The Gemara (גמרא - from gamar: Hebrew "[to] complete"; Aramaic "[to] study") is a component of the Talmud, comprising the rabbinical commentaries and analysis on the Mishnah, undertaken in Babylon. During the centuries following Rabbi Judah's editing of the Mishna, it was studied exhaustively by generation after generation of rabbis. Eventually, some of these rabbis wrote down their discussions and commentaries on the Mishna's laws in a series of books known as the Talmud. The rabbis of Palestine edited their discuss ...

Including:

Gemara - Gemara and Mishnah Gemara - The Sugya Gemara - Argumentation and debate
Gemara - Prooftexts Gemara - Questions

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Including:

Talmud - Structure and function
Talmud - Mishna and Gemara Talmud - Orders and tractates Talmud - Form and style Talmud - Halakha and Aggadah
Talmud - The two Talmuds
Talmud - Talmud Yerushalmi Jerusalem Talmud Talmud - Talmud Bavli Babylonian Talmud Talmud - Comparison of style and subject matter
Talmud - Attitude to the Talmud within Judaism
Talmud - Karaism Talmud - Talmudic Study and Kabbalah Talmud - The Enlightenment Talmud - Jews in Western culture Talmud - The Talmud in modern-day Judaism
Talmud - Historical study
Talmud - Changes within the text of the Talmud
Talmud - External attacks on the Talmud
Talmud - Charges of racism
Talmud - Modern day Talmud scholars
Talmud - Conservative
Talmud - The Daf Yomi Daily Page Talmud - Translations
Talmud - Translations of Talmud Bavli Talmud - Translations of Talmud Yerushalmi

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The Gemara and the Mishnah together make up the Talmud. The Talmud thus comprises two components: the Mishnah - the core text; and the gemara - analysis and commentary which “completes” the Talmud (from gamar גמר,: Hebrew "[to] complete"; Aramaic "[to] study"); see Structure of the Talmud. The rabbis of the Mishnah are known as Tannaim (sing. Tanna תנא). The rabbis of the Gemara are referred to as See also:

Gemara, Gemara - Gemara and Mishnah, Gemara - The Sugya, Gemara - Argumentation and debate, Gemara - Prooftexts, Gemara - Questions

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Baraita (Aramaic ברייתא: "external", "outside"; pl. Baraitot. Also Baraitha, Beraita ) designates a tradition in the Jewish oral law not incorporated in the Mishnah. "Baraita" thus refers to teachings "outside" of the six orders of the Mishnah. Originally, "Baraita" probably referred to teachings from schools outside of the main Mishnaic-era academies - although in later collections, individual Baraitot are often aut ...

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The Tosefta is a second compilation of oral law from the period of the Mishnah. In many ways, the Tosefta acts as a supplement to the Mishnah (tosefta means "supplement"). The Mishnah is the basic compilation of the Oral law of Judaism; it was compiled around 200 CE. It is a Halakhic work which corresponds in structure almost exactly to the Mishnah, with the same divisions for sedarim ("orders") and masekhot ("tractates"). It is mainly ...

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Tosefta - Orthodox scholars Tosefta - Non-Orthodox scholars Tosefta - External link

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Keyword may mean: Keyword (computer), an identifier in a computer language that indicates a specific command Keyword (linguistics), a word that occurs with unexpected frequency in a text Keyword (America Online), an addressing scheme used on America Online as an alternative to URLs A word describing a concept found in a document such as a Web page, constituting part of the metadata for the document This article was originally based on material from the Free On-line Diction

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Posek (Hebrew פוסק; /poseq/ pl. Poskim) is the term in Jewish law for "legal decisor" - a rabbi who decides the Halakha in cases of law where previous authorities are inconclusive. This decision is known as a psak din or psak halakha (ruling of law; pl. piskei din, piskei halakha) or simply a "psak". In Hebrew, פסק is the root implying to stop or cease - here the posek brings the process of legal debate to finality. Piskei Din are ge ...

