Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia - Talmud
The Talmud (תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions on Jewish law, Jewish ethics, customs, legends and stories, which Jewish trad...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - Translations
Talmud - Translations of Talmud Bavli. There are four contemporary translations of the Talmud into English: The Soncino Hebrew-English...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - External Attacks On The Talmud
The history of the Talmud reflects in part the history of Judaism persisting in a world of hostility and persecution. Almost at the very ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Samael: Encyclopedia - Samael
Samael is an important figure in Talmudic and post-Talmudic lore, a figure who is accuser, seducer, and destroyer. Legends mentioning Sat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Artscroll: Encyclopedia - Artscroll
ArtScroll is an imprint of translations, books and commentaries from an Orthodox Jewish perspective published by Mesorah Publications, Lt...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yisrael Lipkin Salanter: Encyclopedia - Yisrael Lipkin Salanter
Rabbi Yisrael ben Zev Wolf Lipkin (1810-1883) was the father of the Mussar movement in Orthodox Judaism. The epithet Salanter was added t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lilith: Encyclopedia - Lilith
Lilith is a female Mesopotamian night demon believed to harm male children. In Isaiah 34:14, Lilith is a kind of night-demon or animal, t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adin Steinsaltz: Encyclopedia - Adin Steinsaltz
Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz or Even Yisrael (born 1937) is a teacher, philosopher, social critic and prolific author who has been hailed by Tim...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rashi: Encyclopedia - Rashi
Rashi רש"י, an acronym for Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac or Shlomo Yitzchaki, (February 22, 1040 – July 17, 1105) is one of Judaism's clas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Exegesis: Encyclopedia - Exegesis
This article discusses textual hermeneutics. For the British est offshoot, see Exegesis (group) Exegesis (from the Greek ἐξηγεῖσ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tosefta: Encyclopedia - Tosefta
The Tosefta is a second compilation of oral law from the period of the Mishnah. In many ways, the Tosefta acts as a supplement to the Mis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Targum: Encyclopedia - Targum
A targum (plural: targumim) is an Aramaic translation of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) written or compiled in the Land of Israel or in Babylo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aggadah: Encyclopedia - Aggadah
Aggadah ( Aramaic אגדה: tales, lore; pl. Aggadot ) refers to the homiletic and non-legalistic texts in classical rabbinic literature ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ascension Of Isaiah: Encyclopedia - Ascension Of Isaiah
The Ascension of Isaiah is an apocryphal pseudepigraphal book dating from the 2nd century and compiled by an unknown Christian scholar. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yinglish: Encyclopedia - Yinglish
The term Yinglish describes the distinctive way certain Orthodox Jews in English-speaking countries, principally America, but also the Un...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Septuagint: Encyclopedia - Septuagint
The Septuagint (LXX) is the name commonly given in the West to the Koine Greek Alexandrine text of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh/Old Testament...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Abraham Ben David: Encyclopedia - Abraham Ben David
Abraham ben David was a Jewish, French commentator on the Talmud. He was born in Provence, France, about 1125 CE; died at Posquières, 27...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tzitzit: Encyclopedia - Tzitzit
Tzitzit (Ashkenazi pronunciation: tzitzis) are fringes or tassles (Hebrew: ציצת (Biblical), ציצית (Mishnaic)) found on a tallit ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Melchizedek: Encyclopedia - Melchizedek
This article is about the biblical figure. Alternatively, you may be looking for the article on Melchisédech Thévenot (ca. 1620-1692) M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yeshu: Encyclopedia - Yeshu
Yeshu (ישו in Hebrew) and slight variations such as Jeshu (Bible English transliteration) or Yeishu (Yiddish pronunciation), is the na...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Talmudic Period
Among the names in the Talmud there is a considerable proportion of Greek ones. A large number also are Aramaic, ending in a or ai: Abba,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud Torah: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud Torah - In America
In America the Machzikei Talmud Torah in New York was organized in 1883 by Israel (Isidor) Rosenthal. It maintains schools on its own pre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Post-talmudic Period
As the Jews spread throughout the lands bordering the Mediterranean they drew upon other languages for their personal names while still r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - New Surnames & Others
Onomastics on Judaism and Jewish history - Germanised or German surnames. ... See also:Onomastics on Judaism and Jewish history, Onom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Mizrahi Surnames
http://www.hardoon.net/ ... See also:Onomastics on Judaism and Jewish history, Onomastics on Judaism and Jewish history - Significance...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - In Spain France And England
The use of surnames thus became common among the Arabic-speaking Jews, who naturally carried the custom into Spain. Among Spanish Jews ar...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Artscroll: Encyclopedia Ii - Artscroll - Primary Publications
