Tarim

The Qu'aiti sultans ruled most of Hadramaut, under a loose British protectorate, the Aden Protectorate, from 1882 to 1967, when the Hadhramaut was annexed by South Yemen. The Qu'aiti dynasty was founded by 'Umar bin Awadh al-Qu’aiti, a Yafa’i tribesman from Southern Arabia, whose wealth and influence as hereditary Jemadar of the Nizam of Hyderabad’s armed forces enabled him to establish the Qu’aiti dynasty in the latter half of the 19th century, winning British recognition of his paramount status in the region, in 1882. ...

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Hadhramaut, Hadhramaut - Modern history of the Wadi Hadhramaut

Read more here: » Hadhramaut: Encyclopedia II - Hadhramaut - Modern history of the Wadi Hadhramaut

Xinjiang (Uyghur: شىنجاڭ (Shinjang); Chinese: 新疆; Hanyu Pinyin: Xīnjiāng; Wade-Giles: Hsin1-chiang1; Postal Pinyin: Sinkiang), full name Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Uyghur: شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى (Shinjang Uyghur Aptonom Rayoni); Simplified: 新疆维吾尔自治区; Traditional: 新疆維吾爾自治區; Hanyu Pinyin: Xīnj ...

Including:

• Xinjiang - History
• Xinjiang - Subdivisions
• Xinjiang - Geography
• Xinjiang - Economy
• Xinjiang - Demographics
• Xinjiang - Culture
• Xinjiang - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Xinjiang: Encyclopedia - Xinjiang

Anavatapta (阿那婆達多 in Chinese and Japanese) is the lake lying at the center of the world, according to an ancient Buddhist cosmological view. The name Anavatapta means "heat-free"; the waters of the lake were thought to be able to soothe the fires that torment beings. Anavatapta is also the name of the dragon that lives in the lake; having become a Bodhisattva, it was free from the distresses that plague other dragons, which are torme ...

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Aksu (also known as Ak-su, Akshu, Aqsu, Bharuka and Po-lu-chia. Uyghur: ئاقسۇ/Ak̢su; simplified Chinese 阿克苏, traditional Chinese: 阿克蘇, pinyin: Ākèsù) is a city in the Chinese province of Xinjiang and the capital of Aksu Prefecture. As of 2002, the city, which is at 41°10′N 80°15′E in the Southern foothills of Tian Shan, has a population of 560,000, mostly Han Chinese. The economy of Aksu is mostly agricultural, with cotton, in particular long-staple cotton as the mai ...

Including:

• Aksu - Historical Aksu
• Aksu - Timeline
• Aksu - Neighbours
• Aksu - Literary sources

Read more here: » Aksu: Encyclopedia - Aksu

Chagatai Khan (alternative spellings Chagata, Chugta, Chagta, Djagatai, Jagatai), a son of Genghis Khan (1206—1227), controlled the part of the Mongol Empire which extended from the Ili river (eastern Kazakhstan) and Kashgaria (western Tarim Basin) to Transoxiana. He inherited most of what are now the five Central Asian states and northern Iran after the death of his father which he ruled until his death in 1242. The Empire later came to be known as the Chagatai Khanate, part of the Mongol Empire. These te ...

Including:

• Chagatai Khanate - Mongol successor states
• Chagatai Khanate - The Chagatai Khanate after Chagatai
• Chagatai Khanate - Tughlugh Timur and Tamerlane
• Chagatai Khanate - Successors of the Chagataites

Read more here: » Chagatai Khanate: Encyclopedia - Chagatai Khanate

The Gobi (Mongolian Говь, Chinese 戈壁; pinyin gē bì) is a large desert region in northern China and southern Mongolia. The desert basins of the Gobi are bounded by the Altay Mountains and the grasslands and steppes of Mongolia on the north, by the Tibetan Plateau to the southwest, and by the North China Plain to the southeast. The word Gobi means "desert" in Mongolian. The Gobi is made up of several distinct ecological and geographic regio ...

