The Talmud (תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions on Jewish law, Jewish ethics, customs, legends and stories, which Jewish tradition considers authoritative. It is a fundamental source of legislation, customs, case histories and moral exhortations. The Talmud has two components, the Mishnah which is the first written compilation of Judaism's Oral Law, and the Gemara, a discussion of the Mishnah (though the terms Talmud and Gemara are generally used interchangeably). It expands on the earlier writings in the Torah in general ...

Including:

• Talmud - Structure and function
• Talmud - Mishna and Gemara
• Talmud - Orders and tractates
• Talmud - Form and style
• Talmud - Halakha and Aggadah
• Talmud - The two Talmuds
• Talmud - Talmud Yerushalmi Jerusalem Talmud
• Talmud - Talmud Bavli Babylonian Talmud
• Talmud - Comparison of style and subject matter
• Talmud - Attitude to the Talmud within Judaism
• Talmud - Karaism
• Talmud - Talmudic Study and Kabbalah
• Talmud - The Enlightenment
• Talmud - Jews in Western culture
• Talmud - The Talmud in modern-day Judaism
• Talmud - Historical study
• Talmud - Changes within the text of the Talmud
• Talmud - External attacks on the Talmud
• Talmud - Charges of racism
• Talmud - Modern day Talmud scholars
• Talmud - Conservative
• Talmud - The Daf Yomi Daily Page
• Talmud - Translations
• Talmud - Translations of Talmud Bavli
• Talmud - Translations of Talmud Yerushalmi

Read more here: » Talmud: Encyclopedia - Talmud

See also:

Talmud, Talmud - Structure and function, Talmud - Mishna and Gemara, Talmud - Orders and tractates, Talmud - Form and style, Talmud - Halakha and Aggadah, Talmud - The two Talmuds, Talmud - Talmud Yerushalmi Jerusalem Talmud, Talmud - Talmud Bavli Babylonian Talmud, Talmud - Comparison of style and subject matter, Talmud - Attitude to the Talmud within Judaism, Talmud - Karaism, Talmud - Talmudic Study and Kabbalah, Talmud - The Enlightenment, Talmud - Jews in Western culture, Talmud - The Talmud in modern-day Judaism, Talmud - Historical study, Talmud - Changes within the text of the Talmud, Talmud - External attacks on the Talmud, Talmud - Charges of racism, Talmud - Modern day Talmud scholars, Talmud - Conservative, Talmud - The Daf Yomi Daily Page, Talmud - Translations, Talmud - Translations of Talmud Bavli, Talmud - Translations of Talmud Yerushalmi

Read more here: » Talmud: Encyclopedia II - Talmud - Translations

The history of the Talmud reflects in part the history of Judaism persisting in a world of hostility and persecution. Almost at the very time that the Babylonian savoraim put the finishing touches to the redaction of the Talmud, the emperor Justinian issued his edict against the abolition of the Greek translation of the Bible in the service of the Synagogue. This edict, dictated by Christian zeal and anti-Jewish feeling, was the prelude to attacks on the Talmud, conceived in the same spirit, and beginning in the thirteenth cent ...

See also:

Talmud, Talmud - Structure and function, Talmud - Mishna and Gemara, Talmud - Orders and tractates, Talmud - Form and style, Talmud - Halakha and Aggadah, Talmud - The two Talmuds, Talmud - Talmud Yerushalmi Jerusalem Talmud, Talmud - Talmud Bavli Babylonian Talmud, Talmud - Comparison of style and subject matter, Talmud - Attitude to the Talmud within Judaism, Talmud - Karaism, Talmud - Talmudic Study and Kabbalah, Talmud - The Enlightenment, Talmud - Jews in Western culture, Talmud - The Talmud in modern-day Judaism, Talmud - Historical study, Talmud - Changes within the text of the Talmud, Talmud - External attacks on the Talmud, Talmud - Charges of racism, Talmud - Modern day Talmud scholars, Talmud - Conservative, Talmud - The Daf Yomi Daily Page, Talmud - Translations, Talmud - Translations of Talmud Bavli, Talmud - Translations of Talmud Yerushalmi

Read more here: » Talmud: Encyclopedia II - Talmud - External attacks on the Talmud

Samael is an important figure in Talmudic and post-Talmudic lore, a figure who is accuser, seducer, and destroyer. Legends mentioning Satan refer equally to him, such that Samael is often taken to be the true or angelic name of the Devil, as opposed to the epithet, Lucifer (light-bearer), which is based on a misapprehension of a verse against the King of Babylon, or his functional title, Satan (Adversary). However, Samael cannot always be simply identified with Satan, because some translations of the Book of Enoch ...