ArtScroll publishes books on a variety of Jewish subjects. The best known is probably an annotated Hebrew-English siddur ("prayerbook") (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Pen-names
Finally, it may perhaps be desirable to refer to the frequent practise among Jewish authors of adopting pen-names. It was, indeed, custom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Names From Judaism
Reznik Resnick, Reznikoff (cz.řezník, russ.резник = shochet, fleyshman, a slaughter (Fleischmann, Fleischman, Fleischer, Fleis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Old Eastern Pedigrees
from "Costume" portion at the Jewish Encyclopedia The names of the most prominent Jewish families of Prague are: Eger, Bondi, G...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Significance
It is probable that, as among other primitive races, a certain magical importance was attributed to the name (comp. Frazer, "Golden Bough...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Compound Names
A distinctive characteristic of Bible onomatology is the frequency of composite names, which form at times even complete sentences, as in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Titular Abbreviations
It was during the Middle Ages that the somewhat curious custom arose of combining the abbreviation of a title with the initials of a name...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Surnames
As has been seen, surnames were not unknown among the Jews of the Middle Ages, and as Jews began to mingle more with their fellow citizen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Local Names
Germany, of course, has contributed the largest number. Besides such well-known cities as Posen (hence Posner), Berlin (hence Berliner an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Official Names And Nicknames
Turning to the next great source from which have been derived the surnames used in ordinary nomenclature—trades and occupations—such ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Local Names
Germany, of course, has contributed the largest number. Besides such well-known cities as Posen (hence Posner), Berlin (hence Berliner an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Names From Judaism
Reznik Resnick, Reznikoff (cz.řezník, russ.резник = shochet, fleyshman, a slaughter (Fleischmann, Fleischman, Fleischer, Fleis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Significance
It is probable that, as among other ancient societies, a certain magical importance was attributed to the name (comp. Frazer, "Golden Bou...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Onomastics On Judaism And Jewish History - Surnames
As has been seen, surnames were not unknown among the Jews of the Middle Ages, and as Jews began to mingle more with their fellow citizen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Septuagint: Encyclopedia Ii - Septuagint - Use Of The Septuagint
Septuagint - Jewish use. Jewish attitudes toward translations of their scriptures developed with time. By the 2nd century BC, it was of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yeshu: Encyclopedia Ii - Yeshu - Primary References To Yeshu
In 1554 the Vatican issued a papal bull censoring the Talmud and other Jewish texts, resulting in the removal of references to Yeshu. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rashi: Encyclopedia Ii - Rashi - Works
Besides minor works, such as an edition of the Siddur (Prayer-Book), Rashi wrote two great commentaries on which his fame rests. These we...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Billy Meier: Encyclopedia Ii - Billy Meier - Related Reading
Talmud of Jmmanuel: The Clear Translation in English and German (Isa Rashid, Eduard Meier, J. H. Ziegler & B. L. Greene): ISBN 0926...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Shavuot: Encyclopedia Ii - Shavuot - In Rabbinical Literature
The festival is known in the Mishnah and Talmud as Atzeret. This term is usually translated a "solemn assembly," meaning the congregation...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mitzvah: Encyclopedia Ii - Mitzvah - Rabbinical Mitzvot
The biblical mitzvot are referred to in the Talmud as Mitzvot de oraita, translated as commandments of the law. In contradistinction to t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Artscroll: Encyclopedia Ii - Artscroll - Editorial Policy
Works published by Mesorah under this imprint adhere to a perspective appealing to most Orthodox Jews, but especially to Orthodox Jews wh...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bible: Encyclopedia Ii - Bible - The Introduction Of Chapters And Verses
; see Tanakh for the Jewish textual tradition. The Hebrew Masoretic text contains verse endings as an important feature. According to the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nephilim: Encyclopedia Ii - Nephilim - Other Hebrew Words Sometimes Interpreted As Giants
In the Hebrew Old Testament, there are a number of other words that , like "Nephilim", are sometimes translated as "giants": Emim, Rephai...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nephilim: Encyclopedia Ii - Nephilim - Other Hebrew Words Sometimes Interpreted As Giants
In the Hebrew Old Testament, there are a number of other words that, like "Nephilim", are sometimes translated as "giants": Emim, Rephaim...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Homosexuality And Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Homosexuality And Judaism - Homosexuality In The Torah
The Torah (Hebrew Bible) is the primary classical source for Jewish views on homosexuality. It states that: "[A man] shall not lie with a...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Eloah: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Eloah
'Eloah 'eloah (Hebrew) Goddess -- although because of masculine anthropomorphic predisposition, it has been commonly rendered god by E...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Biblical Astronomy: Encyclopedia Ii - Biblical Astronomy - In Post-talmudic Times