Including:

• Gobi Desert - Geography and the area
• Gobi Desert - Climate as of 1911
• Gobi Desert - Conservation ecology economy
• Gobi Desert - Ecoregions of the Gobi
• Gobi Desert - Eastern Gobi desert steppe
• Gobi Desert - Ala Shan Plateau semi-desert
• Gobi Desert - Junggar Basin semi-desert
• Gobi Desert - Desert of Kum-tagh
• Gobi Desert - Desert of Hami and the Pe-shan Mountains
• Gobi Desert - Sands of the Gobi Deserts
• Gobi Desert - European exploration up to 1911
• Gobi Desert - The Gobi Desert in popular culture

Read more here: » Gobi Desert: Encyclopedia - Gobi Desert

The Gobi, broadly defined, can be divided into five distinct desert and xeric shrubland ecoregions. The Eastern Gobi desert steppe is the easternmost of the Gobi ecoregions, covering an area of 281,800 square kilometers (108,800 square miles). It extends from the Inner Mongolian Plateau in China northward into Mongolia. It includes the Yin Mountains and many low-lying areas with salt pans and small ponds. It is bounded by the Mongolian-Manchurian grassland to the north, the Yellow River Plain to the southeast, and the ...

See also:

Gobi Desert, Gobi Desert - Geography and the area, Gobi Desert - Climate as of 1911, Gobi Desert - Conservation ecology economy, Gobi Desert - Ecoregions of the Gobi, Gobi Desert - Eastern Gobi desert steppe, Gobi Desert - Ala Shan Plateau semi-desert, Gobi Desert - Junggar Basin semi-desert, Gobi Desert - Desert of Kum-tagh, Gobi Desert - Desert of Hami and the Pe-shan Mountains, Gobi Desert - Sands of the Gobi Deserts, Gobi Desert - European exploration up to 1911, Gobi Desert - The Gobi Desert in popular culture

Read more here: » Gobi Desert: Encyclopedia II - Gobi Desert - Ecoregions of the Gobi

This list should be merged into the list above. 6,690 km - Nile, Africa 6,387 km - Amazon, South America 6,380 km - Yangtze (Chang Jiang), People's Republic of China 6,270 km - Mississippi-Missouri, USA 5,550 km - Yenisei-Angara, Mongolia / Russia, (5,870 km) 5,410 km - Ob-Irtysh, North Asia 4,410 km - Amur, East Asia 4,380 km - Congo, Africa, (or 4,670 km, the source of the river is disputed.) 4,350 km - Huang He (Yellow), People's Republic of China, ...

See also:

List of rivers by length, List of rivers by length - Definition of length, List of rivers by length - List of rivers longer than 2000 km, List of rivers by length - List of rivers longer than 1000 km, List of rivers by length - Longest rivers that have probably existed in the past, List of rivers by length - Nile, List of rivers by length - Amazon-Congo

Read more here: » List of rivers by length: Encyclopedia II - List of rivers by length - List of rivers longer than 1000 km

Buddhism was introduced to Kucha before the end of the 1st century, however it was not until the 3rd century that the kingdom became a major center of Buddhism, primarily the Shravakayana branch but also Mahayana. (In this respect it differed from Khotan, a Mahayana-dominated kingdom on the southern side of the desert.) According to the Chinese Book of Jin, during the third century there were nearly one thousand Buddhist stupas and temples in Kucha. At this time, Kuchanese monks began to travel to China. The fourth century saw yet fur ...

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Kucha, Kucha - Kucha and Buddhism, Kucha - Monasteries, Kucha - Nunneries, Kucha - Monks, Kucha - Neighbors, Kucha - Timeline, Kucha - Sources

Read more here: » Kucha: Encyclopedia II - Kucha - Kucha and Buddhism

The opening of the Tang dynasty, in 618, saw the beginning of a prolonged struggle between China and the Western Turks for control of the Tarim Basin. In 635 the Tang Annals report an embassy from the king of Kashgar. In 639 there was a second embassy bringing products of Kashgar as a token of submission. Xuan Zang passed through Kashgar (which he calls Ka-sha) in 644 on his return journey from India to China. The Buddhist religion, then beginning to decay in India, was active in Kashgar. Xuan Zang records that they flat ...

