Tao-Klarjeti

Tao-Klarjeti - Early history. The history of the region goes back to 3000 BC, i.e. the Bronze Age. In the 1st millennium BC, the area, inhabited by various proto-Georgian tribes, was controlled by the kingdoms of Diaokhi and Colchis. Pharnavaz I, the first ruler of the ancient Georgian state of Iberia (Kartli) included these lands into his kingdom in ca 302 BC. Contested between Iberia and Armenia throughout the following centuries, the region was invaded and completely destroyed by the Arabs in the 7th century. Tao-Klarjeti - Tao-Kl ...

See also:

Tao-Klarjeti, Tao-Klarjeti - History, Tao-Klarjeti - Early history, Tao-Klarjeti - Tao-Klarjeti in the 9th-11th centuries, Tao-Klarjeti - Later history, Tao-Klarjeti - Architecture, Tao-Klarjeti - Bagratid Rulers of Tao-Klarjeti, Tao-Klarjeti - Kartli-line of the Iberian Bagratids, Tao-Klarjeti - Tao-line of the Iberian Bagratids, Tao-Klarjeti - Second House of Tao, Tao-Klarjeti - Klarjeti-line of the Iberian Bagratids, Tao-Klarjeti - Sources

Read more here: » Tao-Klarjeti: Encyclopedia II - Tao-Klarjeti - History

The culture of Georgia has evolved over the country's long history, providing it with a unique national culture and a strong literary tradition based on the Georgian language and alphabet. This has provided a strong sense of national identity that has helped to preserve Georgian distinctiveness despite repeated periods of foreign occupation and attempted assimilation. Culture of Georgia - Culture of old Georgia. The Georgian alphabet was invented in the 5th century BC and reformed by King Parnavaz I of Iber ...

Including:

• Culture of Georgia - Culture of old Georgia
• Culture of Georgia - Ecclesiastical art
• Culture of Georgia - Ecclesiastical monuments
• Culture of Georgia - Literary and other written works
• Culture of Georgia - Culture of modern Georgia
• Culture of Georgia - Famous Georgian cultural figures XX-XXI centuries:
• Culture of Georgia - Actors
• Culture of Georgia - Ballet dancers
• Culture of Georgia - Composers
• Culture of Georgia - Folk Musicians
• Culture of Georgia - Filmmakers
• Culture of Georgia - Opera singers
• Culture of Georgia - Painters
• Culture of Georgia - Pianists
• Culture of Georgia - Poets
• Culture of Georgia - Sculptors
• Culture of Georgia - Theatre producers
• Culture of Georgia - Writers
• Culture of Georgia - Links

Read more here: » Culture of Georgia: Encyclopedia - Culture of Georgia

Diaokhi emerged as an union of proto-Georgian tribes to counter Assyrian attacks to the north at the end of the second millennium BC. An anti-Assyrian confederation led by Diaokhi included the lands of Hushane, Didine, Biane, Ultuza, Sheriaze, Ashqalashi, Haldiriulhe and Baltulhe. The country was ruled by a king who had the city of Zua as a capital. Pute and Utuha were other major cities. In 1112 BC, Diaokhi led a powerful coalition of the peoples of the Southwestern Caucasus and Upper Mesopotamia against Assyria. However, the ...

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Diaokhi, Diaokhi - History, Diaokhi - Rulers

Read more here: » Diaokhi: Encyclopedia II - Diaokhi - History

The first ruler of Kartli as an Erismtavari (Grand Duke) of Kartli from the Georgian Bagrationi family was Guaram (Gurgen) I Kurapalate (575-590). The first King from this famili and founder of the Bagrationi Royal Dynasty of Georgia was a descendant of Guaram I Erismtavari Ashot I the Great (in 780-809 Erismtavari of Kartli, in 809-826 King of Tao-Klarjeti). In 888, Adarnase II (888-923) revived the monarchy of Iberia and assumed the title King of the Georgians. Through marriage, inheritance, and conquest, his ...