With the revival of Greek science which took place in Islam, Jews were intimately connected, and the Almagest is said to have been transl...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Idolatry In Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Idolatry In Judaism - Maimonides's View Of Idolatry
In his The Guide to the Perplexed, I:36, Maimonides holds that no one actually believed that idols are gods; he states that idol-worshipp...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Leadership: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Leadership - Modern Religious Leadership After 1800s
Jewish leadership - Decline of rabbinical influence. With the growth of the Renaissance and the development of the secular modern world...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lilith: Encyclopedia Ii - Lilith - Akkadian Mythology
Lilith - Kiskil-lilla. Lilith has been identified with ki-sikil-lil-la-ke4, a female demon in the Sumerian prologue to the Gilgamesh ep...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Gei' Hinnom: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Gei' Hinnom
Gei' Hinnom (Hebrew) Also Gai-hinnom. The valley of Hinnom, generally rendered as by the Greek Gehenna, situated south of Jerusalem, i...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Bible: Spiritual - Theosophy Dictionary On Bible
Bible The Judeo-Christian holy book. The Bible is neither the literal word of God translated into the various languages, nor a collect...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mishneh Torah: Encyclopedia Ii - Mishneh Torah - Influence
Mishneh Torah - Decisors. Thus the work of Maimonides, notwithstanding the sharp attacks upon it, soon won general recognition as an au...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mishneh Torah: Encyclopedia Ii - Mishneh Torah - Omissions
Maimonides did not surrender his independent judgment even when his views were in conflict with other authorities. It was impossible, in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emunoth Ve-deoth: Encyclopedia Ii - Emunoth Ve-deoth - Premise And Introduction
The work was mainly written as a defence of Rabbinic Judaism against the views of the Karaites, who rejected the oral law (Mishna and Tal...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Idolatry In Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Idolatry In Judaism - In The Hebrew Bible
The main article on idolatry discusses the subject of idolatry in the Hebrew Bible. The Ten Commandments prohibit belief in, or worship o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Idolatry In Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Idolatry In Judaism - In Classical Rabbinic Literature
The Talmud has a treatise on idolatry, Avodah Zarah, and discusses the subject elsewhere in many passages. A passage in the midrash liter...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Idolatry In Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Idolatry In Judaism - Modern Jewish Views
Some modern Jewish theologians, including Rabbi Joseph H. Hertz, have suggested that perhaps only the Israelites were forbidden to worshi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mishneh Torah: Encyclopedia Ii - Mishneh Torah - Opposition
Mishneh Torah - Critics and criticism. The Mishneh Torah was strongly opposed almost as soon as it appeared. Major sources of contentio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Mishneh Torah: Encyclopedia Ii - Mishneh Torah - Maimonides' Sources
Maimonides sought brevity and clarity in his Mishneh Torah and as in his Commentary on the Mishnah, he refrained from detailing his sourc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jerusalem Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Jerusalem Talmud - Comparison To Babylonian Talmud
Without the time and freedom given to the production of the Babylonian Talmud, the Jerusalem Talmud exhibits less coherence in its discus...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Artscroll: Encyclopedia Ii - Artscroll - Popular Acceptance
Mesorah Publications received widespread acclaim in response to their ArtScroll line of prayerbooks, starting with The Complete ArtScroll...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Onkelos: Encyclopedia Ii - Onkelos - Onkelos In The Talmud
Onkelos is mentioned several times in the Talmud. According to the traditional Jewish sources, he was a prominent Roman nobleman, a nephe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Artscroll: Encyclopedia Ii - Artscroll - Criticism
This line of books has come under extensive criticism from many scholars (both Orthodox and non-Orthodox) on a number of points: Midrash...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Targum: Encyclopedia Ii - Targum - The Two Official Targumim
The two most important targumim for liturgical purposes are: Targum Onkelos on the Torah (The Law) Targum Jonathan ben Uzziel on the Nev...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Italy: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Italy - Early Literature
Among the early Jews of Italy who left behind them traces of their literary activity was Shabbethai Donnolo (died 982). Two centuries lat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Saul Lieberman: Encyclopedia Ii - Saul Lieberman - Work
Combining vast erudition in all fields of talmudic and rabbinic literature with a penetrating knowledge of the classical world, Lieberman...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Septuagint: Encyclopedia Ii - Septuagint - Naming And Designation
The Septuagint derives its name (derived from Latin septuaginta, seventy, hence the abbreviation LXX) from a legendary account in the Let...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vilna Gaon: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilna Gaon - Works
Elijah was a voluminous author; and there is hardly an ancient Hebrew book of any importance to which he did not write a commentary, or a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Torah Database: Encyclopedia Ii - Torah Database - Page-image Software Packages