Including:

• Samael - Samael in other traditions
• Samael - Fictional Samaels

Read more here: » Samael: Encyclopedia - Samael

ArtScroll is an imprint of translations, books and commentaries from an Orthodox Jewish perspective published by Mesorah Publications, Ltd., a publishing company based in Brooklyn, New York. Its general editors are Rabbis Nosson Scherman and Meir Zlotowitz. ArtScroll - Primary publications. ArtScroll publishes books on a variety of Jewish subjects. The best known is probably an annotated Hebrew-English siddur ("prayerbook") (the best-selling The ArtScroll Siddur), its Torah translation ...

Including:

• ArtScroll - Primary publications
• ArtScroll - Works in progress
• ArtScroll - Popular acceptance
• ArtScroll - Schottenstein Edition Talmud
• ArtScroll - Editorial policy
• ArtScroll - Criticism
• ArtScroll - Bibliography
• ArtScroll - External link

Read more here: » ArtScroll: Encyclopedia - ArtScroll

Rabbi Yisrael ben Zev Wolf Lipkin (1810-1883) was the father of the Mussar movement in Orthodox Judaism. The epithet Salanter was added to his name due to the influence on his thinking by Rabbi Zundel of Salant. He is also known as one of the first people to try to translate the Talmud into another language. He passed away though before he could finish the immense project. 1877 he founded a famed Kovno kollel. Yisrael Lipkin Salanter - Books about. Finkelman S. The story of Reb Yisrael ...

Including:

• Yisrael Lipkin Salanter - Books about

Read more here: » Yisrael Lipkin Salanter: Encyclopedia - Yisrael Lipkin Salanter

Lilith is a female Mesopotamian night demon believed to harm male children. In Isaiah 34:14, Lilith is a kind of night-demon or animal, translated as onokentauros; in the Septuagint, as lamia; "witch" by Hieronymus of Cardia; and as screech owl in the King James Version of the Bible. In the Talmud and Midrash, Lilith appears as a night demon. The idea of Lilith as the first wife of Adam arose in the Middle Ages. Lilith - Etymology. Hebrew לילית lilith, Akkadian līlītuIncluding:

• Lilith - Etymology
• Lilith - Akkadian mythology
• Lilith - Kiskil-lilla
• Lilith - The Burney relief
• Lilith - Babylonian Lilitu
• Lilith - Lilith in the Bible
• Lilith - Christian Bible
• Lilith - Jewish tradition
• Lilith - Dead Sea scrolls
• Lilith - Talmud
• Lilith - Kabbala
• Lilith - Lilith as Adam's first wife
• Lilith - Modern magic
• Lilith - Lilith in popular culture

Read more here: » Lilith: Encyclopedia - Lilith

Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz or Even Yisrael (born 1937) is a teacher, philosopher, social critic and prolific author who has been hailed by Time magazine as a "once-in-a-millennium scholar." His lifelong work in Jewish education earned him the Israel Prize, his country’s highest honor. He is affiliated with the Chabad Lubavitch Hasidic sect. Born in Jerusalem in 1937 to secular parents, Rabbi Steinsaltz studied physics and chemistry at the Hebrew University. Following graduation, he established several experimental schools and, at the a ...

Including:

• Adin Steinsaltz - External link

Read more here: » Adin Steinsaltz: Encyclopedia - Adin Steinsaltz

Rashi רש"י, an acronym for Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac or Shlomo Yitzchaki, (February 22, 1040 – July 17, 1105) is one of Judaism's classic meforshim (Bible and Talmud commentators), and wrote the first comprehensive commentaries on the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible) and Talmud. Some sources give his surname as Yarhi, indicating that his family came from Lunel (Yareah, in Hebrew). Rashi - Biography. Rashi was born at Troyes, northern France, in 1040 and died there in 1104 or 1 ...

