Wisdom Archive on Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic A selection of articles related to Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic | | | |  Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - Tatarstan - HistoryThe main article is History of Tatarstan
Tatarstan - Middle Ages.
The earliest known organized state within the boundaries of Tatarstan was Volga Bulgaria (c. 700-1238 CE). The Volga Bulgars had an advanced mercantile state with trade contacts throughout Inner Eurasia, the Middle East and the Baltic, which maintained its independence despite pressure by such nations as the Khazars, the Kievan Rus and the Kipchaks. Islam was introduced by missionaries from Baghdad around the ...
See also:Tatarstan, Tatarstan - Terminology, Tatarstan - Geography, Tatarstan - Time zone, Tatarstan - Rivers, Tatarstan - Lakes, Tatarstan - Natural resources, Tatarstan - Climate, Tatarstan - Administrative divisions, Tatarstan - Demographics, Tatarstan - History, Tatarstan - Middle Ages, Tatarstan - Modern times, Tatarstan - Tatarstan today, Tatarstan - Politics, Tatarstan - Political status, Tatarstan - Economy, Tatarstan - Culture, Tatarstan - Education, Tatarstan - Religion, Tatarstan - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - Tatarstan - History |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - Kazan - History It is disputed when Kazan was founded by the Volga Bulgars, as written records for that period are sparse. Estimates range from the early 11th century to the late 13th century (see Iske Qazan). It was a block-post on the border between Volga Bulgaria and Finnish tribes (Mari, Udmurt). Another question was where the citadel was built originally. The archeologic explorations gave rests of the urban settlement in 3 parts of the modern city: in the Kremlin, in Bişbalta in the place of modern Zilantaw monastery and near the Qaban lake. The oldest was the Kremlin which cou ...
See also:Kazan, Kazan - Name, Kazan - History, Kazan - Historical population, Kazan - Historical naming, Kazan - Central Kazan, Kazan - Kremlin, Kazan - Bistä or Posad, Kazan - Wooden Kazan, Kazan - The University, Kazan - Administrative system, Kazan - Economy, Kazan - Languages, Kazan - City ethnic communities, Kazan - Tatars and Russians, Kazan - Other communities, Kazan - Transport Read more here: » Kazan: Encyclopedia II - Kazan - History |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion After 1552 the khanate was governed by Kazan Palace's Office formed in Moscow. In 1555 a bishop was appointed in Kazan with a mandate to baptize the Idel-Ural peoples. Many churches and monasteries were built, and Russian peasants and craftsmen were resettled within Tatarstan. At the same time ethnic Tatars were removed from Kazan proper as well as regions close to rivers and roads. Under pressure from the Russians many Tatars emigrated to the Upper Kama, Trans-Kama area, Bashkortostan, the Urals and Siberia during the 16th and 17th centurie ...
See also:History of Tatarstan, History of Tatarstan - Pre-history, History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples, History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria, History of Tatarstan - Mongol invasion, History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan, History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion, History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War, History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule, History of Tatarstan - Post-Soviet history Read more here: » History of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - Tatarstan - Miscellaneous The people of ethnic majority of Tatarstan are usually offended when called Tartars. The preferred name is Tatars. Inhabitants of Tatarstan regardless of ethnicity are usually called Tatarstaners (Tatarstanlı/татарстанлы, татарстанец).
The name Tatarstan derives from the Tatar and Persian stan (an ending common to many Muslim countries). Other variants of the republic's name are Russian Tataria (former official R ...
See also:Tatarstan, Tatarstan - Terminology, Tatarstan - Geography, Tatarstan - Time zone, Tatarstan - Rivers, Tatarstan - Lakes, Tatarstan - Natural resources, Tatarstan - Climate, Tatarstan - Administrative divisions, Tatarstan - Demographics, Tatarstan - History, Tatarstan - Middle Ages, Tatarstan - Modern times, Tatarstan - Tatarstan today, Tatarstan - Politics, Tatarstan - Political status, Tatarstan - Economy, Tatarstan - Culture, Tatarstan - Education, Tatarstan - Religion, Tatarstan - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - Tatarstan - Miscellaneous |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - Tatarstan - Culture Main article: Culture of Tatarstan
Major libraries include the Science Library of Kazan State University and the National Library of the Republic of Tatarstan. There are two museums of republican significance, as well as 90 museums of local importance. In the past several years new museums appeared throughout the Republic.
There are 16 theaters in Tatarstan.