See also:

Bagrationi, Bagrationi - Early history, Bagrationi - Bagratids in Armenia, Bagrationi - Bagrationis of Georgia, Bagrationi - Legacy

Read more here: » Bagrationi: Encyclopedia II - Bagrationi - Bagrationis of Georgia

Despite his age, he was actively involved in Georgia’s political life. David IV pursued a purposeful policy, taking no unconsidered step. He was determined to bring order to the land, bridle the unsubmissive secular and ecclesiastic feudal lords, centralize the state administration, form a new type of army that would stand up better to the Seljuk Turkish military organization, and then go over to a methodical offensive with the aim of expelling the Seljuks first ...

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David IV of Georgia, David IV of Georgia - Early life, David IV of Georgia - Reforms, David IV of Georgia - Military campaigns, David IV of Georgia - Cultural life, David IV of Georgia - Marriages, David IV of Georgia - Children, David IV of Georgia - Title, David IV of Georgia - Legacy, David IV of Georgia - Notes

Read more here: » David IV of Georgia: Encyclopedia II - David IV of Georgia - Reforms

The Georgian alphabet was invented in the 5th century BC and reformed by King Parnavaz I of Iberia in 284 BC. Georgia's medieval culture was greatly influenced by Orthodox Christianity and the Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church, which promoted and often sponsored the creation of many works of religious devotion. These included churches and monasteries, works of art such as icons, and hagiographies of Georgian saints. As well as this, many secular works of national history, mythology and hagiograpy were also written. < ...

See also:

Culture of Georgia, Culture of Georgia - Culture of old Georgia, Culture of Georgia - Ecclesiastical art, Culture of Georgia - Ecclesiastical monuments, Culture of Georgia - Literary and other written works, Culture of Georgia - Culture of modern Georgia, Culture of Georgia - Famous Georgian cultural figures XX-XXI centuries:, Culture of Georgia - Actors, Culture of Georgia - Ballet dancers, Culture of Georgia - Composers, Culture of Georgia - Folk Musicians, Culture of Georgia - Filmmakers, Culture of Georgia - Opera singers, Culture of Georgia - Painters, Culture of Georgia - Pianists, Culture of Georgia - Poets, Culture of Georgia - Sculptors, Culture of Georgia - Theatre producers, Culture of Georgia - Writers, Culture of Georgia - Links

Read more here: » Culture of Georgia: Encyclopedia II - Culture of Georgia - Culture of old Georgia

The Apostle Andrew the First-called went to preach in Georgia with the Holy Mother's Uncreated Icon (an icon of the Virgin Mary that tradition holds was not made by human hands). Affection for the Theotokos runs very deep in Georgian Orthodox consciousness. Georgian Orthodox tradition holds that Georgia is a country alloted to Mary, the mother of Jesus and that she is the main protector and intercessor, thereof. Together with Saint Andrew, the Gospel was preached in Western Georgia by the Holy Apostle Simon the Canaanite who was then buried ...

See also:

Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church, Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church - Christianity in Ancient and Feudal Georgia, Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church - The Georgian Orthodox Church in modern times, Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church - Catholicos-Patriarchs of Georgia 1917 to present, Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church - Links and Resources

Read more here: » Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church: Encyclopedia II - Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church - Christianity in Ancient and Feudal Georgia

The region was settled early by a neolithic culture. In the 1970s, archaeological excavations revealed a number of ancient settlements that included houses with galleries, carbon-dated to the 5th millennium BC in the Imiris-gora region of (Eastern Georgia). These dwellings were circular or oval in plan, a characteristic feature being the central pier and chimney. These features were used and further ...