Including:

• Rashi - Biography
• Rashi - Works
• Rashi - Commentary on the Tanakh
• Rashi - Commentary of the Talmud

Read more here: » Rashi: Encyclopedia - Rashi

This article discusses textual hermeneutics. For the British est offshoot, see Exegesis (group) Exegesis (from the Greek ἐξηγεῖσθαι 'to lead out') involves an extensive and critical interpretation of a text, especially of a holy scripture, such as of the Old and New Testaments of the Bible, the Talmud, the Midrash, the Qur'an, etc. An exegete is a practitioner of this scien ...

Including:

• Exegesis - In Christianity
• Exegesis - Roman Catholic traditions
• Exegesis - Protestant traditions
• Exegesis - In Judaism
• Exegesis - In Islam

Read more here: » Exegesis: Encyclopedia - Exegesis

The Tosefta is a second compilation of oral law from the period of the Mishnah. In many ways, the Tosefta acts as a supplement to the Mishnah (tosefta means "supplement"). The Mishnah is the basic compilation of the Oral law of Judaism; it was compiled around 200 CE. It is a Halakhic work which corresponds in structure almost exactly to the Mishnah, with the same divisions for sedarim ("orders") and masekhot ("tractates"). It is mainly ...

Including:

• Tosefta - Orthodox scholars
• Tosefta - Non-Orthodox scholars
• Tosefta - External link

Read more here: » Tosefta: Encyclopedia - Tosefta

A targum (plural: targumim) is an Aramaic translation of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) written or compiled in the Land of Israel or in Babylonia from the Second Temple period until the early Middle Ages (late first millennium). As translations, the targumim largely reflect rabbinic (i.e. midrashic) interpretation of the Tanakh. This is true both for those targumim that are fairly literal, as well as for those whi ...

Including:

• Targum - The Two Official Targumim
• Targum - Targum Ketuvim
• Targum - Other Targumim on the Torah
• Targum - The Peshitta

Read more here: » Targum: Encyclopedia - Targum

Aggadah ( Aramaic אגדה: tales, lore; pl. Aggadot ) refers to the homiletic and non-legalistic texts in classical rabbinic literature - particularly as recorded in the Talmud and Midrash. Other terms for this body of teachings are Aggadata (אגדתא) lit.“the” aggada, and the Hebrew Haggadah (הגדה; pl. Haggadot). In general, the aggadot are presented as folklore, historical anecdotes, moral exhortations, and business and medical advice, and often refer to mythical creatures, and incredible hist ...

Including:

• Aggadah - As part of the Jewish oral law
• Aggadah - Literal-allegorical teachings
• Aggadah - Interpretation of the Aggadah
• Aggadah - In the Talmud and Midrash
• Aggadah - Development of the Aggadah
• Aggadah - Exegetic and Homiletic Aggadah
• Aggadah - Aggadah compilations

Read more here: » Aggadah: Encyclopedia - Aggadah

The Ascension of Isaiah is an apocryphal pseudepigraphal book dating from the 2nd century and compiled by an unknown Christian scholar. The text incorporates three distinct sections, each evidently once a separate work that is a single compilation here. Of these, one, the first, appears to have been written by a Jewish author, and the other two by Christians. The first part of the book (chapters 1-5), generally referred to as "The Martyrdom of Isaiah", recounts and expands on the events of 2 Kings chapter 21. Into the middle of this ( ...

Read more here: » Ascension of Isaiah: Encyclopedia - Ascension of Isaiah

The term Yinglish describes the distinctive way certain Orthodox Jews in English-speaking countries, principally America, but also the United Kingdom, speak English among themselves. Their spoken (but not written) language is a type of mixed language that is fundamentally English but with heavy influence of Hebrew and Yiddish in grammar and lexicon. In addition to actual loanwords, Yinglish uses English words as literal translations of their Yiddish original and not necessarily in the sense that other English speakers would. Famous fe ...