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See also:Tatarstan, Tatarstan - Terminology, Tatarstan - Geography, Tatarstan - Time zone, Tatarstan - Rivers, Tatarstan - Lakes, Tatarstan - Natural resources, Tatarstan - Climate, Tatarstan - Administrative divisions, Tatarstan - Demographics, Tatarstan - History, Tatarstan - Middle Ages, Tatarstan - Modern times, Tatarstan - Tatarstan today, Tatarstan - Politics, Tatarstan - Political status, Tatarstan - Economy, Tatarstan - Culture, Tatarstan - Education, Tatarstan - Religion, Tatarstan - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - Tatarstan - Culture |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - Tatarstan - Politics The head of the government in Tatarstan is the President. As of 2005, the President is Mintimer Shaeymiev (Tatar: Mintimer Şäymiev). Tatarstan's unicameral National Parliament (Däwlät Sovetı) has 100 seats: 50 are for representatives of the parties, other 50 are for deputies from the republic's localities. The speaker of the National Parliament is Farit Mukhametshin (Färit Möxämmätşin).
According to the Tatarstan Constitution, the President can be elected only by the people of Tatarstan, but due to Russian federal law t ...
See also:Tatarstan, Tatarstan - Terminology, Tatarstan - Geography, Tatarstan - Time zone, Tatarstan - Rivers, Tatarstan - Lakes, Tatarstan - Natural resources, Tatarstan - Climate, Tatarstan - Administrative divisions, Tatarstan - Demographics, Tatarstan - History, Tatarstan - Middle Ages, Tatarstan - Modern times, Tatarstan - Tatarstan today, Tatarstan - Politics, Tatarstan - Political status, Tatarstan - Economy, Tatarstan - Culture, Tatarstan - Education, Tatarstan - Religion, Tatarstan - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - Tatarstan - Politics |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Pre-history Human habitation in Tatarstan dates back to the Palaeolithic period. Remains of several cultures of the Stone and Bronze Ages have been discovered within Tatarstan. During the Iron Age (8th c. BCE–3d c. CE), the Ananino culture, probably a Finno-Ugrian people, dominated the area of the upper Volga and Kama river valleys. From the middle of the 1st millennium BC western Tatarstan was occupied by the Gorodets culture.
From the fourth century BCE much of the Volga-Kama basin was occuped by tribes of the İmänkiskä culture, who are th ...
See also:History of Tatarstan, History of Tatarstan - Pre-history, History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples, History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria, History of Tatarstan - Mongol invasion, History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan, History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion, History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War, History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule, History of Tatarstan - Post-Soviet history Read more here: » History of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Pre-history |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan The main article is Khanate of Kazan
In the first half of the 15th century, as the result of Golden Horde's collapse, the Khanate of Kazan emerged as the dominant power in the Volga-Kama region. As Muscovy grew in power and struggled for control of trade routes and territory with the Golden Horde's successor states, Kazan was at times dominated by factions favorable to Moscow, and at other times by factions advocating alliance with other Tatar polities such as the Crimean Khanate. Finally ...
See also:History of Tatarstan, History of Tatarstan - Pre-history, History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples, History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria, History of Tatarstan - Mongol invasion, History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan, History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion, History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War, History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule, History of Tatarstan - Post-Soviet history Read more here: » History of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule The main article is Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
On 27 May 1920 the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic of the RSFSR was declared. However, in the late 1920s the Soviet government under Stalin began to place restrictions on the use of the Tatar language (among many other minority languages in theSoviet Union). The development of national culture declined significantly. The Tatar alphabet was switched twice (to the Latin alphabet and then to Cyrillic). From the 1930s through the 1950s Tatar-language press, ...
See also:History of Tatarstan, History of Tatarstan - Pre-history, History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples, History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria, History of Tatarstan - Mongol invasion, History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan, History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion, History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War, History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule, History of Tatarstan - Post-Soviet history Read more here: » History of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War The main article is Idel-Ural State
During the chaos of the Russian Revolutions of 1917, Tatarstan became functionally independent with a national parliament (Millät Mäclese), national government (Milli İdarä), national council (Milli Şura), and a national military council (Xärbi Şura). Some Tatar military units took part in Civil War against the Reds. Anti-communist Tatar revolutionaries declared the Idel-Ural State, but the Moscow Bolshevist government moved to prevent an independent Tatarstan on its flank. The "Muslim ...
See also:History of Tatarstan, History of Tatarstan - Pre-history, History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples, History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria, History of Tatarstan - Mongol invasion, History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan, History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion, History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War, History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule, History of Tatarstan - Post-Soviet history Read more here: » History of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria The main article is Volga Bulgaria
The 9th and 10th centuries saw the rise of the first organized state in the region, the Khanate of the Volga Bulgars. The population of Volga Bulgaria was largely agricultural. The cities of Bolghar, Bilär, and Suar, among others, appeared with the growth of industry (casting, forging) and trade. Crop-growing and a cattle-breeding played a major role in the economy. The farmers were predominantly free landowners.