See also:

History of Georgia country, History of Georgia country - Ancient and medieval Georgia, History of Georgia country - Georgia under the Russian Empire 1801 - 1918, History of Georgia country - The Democratic Republic of Georgia 1918 - 1921, History of Georgia country - Georgia under the Soviet Union 1921 - 1990, History of Georgia country - Post-communist Georgia 1990 - 2003, History of Georgia country - Georgia after Shevardnadze

Read more here: » History of Georgia country: Encyclopedia II - History of Georgia country - Ancient and medieval Georgia

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List of Georgia-related topics, List of Georgia-related topics - 0-9, List of Georgia-related topics - A, List of Georgia-related topics - B, List of Georgia-related topics - C, List of Georgia-related topics - D, List of Georgia-related topics - E, List of Georgia-related topics - F, List of Georgia-related topics - G, List of Georgia-related topics - H, List of Georgia-related topics - I, List of Georgia-related topics - J, List of Georgia-related topics - K, List of Georgia-related topics - L, List of Georgia-related topics - M, List of Georgia-related topics - N, List of Georgia-related topics - O, List of Georgia-related topics - P, List of Georgia-related topics - Q, List of Georgia-related topics - R, List of Georgia-related topics - S, List of Georgia-related topics - T, List of Georgia-related topics - U, List of Georgia-related topics - V, List of Georgia-related topics - Z

Read more here: » List of Georgia-related topics: Encyclopedia II - List of Georgia-related topics - 0-9

• Sien (ca 1120 BC-1100 BC) • Asya (ca 850 BC-825 BC) • Utupurshi (ca 810 BC-770 BC) ...

See also:

Diaokhi, Diaokhi - History, Diaokhi - Rulers

Read more here: » Diaokhi: Encyclopedia II - Diaokhi - Rulers

Georgia was forcibly incorporated into a Transcaucasian Federative Soviet Socialist Republic (TFSSR) comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. The Soviet Government forced Georgia to cede several historical Georgian provinces to Turkey (province of Tao-Klarjeti), Azerbaijan (province of Hereti/Saingilo), Armenia (Lore region) and Russia (part of the Black Sea seacost). Soviet rule was harsh: about 50,000 people were executed and killed in 1921-1924, more than 150,000 were purged under Stalin and his secret police chief, the Georgian Lavrenty Beria in 1935-1938, 1942 and 1945-1951. In ...

See also:

History of Georgia country, History of Georgia country - Ancient and medieval Georgia, History of Georgia country - Georgia under the Russian Empire 1801 - 1918, History of Georgia country - The Democratic Republic of Georgia 1918 - 1921, History of Georgia country - Georgia under the Soviet Union 1921 - 1990, History of Georgia country - Post-communist Georgia 1990 - 2003, History of Georgia country - Georgia after Shevardnadze

Read more here: » History of Georgia country: Encyclopedia II - History of Georgia country - Georgia under the Soviet Union 1921 - 1990

A powerful coalition of reformists headed by Mikhail Saakashvili, Nino Burjanadze and Zurab Zhvania united to oppose Shevardnadze's government in the November 2, 2003 parliamentary elections. The elections were widely regarded as being blatantly rigged; in response, the opposition organised massive demonstrations in the streets of Tbilisi. After two tense weeks, Shevardnadze resigned on November ...

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History of Georgia country, History of Georgia country - Ancient and medieval Georgia, History of Georgia country - Georgia under the Russian Empire 1801 - 1918, History of Georgia country - The Democratic Republic of Georgia 1918 - 1921, History of Georgia country - Georgia under the Soviet Union 1921 - 1990, History of Georgia country - Post-communist Georgia 1990 - 2003, History of Georgia country - Georgia after Shevardnadze

Read more here: » History of Georgia country: Encyclopedia II - History of Georgia country - Georgia after Shevardnadze

Opposition pressure on the communist government was manifested in popular demonstrations and strikes, which ultimately resulted in an open, multiparty and democratic parliamentary election being held on October 28, 1990. They were won by the "Round Table" coalition headed by the leading dissident Zviad Gamsakhurdia, who became the head of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia. On March 31, 1991 Gamsakhurdia wasted no time in organising a referendum on independence, which was approved by 98.9% of the votes. Formal independence from t ...