Read more here: » Yinglish: Encyclopedia - Yinglish

The Septuagint (LXX) is the name commonly given in the West to the Koine Greek Alexandrine text of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh/Old Testament) produced some time between the third to first century BC. The Septuagint Bible includes additional books of the old Jewish canon beyond those contained in the Hebrew Bible, including the books of the Maccabees, much beloved and revered by Jews today. These additional books were composed in Greek with small portions in Aramaic, and in most cases only the Greek version has survived to the present. Th ...

Including:

• Septuagint - Naming and designation
• Septuagint - Dating and critical scholarship
• Septuagint - Use of the Septuagint
• Septuagint - Jewish use
• Septuagint - Christian use
• Septuagint - Language of the Septuagint
• Septuagint - Books of the Septuagint
• Septuagint - Translations of the Septuagint

Read more here: » Septuagint: Encyclopedia - Septuagint

Abraham ben David was a Jewish, French commentator on the Talmud. He was born in Provence, France, about 1125 CE; died at Posquières, 27 November 1198 CE. He was the son-in-law of Abraham ben Isaac Ab-Bet-Din (known as the Rabad II). He was the father of Isaac the Blind, a Neoplatonist and important Jewish mystical thinker. The teachers under whose guidance he acquired most of his Talmudic learning ...

Including:

• Abraham ben David - Persecution
• Abraham ben David - Literary Works
• Abraham ben David - Rashi and RABaD
• Abraham ben David - Attitude as a Critic
• Abraham ben David - Maimonides and RABaD
• Abraham ben David - Judaism a Religion of Deed not of Dogma

Read more here: » Abraham ben David: Encyclopedia - Abraham ben David

Tzitzit (Ashkenazi pronunciation: tzitzis) are fringes or tassles (Hebrew: ציצת (Biblical), ציצית (Mishnaic)) found on a tallit worn by observant Jews as part of practicing Judaism. In Orthodox Judaism it is only worn by males. Tzitzit - Origin and practice. The Torah states in Numbers 15:38: "Speak to the children of Israel and you shall say to them that they shall make for themselves fringes on the corners of their garments, throughout their generations, and ...

Including:

• Tzitzit - Origin and practice
• Tzitzit - Loss of the source of tekhelet
• Tzitzit - Threads and knots
• Tzitzit - Tekhelet
• Tzitzit - Hillazon
• Tzitzit - Additional criteria
• Tzitzit - Sepia officinalis
• Tzitzit - Murex trunculus

Read more here: » Tzitzit: Encyclopedia - Tzitzit

This article is about the biblical figure. Alternatively, you may be looking for the article on Melchisédech Thévenot (ca. 1620-1692) Melchizedek or Malki-tzédek (מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶק / מַלְכִּי־צָדֶק "My king is righteous", Standard Hebrew Malki-ẓédeq / Malki-ẓádeq, Tiberian Hebrew Malkî-ṣéḏeq / Malkî-ṣāḏeq), sometimes written Malchizedek, Melchisedec, Melchisedech, Melchisedek or Melkisedek, is ...

Including:

• Melchizedek - In the Hebrew Bible
• Melchizedek - In Rabbinic interpretation
• Melchizedek - The Melchizedek Priesthood and Christianity

Read more here: » Melchizedek: Encyclopedia - Melchizedek

Yeshu (ישו in Hebrew) and slight variations such as Jeshu (Bible English transliteration) or Yeishu (Yiddish pronunciation), is the name of one or more persons in various works of classical Jewish rabbinic literature, including the Babylonian Talmud (redacted roughly before 600 CE) and the classical midrash literature (written between 200 CE to 700 CE.) Yeshu - Interpretations of the name. There is some debate over the meaning of "Yeshu." It has been used as an acronym for the ...

Including:

• Yeshu - Interpretations of the name
• Yeshu - Primary references to Yeshu
• Yeshu - Tosefta
• Yeshu - Babylonian Talmud
• Yeshu - Ben-Pandera and ben-Stada
• Yeshu - ben-Pandera
• Yeshu - ben-Stada
• Yeshu - Jesus Connection ?
• Yeshu - The medieval Toledot Yeshu narratives
• Yeshu - Identification of Yeshu with Jesus
• Yeshu - Yeshu as a literary device
• Yeshu - Criticism of the identification of Yeshu with Jesus

Read more here: » Yeshu: Encyclopedia - Yeshu