In the early 900's the Volga Bulgars converted to Islam, causing their culture to be greatly influenced by that of the Muslim Middle East.
< ...
See also:History of Tatarstan, History of Tatarstan - Pre-history, History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples, History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria, History of Tatarstan - Mongol invasion, History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan, History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion, History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War, History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule, History of Tatarstan - Post-Soviet history Read more here: » History of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples The main article is Onoghur
The period from roughly 500 to 700 CE saw an influx of Turkic-speaking nomads. These immigrants' culture was related to those of the Gokturks, Khazars and the tribes of Great Bulgaria.
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See also:History of Tatarstan, History of Tatarstan - Pre-history, History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples, History of Tatarstan - Volga Bulgaria, History of Tatarstan - Mongol invasion, History of Tatarstan - Khanate of Kazan, History of Tatarstan - After the Russian invasion, History of Tatarstan - Revolution and Civilian War, History of Tatarstan - The Soviet rule, History of Tatarstan - Post-Soviet history Read more here: » History of Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - History of Tatarstan - Turkic peoples |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - Tatarstan - Demographics About 70 nationalities inhabit Tatarstan. Major ethnic groups are the Tatars (51.3%), Russians (41%), Chuvashes (about 3%). Mordvinians, Udmurts, Mari, and Bashkirs also live in the territory of the Republic.
Official languages are Tatar and Russian. According to the 2002 Russian Federal Law (On Languages of Peoples of the Russian Federation), the official script is Cyrillic. Tatarstan's government as well as human rights groups are strongly opposed to this law.
Population: 3,779,265 (2002)
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See also:Tatarstan, Tatarstan - Terminology, Tatarstan - Geography, Tatarstan - Time zone, Tatarstan - Rivers, Tatarstan - Lakes, Tatarstan - Natural resources, Tatarstan - Climate, Tatarstan - Administrative divisions, Tatarstan - Demographics, Tatarstan - History, Tatarstan - Middle Ages, Tatarstan - Modern times, Tatarstan - Tatarstan today, Tatarstan - Politics, Tatarstan - Political status, Tatarstan - Economy, Tatarstan - Culture, Tatarstan - Education, Tatarstan - Religion, Tatarstan - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - Tatarstan - Demographics |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - Kazan - Administrative system The main body of legislative authority of the city is the Kazan City Council. Executive power is exercised by Kazan City Administration.
Kazan is divided into 7 administrative districts.
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See also:Kazan, Kazan - Name, Kazan - History, Kazan - Historical population, Kazan - Historical naming, Kazan - Central Kazan, Kazan - Kremlin, Kazan - Bistä or Posad, Kazan - Wooden Kazan, Kazan - The University, Kazan - Administrative system, Kazan - Economy, Kazan - Languages, Kazan - City ethnic communities, Kazan - Tatars and Russians, Kazan - Other communities, Kazan - Transport Read more here: » Kazan: Encyclopedia II - Kazan - Administrative system |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - Kazan - The University The Kazan State University was founded in 1804 and has had several prominent students, including Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, Leo Tolstoy and Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin.
Kazan State Technical University was established in 1932. Today the University is one of the leading institutions in the development of aircraft and rocket engineering, engine- and instrument-production, computer science and radio engineering.
There are nearly 20 institutes and universities in Kazan, but they are not so prominent and the ...
See also:Kazan, Kazan - Name, Kazan - History, Kazan - Historical population, Kazan - Historical naming, Kazan - Central Kazan, Kazan - Kremlin, Kazan - Bistä or Posad, Kazan - Wooden Kazan, Kazan - The University, Kazan - Administrative system, Kazan - Economy, Kazan - Languages, Kazan - City ethnic communities, Kazan - Tatars and Russians, Kazan - Other communities, Kazan - Transport Read more here: » Kazan: Encyclopedia II - Kazan - The University |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - Kazan - Central Kazan
Kazan - Kremlin.
The main article is Kazan Kremlin
The city has a beautiful citadel (Russian: kreml, or, sometimes, Tatar: kirman), which was declared the World Heritage Site in 2000. Major monuments in the kremlin are the 5-domed 6-columned Annunciation Cathedral (1561-62) and the mysterious leaning Soyembika Tower, named after the last queen of Kazan and regarded a ...