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Kashgar, Kashgar - Geography, Kashgar - History of the Site, Kashgar - Name, Kashgar - Early History, Kashgar - The Kushans, Kashgar - Three Kingdoms to the Sui, Kashgar - The Tang Dynasty, Kashgar - The Arab Invasions, Kashgar - The Uighurs, Kashgar - The Mongols, Kashgar - Chinese Garrison, Kashgar - The 1862 Revolt, Kashgar - Sights, Kashgar - Demographics, Kashgar - Economics & Society

Read more here: » Kashgar: Encyclopedia II - Kashgar - The Tang Dynasty

Han Dynasty Chapter 96A of the Hanshu or 'History of the Former Han' (which covers the period from 125 BCE to 23 CE) says that Yutian, or Khotan, had 3,300 households, 19,300 individuals and 2,400 people able to bear arms. The town obviously grew very quickly after China opened the Silk Routes to the West, for the population had more than quadrupled by the time of the Later Han. Here is the entry on Khotan from the Hou Hanshu as tran ...

See also:

Kingdom of Khotan, Kingdom of Khotan - Capital, Kingdom of Khotan - Culture, Kingdom of Khotan - History, Kingdom of Khotan - Neighbors, Kingdom of Khotan - History Timeline

Read more here: » Kingdom of Khotan: Encyclopedia II - Kingdom of Khotan - History

The Tarim mummies suggest that precursors of these easternmost speakers of an Indo-European language may have lived in the region of the Tarim Basin from around 1800 BCE until finally they were assimilated by Uighur Turks in the 8th century CE. There is evidence both from the mummies and Chinese writings that many of them had blonde or red hair and blue eyes, characteristics also found in present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Central Asia, due to the populations' high genetic diversity. This suggests the possibility that t ...

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Tocharians, Tocharians - Archaeology, Tocharians - Language, Tocharians - Historic role, Tocharians - Naming

Read more here: » Tocharians: Encyclopedia II - Tocharians - Archaeology

Aksu was also the name of an ancient Buddhist kingdom located at the same place: on the branch of the Silk road that ran along the northern edge of the Taklamakan desert in the Tarim basin. The pilgrim Xuanzang recorded that there were tens of Buddhist monasteries in the kingdom and over 1000 monks. He said the kingdom was 600 li from east to west, and 300 li from north to south. Its capital was said to be 6 li in circuit. He also stated that cloth made in the ar ...

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Aksu, Aksu - Historical Aksu, Aksu - Timeline, Aksu - Neighbours, Aksu - Literary sources

Read more here: » Aksu: Encyclopedia II - Aksu - Historical Aksu

Chagatai died shortly after Ögedei. The Chagataites, who had previously accepted Guyuk, consented to the succession to Möngke as Great Khan with some reluctance, but on the whole the Mongol Empire did not disgregate. Möngke died during his campaign against Song China. Kublai (Qubilai) succeeded him as Great Khan in 1260, but faced a succession crisis. His younger brother, Arigboka (Arigboqa), claimed the great khanate. Kublai brought him to heel with the help of A ...

See also:

Chagatai Khanate, Chagatai Khanate - Mongol successor states, Chagatai Khanate - The Chagatai Khanate after Chagatai, Chagatai Khanate - Tughlugh Timur and Tamerlane, Chagatai Khanate - Successors of the Chagataites

Read more here: » Chagatai Khanate: Encyclopedia II - Chagatai Khanate - The Chagatai Khanate after Chagatai

The Gobi, broadly defined, can be divided into five distinct dry ecoregions. The Eastern Gobi desert steppe is the easternmost of the Gobi ecoregions, covering an area of 281,800 square kilometers (108,800 square miles). It extends from the Inner Mongolian Plateau in China northward into Mongolia. It includes the Yin Mountains and many low-lying areas with salt pans and small ponds. It is bounded by the Mongolian-Manchurian grassland to the north, the Yellow River Plain to the southeast, and the ...

See also:

Gobi Desert, Gobi Desert - Geography and the area, Gobi Desert - Climate as of 1911, Gobi Desert - Conservation ecology economy, Gobi Desert - Ecoregions of the Gobi, Gobi Desert - Eastern Gobi desert steppe, Gobi Desert - Ala Shan Plateau semi-desert, Gobi Desert - Junggar Basin semi-desert, Gobi Desert - Desert of Kum-tagh, Gobi Desert - Desert of Hami and the Pe-shan Mountains, Gobi Desert - Sands of the Gobi Deserts, Gobi Desert - European exploration up to 1911, Gobi Desert - The Gobi Desert in popular culture

Read more here: » Gobi Desert: Encyclopedia II - Gobi Desert - Ecoregions of the Gobi

Traversed by the Silk Road, Xinjiang is the Chinese name for the Tarim and Dzungaria regions of what is now northwest China. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD), the region was subservient to the Xiongnu, a powerful nomadic people based in modern Mongolia. In the 2nd century BC, Han China sent Zhang Qian as an envoy to the states in the region, beginning several decades of struggle between the Xiongnu and Han China over dominance of the region, eventually ending in Chinese success. In 60 BC Han China established the Protectorate of the Western Regions (西域都護府) at Wulei (烏壘; near modern Luntai) to oversee the ent ...

