Shivaji Bhonsle, also known as Chhatrapati Shri Shivaji Maharaj (Marathi शिवाजीराजे भोसले)(February 19, 1630 - April 3, 1680) was the founder of the Maratha empire in western India in 1674 and one of the greatest Indian Kings. Using guerrilla tactics superbly suited to the rugged mountains and valleys of the region, he annexed a portion of the then dominant Mughal empire. He is still considered a hero in the present-day state of Maharashtra, and stories of his exploits have entered in ...

Including:

• Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji
• Shivaji - Early life
• Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates
• Shivaji - Afzal Khan
• Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar
• Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls
• Shivaji - Shahista Khan
• Shivaji - Surat
• Shivaji - Raja Jai Singh
• Shivaji - Trip To Agra and Escape
• Shivaji - Coronation
• Shivaji - Shivaji's rule
• Shivaji - Shivaji's forts
• Shivaji - Shivaji and Sanskrit
• Shivaji - Shivaji and Religion
• Shivaji - The Epilogue
• Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji
• Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji

Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia - Shivaji

In 1646, when Shivaji was 16, he carried out his first military action by capturing Torna fort, in Bijapur territory. By 1647, he had captured Kondana and Rajgad forts and had complete control of the Pune region. And by 1659 Shivaji had captured some forts in the Western Ghats and along the Konkan coast. In an effort to put down ,what was seen by Bijapur as an revolt, Afzal Khan, Bijapur's finest general, was sent ...

See also:

Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji

Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates

The Marathas have contributed a glorious chapter to the history of India. They first came into historical prominence under the leadership of Chhatrapati Shivaji in the 17th century. Shivaji Maharaj, born into the Bhonsle clan of marathas, secured an independent state by dint of lifelong struggle and thereby founded an empire, the remnants of which lasted until the independence of India in 1947. The state thus founded by Chhatrapati Shivaji attained its zenith under the tutelage of the Peshwas in the 18th century, extending from the Indus in ...

See also:

Maratha, Maratha - Etymology, Maratha - Historical prominence, Maratha - Maratha States, Maratha - Communities and clans, Maratha - Maratha clans, Maratha - Notable Marathas, Maratha - Prominent maratha dynasties

Read more here: » Maratha: Encyclopedia II - Maratha - Historical prominence

Shivaji carried out his first military action by capturing Bijapur Kingdom's Torna fort at the age of 16 in 1646. By 1647 he had captured Kondana and Rajgad forts and now had complete control of the Pune region. And by 1659 Shivaji had captured some forts in the Western Ghats and along the Konkan coast. In an effort to put down what was seen by Bijapur as an revolt, Afzal Khan, Bijapur's finest general was sent ...

See also:

Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Raja Jai Singh, Shivaji - Trip To Agra and Escape, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - Shivaji and Sanskrit, Shivaji - Shivaji and Religion, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji

Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates

The Marathas have contributed a glorious chapter to the history of India. They first came into historical prominence under the leadership of Chhatrapati Shivaji in the 17th century. Shivaji Maharaj, born into the Bhonsle clan of marathas, secured an independent state by dint of lifelong struggle and thereby founded an empire, the remnants of which lasted until the independence of India in 1947. The state thus founded by Chhatrapati Shivaji attained its zenith under the tutelage of the Peshwas in the 18th century, extending from the Indus in ...

See also:

Maratha, Maratha - Etymology, Maratha - Origins, Maratha - Historical prominence, Maratha - Maratha States, Maratha - Communities and clans, Maratha - Maratha clans, Maratha - Notable Marathas, Maratha - Prominent maratha dynasties

Read more here: » Maratha: Encyclopedia II - Maratha - Historical prominence

Because of his struggle against an imperial power, Shivaji became an icon of freedom fighters (along with the Rani of Jhansi) in the Indian independence struggle that followed two centuries later. He is remembered as a just and wise king and his rule is called one of the six golden pages in Indian history. A political party, the Shiv Sena, claims to draw inspiration from him. School texts in Maharashtra glorify his period. And in recent years organisations such as the Sambhaji Brigade have adopted a new religion known as Shiv D ...