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Posek - List of recent Orthodox poskim

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Aggadah ( Aramaic אגדה: tales, lore; pl. Aggadot ) refers to the homiletic and non-legalistic texts in classical rabbinic literature - particularly as recorded in the Talmud and Midrash. Other terms for this body of teachings are Aggadata (אגדתא) lit.“the” aggada, and the Hebrew Haggadah (הגדה; pl. Haggadot). In general, the aggadot are presented as folklore, historical anecdotes, moral exhortations, and business and medical advice, and often refer to mythical creatures, and incredible hist ...

Including:

Aggadah - As part of the Jewish oral law
Aggadah - Literal-allegorical teachings Aggadah - Interpretation of the Aggadah Aggadah - In the Talmud and Midrash
Aggadah - Development of the Aggadah Aggadah - Exegetic and Homiletic Aggadah Aggadah - Aggadah compilations

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Rashi רש"י, an acronym for Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac or Shlomo Yitzchaki, (February 22, 1040 – July 17, 1105) is one of Judaism's classic meforshim (Bible and Talmud commentators), and wrote the first comprehensive commentaries on the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible) and Talmud. Some sources give his surname as Yarhi, indicating that his family came from Lunel (Yareah, in Hebrew). Rashi - Biography. Rashi was born at Troyes, northern France, in 1040 and died there in 1104 or 1 ...

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Rashi - Biography Rashi - Works
Rashi - Commentary on the Tanakh Rashi - Commentary of the Talmud

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The heresy of Peor is an event related in the torah at Numbers 25:1-15. Back references to the event occur in Numbers 25:18 and 31:16, Deuteronomy 3.28, Joshua 22:17, Hosea 9:10; Psalm 106:28. Heresy of Peor - Biblical account. The preceeding story is that of Balaam, in which a prophet, Balaam, ascends the mountain of Pe‘or, and sacrifices to God at the top of it. Having finished sacrificing, Balaam views the Israelites on the plain below, and pronounces a blessing over them, prophecying their blessed nat ...

Including:

Heresy of Peor - Biblical account Heresy of Peor - Ba‘al Pe‘or
Heresy of Peor - Talmudic traditions Heresy of Peor - Balaam
Heresy of Peor - From Moab to Midian Heresy of Peor - External link

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William Short can refer to: Willam J. Short was a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba. Willam Short was the Mayor of Edmonton, Alberta. Other related archivesEdmonton, Alberta, Manitoba, Willam J. Short, Willam Short

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Cycling shorts are shorts designed for cycling. Historically cycling shorts have been made of black wool and had a leather chamois. Most modern cycling shorts are made of lycra and contain a synthetic chamois in the seat and crotch area. They are usually worn without underwear. The function of the chamois is to absorb moisture, thus preventing chaffing and rashes, thereby increasing a cyclist's comfort and endurance. ...

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Cherem (or Herem), is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning, and is similar to excommunication in the Catholic Church. Cherem - Summary. Although developed from the Biblical ban, excommunication, as employed by the Rabbis during Talmudic times and during the Middle Ages, is really a rabbinic institution. Its object was to preserve Jewish solidarity. The legal instinct of the R ...

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Cherem - Summary Cherem - Since the Enlightenment Cherem - In the Talmud Cherem - The Niddui Cherem - The cherem Cherem - The Nezifah

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Yeshiva or yeshivah (Hebrew: ישיבה pl. yeshivot or yeshivos) is an institution for Torah study and the study of Talmud primarily within Orthodox Judaism attended by males. Females usually attend Bais Yaakov schools. Yeshiva - History. See also Torah study Yeshiva - Pre-1800s. Traditionally, every town rabbi had the right to maintain a number of full-time or part-time pupils in the town's study hall (beis midra ...