See also:

History of Georgia country, History of Georgia country - Ancient and medieval Georgia, History of Georgia country - Georgia under the Russian Empire 1801 - 1918, History of Georgia country - The Democratic Republic of Georgia 1918 - 1921, History of Georgia country - Georgia under the Soviet Union 1921 - 1990, History of Georgia country - Post-communist Georgia 1990 - 2003, History of Georgia country - Georgia after Shevardnadze

Read more here: » History of Georgia country: Encyclopedia II - History of Georgia country - Post-communist Georgia 1990 - 2003

The Russian Revolution of October 1917 plunged Russia into a bloody civil war during which several outlying Russian territories declared independence. Georgia was one of them, proclaiming the establishment of the independent Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG) on May 26, 1918. The new country was ruled by the Menshevik faction of the Social Democratic Party, which established a multi-party system in sharp contrast with the "dictatorship of the proletariat" established by the Bolsheviks in Russia. It was rec ...

See also:

History of Georgia country, History of Georgia country - Ancient and medieval Georgia, History of Georgia country - Georgia under the Russian Empire 1801 - 1918, History of Georgia country - The Democratic Republic of Georgia 1918 - 1921, History of Georgia country - Georgia under the Soviet Union 1921 - 1990, History of Georgia country - Post-communist Georgia 1990 - 2003, History of Georgia country - Georgia after Shevardnadze

Read more here: » History of Georgia country: Encyclopedia II - History of Georgia country - The Democratic Republic of Georgia 1918 - 1921

In 1801, the Russian Tsar Alexander I exiled the royal family of Kartl-Kakheti. It was fully absorbed into the Russian Empire by 1804. In the summer 1805 Russian troups on the river Askerani and near Zagam defeated the Persian army and protected Tbilisi. From 1803 to 1878, as a result of numerous Russian wars against Turkey and Iran, several formerly Georgian territories were annexed to the Russian Empire. These areas (Batumi, Artvi ...

See also:

History of Georgia country, History of Georgia country - Ancient and medieval Georgia, History of Georgia country - Georgia under the Russian Empire 1801 - 1918, History of Georgia country - The Democratic Republic of Georgia 1918 - 1921, History of Georgia country - Georgia under the Soviet Union 1921 - 1990, History of Georgia country - Post-communist Georgia 1990 - 2003, History of Georgia country - Georgia after Shevardnadze

Read more here: » History of Georgia country: Encyclopedia II - History of Georgia country - Georgia under the Russian Empire 1801 - 1918

Following the annexation of Kakheti, in 1105, David routed a Seljuk punitive force at the Battle of Ertzukhi, leading to momentum that helped him to secure the key fortresses of Samshvilde, Rustavi, Gishi, and Lorri between 1110 and 1118. Problems began to crop up for David now, his population, having been at war for the better part of twenty years needed to be allowed to become productive again. As well, his nobles were still making problems for him, along with the city of Tbilisi which still could not be liberated from Arab grasp. A ...

See also:

David IV of Georgia, David IV of Georgia - Early life, David IV of Georgia - Reforms, David IV of Georgia - Military campaigns, David IV of Georgia - Cultural life, David IV of Georgia - Marriages, David IV of Georgia - Children, David IV of Georgia - Title, David IV of Georgia - Legacy, David IV of Georgia - Notes

Read more here: » David IV of Georgia: Encyclopedia II - David IV of Georgia - Military campaigns

Following the overthrow of the Tsar Nicholas II in March 1917, Georgia's bishops unilaterally restored the autocephaly of the Georgian Orthodox Church. These changes were not accepted by the Russian Orthodox Church or by the invading Soviets in 1921, who subjected the Georgian Orthodox Church to intense harassment. Hundreds of churches were closed by the government and hundreds of monks were killed during Stalin's purges. The independence of the Georgian Orthodox Church was finally recognised by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1943, but it was still subjected ...