See also:

Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji

Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji

Shivajiraje was born in 1630, in the Shivneri Fort, 60 km north of Pune. His father, Shahaji raje, was a jagirdar of the sultan of Bijapur in present-day Karnataka. His mother was Jijabai, the daughter of Lakhuji Jadhav from Sindkhedraja in present-day Buldhana district of Maharashtra, one of the most influential amongst the Yadav (respected kshatreeya) rulers. When the Mughals and Adilshah completed their conquest of the Nizamshahi kingdom of Ahmednagar in 1636, Shahaji was forced to leave the region around Pune. He was inducted by A ...

See also:

Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji

Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Early life

Shivaji was born in 1630, in the Shivneri Fort which is 60 km north of Pune. His father, Shahaji, was a jagirdar of Adilshah who was the sultan of Bijapur in present-day Karnataka. His mother, Jijabai was the daughter of Lakhuji Jadhav who was one of the most influential amongst the Yadav (Kshatriya) rulers. When the Mughals and Adilshah completed their conquest of the Nizamshahi kingdom of Ahmednagar in 1636, Shahaji was forced to leave the region around Pune. He was inducted by Adilshah and offered a distant jagir near present-day B ...

See also:

Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Raja Jai Singh, Shivaji - Trip To Agra and Escape, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - Shivaji and Sanskrit, Shivaji - Shivaji and Religion, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji

Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Early life

Shivaji ,rather entire stream of Maratha kings and chieftains professed true secularism. Shahaji had donated a huge peace of land to Shaha-Sharif Durga of Ahmednagar. Shivaji generally did not give land to any particular person except on a rare occasion. Shivaji had one-third Muslim soldiers in his army,specially in navy. Shivaji's most trusted general in all his military campaigns was Haider Ali Kohari, a Muslim. The first thing Shivaji did after a conquest was to promulgate protection of mosques and Muslim tombs. However, he respected all ...

See also:

Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Raja Jai Singh, Shivaji - Trip To Agra and Escape, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - Shivaji and Sanskrit, Shivaji - Shivaji and Religion, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji

Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Shivaji and Religion

Several theories have been proposed by various scholars for the etymology of the words "Maratha" and "Marathi". One theory holds that a reference to a clan known as "Rāshtrika" in some of Ashoka's inscriptions alludes to a people of the deccan who were progenitors of the marathi-speaking (and maratha) people; that the later "Mahārāshtri" Prakrit, a dialect of Sanskrit, is associated with these people; and that the word "Marāthi" is a derivation of the word "Mahārāshtri". This theory does not address the deeper root of the word "Rāshtr ...

See also:

Maratha, Maratha - Etymology, Maratha - Origins, Maratha - Historical prominence, Maratha - Maratha States, Maratha - Communities and clans, Maratha - Maratha clans, Maratha - Notable Marathas, Maratha - Prominent maratha dynasties

Read more here: » Maratha: Encyclopedia II - Maratha - Etymology

As mentioned above, the term "Maratha" refers exclusively to a certain group of marathi-speaking castes and clans. While most ruling chiefs and warriors of the maratha empire belonged to this social group, certain other marathi-speaking communities essayed important roles in the affairs of that empire. Certain brahmin families were prominent among these, including: The Peshwas, who held de facto power during the heyday of the empire, under the nominal authority of the maratha Chhatrapatis; The ruler ...