See also:Kazan, Kazan - Name, Kazan - History, Kazan - Historical population, Kazan - Historical naming, Kazan - Central Kazan, Kazan - Kremlin, Kazan - Bistä or Posad, Kazan - Wooden Kazan, Kazan - The University, Kazan - Administrative system, Kazan - Economy, Kazan - Languages, Kazan - City ethnic communities, Kazan - Tatars and Russians, Kazan - Other communities, Kazan - Transport Read more here: » Kazan: Encyclopedia II - Kazan - Central Kazan |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - Kazan - Historical naming Probably, that "Qazan" as informal name also was used during 1278-1430.
See also: Iske Qazan
Tatar (now, 1928–1939): Qazan;
(1939–2000): Казан;
(1918–1928): قازان ;
(1922–1918), Arab: قزان ;
Russian: Каза́нь [Kazań];
Arab (hist.): Bulgar al-Jadid (in Tatar transliteration:Bolğar âl-Cädid) - New Bolğar;
German: Kasan, Latin: Casan, French: Kazan
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See also:Kazan, Kazan - Name, Kazan - History, Kazan - Historical population, Kazan - Historical naming, Kazan - Central Kazan, Kazan - Kremlin, Kazan - Bistä or Posad, Kazan - Wooden Kazan, Kazan - The University, Kazan - Administrative system, Kazan - Economy, Kazan - Languages, Kazan - City ethnic communities, Kazan - Tatars and Russians, Kazan - Other communities, Kazan - Transport Read more here: » Kazan: Encyclopedia II - Kazan - Historical naming |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - Kazan - Economy The capital of the Republic of Tatarstan is Kazan - a large railway, highway and airway knot, the largest port on the Volga River. Kazan is the main economic centre of Tatarstan. 35% of population, employed in economic branches, concentrate in Kazan. 151 large and medium-size companies are situated in the city, including 98 JSC.
Main branches of municipal industry are as follows: automotive, chemical and petroche ...
See also:Kazan, Kazan - Name, Kazan - History, Kazan - Historical population, Kazan - Historical naming, Kazan - Central Kazan, Kazan - Kremlin, Kazan - Bistä or Posad, Kazan - Wooden Kazan, Kazan - The University, Kazan - Administrative system, Kazan - Economy, Kazan - Languages, Kazan - City ethnic communities, Kazan - Tatars and Russians, Kazan - Other communities, Kazan - Transport Read more here: » Kazan: Encyclopedia II - Kazan - Economy |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - Kazan - Languages Russian and Tatar languages are widely spoken in the city. Russian is understood by practically all the population, apart from some older Tatars. Tatar is widely spoken only by Tatars. Native Tatars are also bilingual in Kazan. The offensive term Mankurt (Mañqort) is used for Tatars who do not speak the native language.
Not much English is spoken in the city, but young people tend to understand it.
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See also:Kazan, Kazan - Name, Kazan - History, Kazan - Historical population, Kazan - Historical naming, Kazan - Central Kazan, Kazan - Kremlin, Kazan - Bistä or Posad, Kazan - Wooden Kazan, Kazan - The University, Kazan - Administrative system, Kazan - Economy, Kazan - Languages, Kazan - City ethnic communities, Kazan - Tatars and Russians, Kazan - Other communities, Kazan - Transport Read more here: » Kazan: Encyclopedia II - Kazan - Languages |
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| | | | Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Encyclopedia II - Tatarstan - Geography The Republic is located in the center of the East European Plain, approximately 800 km east of Moscow. It lies between the Volga River and the Kama River (a tributary of the Volga), and extends east to the Ural mountains.
Area: 67,836.2 km²
Borders:
internal: Kirov Oblast (N), Udmurtia (N/NE), Bashkortostan (E/SE), Orenburg Oblast (SE), Samara Oblast (S), Ulyanovsk Oblast (S/SW), Chuvashia (W), Mari El (W/NW).
Highest point: 343 m
Maximum N->S distance: 290 km.
Maximum E->W distance: 460 km.
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See also:Tatarstan, Tatarstan - Terminology, Tatarstan - Geography, Tatarstan - Time zone, Tatarstan - Rivers, Tatarstan - Lakes, Tatarstan - Natural resources, Tatarstan - Climate, Tatarstan - Administrative divisions, Tatarstan - Demographics, Tatarstan - History, Tatarstan - Middle Ages, Tatarstan - Modern times, Tatarstan - Tatarstan today, Tatarstan - Politics, Tatarstan - Political status, Tatarstan - Economy, Tatarstan - Culture, Tatarstan - Education, Tatarstan - Religion, Tatarstan - Miscellaneous Read more here: » Tatarstan: Encyclopedia II - Tatarstan - Geography |
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