See also:

Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church, Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church - Christianity in Ancient and Feudal Georgia, Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church - The Georgian Orthodox Church in modern times, Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church - Catholicos-Patriarchs of Georgia 1917 to present, Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church - Links and Resources

Read more here: » Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church: Encyclopedia II - Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church - The Georgian Orthodox Church in modern times

Culture of Georgia - Actors. David (Dodo) Abashidze Veriko Anjaparidze Spartak Bagashvili Givi Berikashvili Ushangi Chkheidze Ramaz Chkhikvadze Giorgi Gegechkori Iza Gigoshvili Vaso Godziashvili Kakhi Kavsadze Akaki Khorava Zurab Kipshidze Zina Kverenchkhiladze Avtandil Makharadze Erosi Manjgaladze Merab Ninidze Giorgi Sagaradze Guram Sagaradze Kar ...

See also:

Culture of Georgia, Culture of Georgia - Culture of old Georgia, Culture of Georgia - Ecclesiastical art, Culture of Georgia - Ecclesiastical monuments, Culture of Georgia - Literary and other written works, Culture of Georgia - Culture of modern Georgia, Culture of Georgia - Famous Georgian cultural figures XX-XXI centuries:, Culture of Georgia - Actors, Culture of Georgia - Ballet dancers, Culture of Georgia - Composers, Culture of Georgia - Folk Musicians, Culture of Georgia - Filmmakers, Culture of Georgia - Opera singers, Culture of Georgia - Painters, Culture of Georgia - Pianists, Culture of Georgia - Poets, Culture of Georgia - Sculptors, Culture of Georgia - Theatre producers, Culture of Georgia - Writers, Culture of Georgia - Links

Read more here: » Culture of Georgia: Encyclopedia II - Culture of Georgia - Famous Georgian cultural figures XX-XXI centuries:

During the modern period, from about the 17th century onwards, Georgian culture has been greatly influenced by cultural innovations imported from elsewhere in Europe. The first Georgian-language printing house was established in the 1620s in Italy and the first one in Georgia itself was founded in 1709 in Tbilisi. Georgian theatre has a long history; its oldest national form was the "Sakhioba" (extant from the 3rd century BC to the 17th century AD). The Georgian National Theatre was founded in 1791 in Tbilisi, by the writer, dr ...

See also:

Culture of Georgia, Culture of Georgia - Culture of old Georgia, Culture of Georgia - Ecclesiastical art, Culture of Georgia - Ecclesiastical monuments, Culture of Georgia - Literary and other written works, Culture of Georgia - Culture of modern Georgia, Culture of Georgia - Famous Georgian cultural figures XX-XXI centuries:, Culture of Georgia - Actors, Culture of Georgia - Ballet dancers, Culture of Georgia - Composers, Culture of Georgia - Folk Musicians, Culture of Georgia - Filmmakers, Culture of Georgia - Opera singers, Culture of Georgia - Painters, Culture of Georgia - Pianists, Culture of Georgia - Poets, Culture of Georgia - Sculptors, Culture of Georgia - Theatre producers, Culture of Georgia - Writers, Culture of Georgia - Links

Read more here: » Culture of Georgia: Encyclopedia II - Culture of Georgia - Culture of modern Georgia

David the Builder’s epoch greatly influenced the national perception of the Georgians. They are still proud of David’s victories and dream of his glorious reign. The nation’s current flag is based on David’s standard. The Order of David the Builder is one of the most prestigious decorations awarded by Georgia. After being elected President of Georgia, Georgia’s current leader Mikheil Saakashvili took an oath at David the Builder’s tomb at Gelati Monastery on the day of his inauguration on January 25, 2004. Mikheil S ...

See also:

David IV of Georgia, David IV of Georgia - Early life, David IV of Georgia - Reforms, David IV of Georgia - Military campaigns, David IV of Georgia - Cultural life, David IV of Georgia - Marriages, David IV of Georgia - Children, David IV of Georgia - Title, David IV of Georgia - Legacy, David IV of Georgia - Notes

Read more here: » David IV of Georgia: Encyclopedia II - David IV of Georgia - Legacy