Torah database - Otzar HaHochma. This ambitious new project is based on page-images of close to 20,000 printed books (and even a few ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Balaam: Encyclopedia Ii - Balaam - Balaam In Rabbinic Literature
In rabbinic literature Balaam is represented as one of seven gentile prophets; the other six being Beor (Balaam's father), Job, and Balaa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Samson Raphael Hirsch: Encyclopedia Ii - Samson Raphael Hirsch - Works And Activism
Hirsch had an exceptionally powerful pen. An example is his opinion about a Jewish state (Hirsch Siddur, 1969 p703): During the reign of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Targum: Encyclopedia Ii - Targum - Other Targumim On The Torah
There are also a variety of western targumim on the Torah, each of which was traditionally called Targum Yerushalmi ("Jerusalem Targum")....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Yeshu: Encyclopedia Ii - Yeshu - Identification Of Yeshu With Jesus
Many Jews and Christians have traditionally assumed that the term Yeshu in the Talmud and Tosefta refers to Jesus. Since at least the 12t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bible: Encyclopedia Ii - Bible - Bible Versions And Translations
In scholarly writing, ancient translations are frequently referred to as "versions", with the term "translation" being reserved for medie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Translators: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Translators - Translators Into Languages Other Than English
Translators of "Harry Potter" books Jean Hyppolite - translated Hegel and popularized his work Antoine Galland - translated first Eu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gematria: Encyclopedia Ii - Gematria - Code
The basic translation code is as follows: Some Kabbalistic uses of gematria recognize differing values for the final forms and assign mu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Tosefta: Encyclopedia Ii - Tosefta - Non-orthodox Scholars
However, recent scholarship, especially by Professor Judith Hauptman reveals that the Tosefta draws on source material earlier than the l...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Masoretic Text: Encyclopedia Ii - Masoretic Text - History Of The Masorah
The history of the Masorah may be divided into three periods: (1) creative period, from its beginning to the introduction of vowel-signs;...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Benjamin Musaphia: Encyclopedia Ii - Benjamin Musaphia - Biography
Musaphia married Sara Abigail da Silva, daughter of Semuel da Silva, in 1628. Their sons and grandsons joined the court of the Gottorps, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Masoretic Text: Encyclopedia Ii - Masoretic Text - Origin
The Talmud (and also Karaite mss.) state that a standard copy of the Hebrew Bible was kept in the court of the Temple in Jerusalem for th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Immanuel: Encyclopedia Ii - Immanuel - Christian Interpretation
In the King James Bible, the relevant verse runs like this: Isaiah 7:14 "Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virg...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ritual Purification: Encyclopedia Ii - Ritual Purification - Judaism
See Ablution in Judaism. The Hebrew Bible has many rituals of purification relating to menstruation, childbirth, sexual relations, diseas...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Translators: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Translators - Translators Into English
List of translators - Literature. Geoffrey Chaucer Alamgir Hashmi David Homel - translator of Quebec literature into English Charles M...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heinrich Graetz: Encyclopedia Ii - Heinrich Graetz - Works
Heinrich Graetz - History of the Jews. To posterity Graetz will be chiefly known as the Jewish historian, although he did considerable ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Responsa: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Responsa - Rishonim
With the decline of the gaonate in the first half of the eleventh century, the Jews of various countries lost the central spiritual autho...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bible Conspiracy Theory: Encyclopedia Ii - Bible Conspiracy Theory - Mormonism And The Church Of Jesus Christ Latter-day Saints
According to the Latter-day Saints (LDS; see Mormonism), the Bible was incorrectly translated in several places, some of which differ fro...   » Read the article

Dictionary - Alexander Kohut: Encyclopedia Ii - Alexander Kohut - Talmud Dictionary
About 1873 Kohut began to compile his Dictionary of the Talmud, entirely in German, encouraged by the promise of a Christian nobleman to ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - The Two Talmuds
There is only one Mishnah but there are two distinct Gemaras: the Yerushalmi and the Bavli, and two corresponding Talmuds. (Today the wor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - Attitude To The Talmud Within Judaism
The Talmud and its study spread from Babylon to Egypt, northern Africa, Italy, Spain, France, and Germany, regions destined to become abo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - Historical Study
The Talmud contains little serious biographical studies of the people discussed therein, and the same tractate will conflate the points o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - Structure And Function
Traditional Judaism has always held that the books of the Tanakh were transmitted in parallel with a living, oral tradition. Thus, the To...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Talmud: Encyclopedia Ii - Talmud - Modern Day Talmud Scholars
Talmud scholars of the 20th century include: Rabbi Chaim Soloveitchik Rabbi Elchonon Wasserman Rabbi Boruch Ber Lebowitz (the Bircas Shm...   » Read the article

Article - Spiritual Sitemap I - T
This is a sitemap for Spiritual - T . Click on a link and you will find multiple definitions and articles related to the word.  ...   » Read the article