See also:

Maratha, Maratha - Etymology, Maratha - Origins, Maratha - Historical prominence, Maratha - Maratha States, Maratha - Communities and clans, Maratha - Maratha clans, Maratha - Notable Marathas, Maratha - Prominent maratha dynasties

Read more here: » Maratha: Encyclopedia II - Maratha - Communities and clans

After his coronation, Shivaji launched a wave of conquests in southern India with a massive force of 50,000 (30,000 cavalry & 20,000 infantry). He defeated and captured the forts at Vellore and Jinji in modern day Tamilnadu. He also signed a friendship treaty with the Kutubshah of Golconda. Shivaji died in 1680 at Raigad, after running a fever for three weeks. Shivaji successfully fought the Mughals to create a powerful independent state. During his early career he was only able to defeat small Mughal contingents stationed in villages. Later on he defeated major Mughal armies ...

See also:

Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji

Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Shivaji's rule

As mentioned above, the term "Maratha" refers exclusively to a certain group of marathi-speaking castes and clans. While most ruling chiefs and warriors of the maratha empire belonged to this social group, certain other marathi-speaking communities essayed important roles in the affairs of that empire. Certain brahmin families were prominent among these, including: The Peshwas, who held de facto power during the heyday of the empire, under the nominal authority of the maratha Chhatrapatis; The ruler ...

See also:

Maratha, Maratha - Etymology, Maratha - Historical prominence, Maratha - Maratha States, Maratha - Communities and clans, Maratha - Maratha clans, Maratha - Notable Marathas, Maratha - Prominent maratha dynasties

Read more here: » Maratha: Encyclopedia II - Maratha - Communities and clans

Several theories have been proposed by various scholars for the etymology of the words "Maratha" and "Marathi". One theory holds that a reference to a clan known as "Rāshtrika" in some of Ashoka's inscriptions alludes to a people of the deccan who were progenitors of the marathi-speaking (and maratha) people; that the later "Mahārāshtri" Prakrit, a dialect of Sanskrit, is associated with these people; and that the word "Marāthi" is a derivation of the word "Mahārāshtri". This theory does not address the deeper root of the word "Rāshtr ...

See also:

Maratha, Maratha - Etymology, Maratha - Historical prominence, Maratha - Maratha States, Maratha - Communities and clans, Maratha - Maratha clans, Maratha - Notable Marathas, Maratha - Prominent maratha dynasties

Read more here: » Maratha: Encyclopedia II - Maratha - Etymology

A thread ceremony (Upanayanam) took place on May 29, 1674, and then a Vratya Stoma ceremony was performed. Shivaji was formally crowned Chatrapati ("Holder of the Umbrella", representing the protection he bestowed on his people) on June 6, 1674 at the Raigad fort, and given the title, Kshatriya Kulavantas Simhasanadheeshwar Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Pandit Gaga Bhatt, renowned as Vedonarayana (Greatest exponent of Vedic discourse) Brahmin from Varanasi, officially presided over the ceremony and traced Sh ...

See also:

Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji

Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Coronation

The Mughals had defeated Shahaji and annexed territories which Shivaji now wanted to recover. He frequently raided the Mughal territory to the north of his small kingdom, carrying out guerilla attacks against an empire at the height of its power. Shivaji - Shahista Khan. Shahista Khan, Aurangzeb's maternal uncle, seized Pune and the fort of Chakan. His vast army was more than a match for Shivaji's troops and he was an experienced commander, who had defeated Shahaji in this region in 1636. But though he held Pune for almost a year, he had little further success and his t ...

See also:

Shivaji, Shivaji - The political scene before Shivaji, Shivaji - Early life, Shivaji - Confrontation with the local Sultanates, Shivaji - Afzal Khan, Shivaji - Siddi Jauhar, Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls, Shivaji - Shahista Khan, Shivaji - Surat, Shivaji - Coronation, Shivaji - Shivaji's rule, Shivaji - Shivaji's forts, Shivaji - The Epilogue, Shivaji - Remembering Shivaji, Shivaji - Associates of Shivaji

Read more here: » Shivaji: Encyclopedia II - Shivaji - Clash with the Moghuls

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