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Xinjiang, Xinjiang - History, Xinjiang - Subdivisions, Xinjiang - Geography, Xinjiang - Economy, Xinjiang - Demographics, Xinjiang - Culture, Xinjiang - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » Xinjiang: Encyclopedia II - Xinjiang - History

One should take the aforementioned discussion into account when using the data in the following table. For most rivers, different sources provide conflicting information on the length of a river system. The information in different sources is between parentheses. Notes: When the length of a river is followed by an asterisk (*), it is an average of multiple sources. If the difference in lengths between given sources is significant, all lengths are listed. Likewise, if the lengths from secondary sources are similar themselv ...

See also:

List of rivers by length, List of rivers by length - Definition of length, List of rivers by length - List of rivers longer than 2000 km, List of rivers by length - List of rivers longer than 1000 km, List of rivers by length - Longest rivers that have probably existed in the past, List of rivers by length - Nile, List of rivers by length - Amazon-Congo

Read more here: » List of rivers by length: Encyclopedia II - List of rivers by length - List of rivers longer than 2000 km

The length of a river is not always easy to calculate. It depends on the identification of the source, the identification of the mouth, and the precise measurement of the river length between source and mouth. As a result, the length measurements of many rivers are only approximations. In particular, there is disagreement whether the Amazon or the Nile is the world's longest river. The source of a river may be hard to determine because a river typically has many tributaries. Among the many sources, the one that is farthest away from t ...

See also:

List of rivers by length, List of rivers by length - Definition of length, List of rivers by length - List of rivers longer than 2000 km, List of rivers by length - List of rivers longer than 1000 km, List of rivers by length - Longest rivers that have probably existed in the past, List of rivers by length - Nile, List of rivers by length - Amazon-Congo

Read more here: » List of rivers by length: Encyclopedia II - List of rivers by length - Definition of length

The Gobi Desert is the source of some of the most incredible fossil finds in history, including the first dinosaur eggs. These deserts and the surrounding regions sustain many animals, including black-tailed gazelles, marbled polecats, and sandplovers, and are occasionally visited by snow leopards, brown bears, and wolves. The desert features a number of drought-adapted shrubs such as gray sparrow's saltwort, gray sage ...

See also:

Gobi Desert, Gobi Desert - Geography and the area, Gobi Desert - Climate as of 1911, Gobi Desert - Conservation ecology economy, Gobi Desert - Ecoregions of the Gobi, Gobi Desert - Eastern Gobi desert steppe, Gobi Desert - Ala Shan Plateau semi-desert, Gobi Desert - Junggar Basin semi-desert, Gobi Desert - Desert of Kum-tagh, Gobi Desert - Desert of Hami and the Pe-shan Mountains, Gobi Desert - Sands of the Gobi Deserts, Gobi Desert - European exploration up to 1911, Gobi Desert - The Gobi Desert in popular culture

Read more here: » Gobi Desert: Encyclopedia II - Gobi Desert - Conservation ecology economy

List of rivers by length - Nile. The Virunga Volcanoes started to form in the Miocene period, blocking the African Rift Valley. Before that, the water which now accumulates in Lake Tanganyika drained northwards into the Albert Nile, which would make the Nile somewhere around 1500 km = 900 miles longer, with its longest headwater in Zambia. List of rivers by length - Amazon-Congo. The Amazon basin ...

See also:

List of rivers by length, List of rivers by length - Definition of length, List of rivers by length - List of rivers longer than 2000 km, List of rivers by length - List of rivers longer than 1000 km, List of rivers by length - Longest rivers that have probably existed in the past, List of rivers by length - Nile, List of rivers by length - Amazon-Congo

Read more here: » List of rivers by length: Encyclopedia II - List of rivers by length - Longest rivers that have probably existed in the past