Including:

Yeshiva - History
Yeshiva - Pre-1800s Yeshiva - Chaim Volozhin
Yeshiva - Types of yeshivot Yeshiva - Prominent yeshivot
Yeshiva - In the United States Yeshiva - In Israel
Yeshiva - Academic year Yeshiva - Typical schedule Yeshiva - Method of study
Yeshiva - Talmud study Yeshiva - Jewish law Yeshiva - Ethics Yeshiva - Weekly Torah portion

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The distinctive character of the gemara derives largely from the intricate use of argumentation and debate, described above. In each sugya, either participant may cite scriptural, Mishnaic and Amoraic proof to build a logical support for their respective opinions. The process of deduction required to derive a conclusion from a prooftext is often logically complex and indirect. "Confronted with a statement on any subject, the Talmudic student will proceed to raise a series of questions before he satisfies himself of having under ...

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Gemara, Gemara - Gemara and Mishnah, Gemara - The Sugya, Gemara - Argumentation and debate, Gemara - Prooftexts, Gemara - Questions

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The analysis of the Amoraim is generally focused on clarifying the positions, words and views of the Tannaim. These debates and exchanges form the "building-blocks" of the gemara; the name for a passage of gemara is a sugya (סוגיא; plural sugyot). A sugya will typically comprise a detailed proof-based elaboration of the Mishna. Every aspect of the Mishnaic text is treated as a subject of close investigation. This analysis is aimed at an exhaustive ...

See also:

Gemara, Gemara - Gemara and Mishnah, Gemara - The Sugya, Gemara - Argumentation and debate, Gemara - Prooftexts, Gemara - Questions

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The tractate consists of five chapters. The number of mishnayot is according to the standard numbering; however, different versions split up the individual mishnayot or combine them and the chapter breaks may vary as well. Chapter One (nine mishnayot) deals with the prohibition of trade with idolaters around their festival (so as not to be complicit in the festivity) and the items that are forbidden to be sold to idolaters (which is basically any item that the idolater is likely to offer in an idolatrous service or commit an immoral act with). Thus, the main com ...

See also:

Avodah Zarah tractate, Avodah Zarah tractate - Mishna, Avodah Zarah tractate - Tosefta, Avodah Zarah tractate - Talmud Yerushalmi, Avodah Zarah tractate - Talmud Bavli

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Curious as is the order of subjects followed in this treatise, in which several mishnaic sources have been combined, the Tosefta follows it, adding comments that form the basis of the Gemara in both Talmuds. The contents of the Mishnah with the corresponding sections of the Tosefta are as follows: General calendar for the year, i.1-4 = Tosef. i.1-13. Regulations concerning the months' witnesses, i.5-ii.1 (connecting with i.4) = Tosef. i.15-ii.1 (abbreviated). Historical matter regarding fire-signals and messengers and th ...

See also:

Rosh Hashanah Talmud, Rosh Hashanah Talmud - The Shofar, Rosh Hashanah Talmud - The Tosefta

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Without the time and freedom given to the production of the Babylonian Talmud, the Jerusalem Talmud exhibits less coherence in its discussions, making it often a difficult work to understand. It is more abstruse in language and it differs from the Babylonian Talmud in language (being written in Western, rather than Eastern Aramaic), style, legal argumentation, and scope. The Jerusalem Talmud naturally has a greater focus on the Land of Israel and the Torah's agricultural laws pertaining to the land because it was written in the Land o ...

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Jerusalem Talmud, Jerusalem Talmud - Historical context, Jerusalem Talmud - Comparison to Babylonian Talmud

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The Talmud Torah at Nikolsburg, Moravia, from 1724 to 1744, gave poor boys an education equal to that which was offered their more fortunate companions. The studies consisted of Siddur, Ḥumesh (Pentateuch), and Talmud (Güdemann, "Quellenschriften zur Gesch. des Unterrichts und der Erziehung bei den Deutschen Juden," p. 275). The schools in eastern Europe retained the ancient type and methods of the Ashkenazic schools up to the middle of the nineteenth century, when a movement for improvement and better management took place in the larger ...

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Talmud Torah, Talmud Torah - Origin of Schools, Talmud Torah - Girls Excluded, Talmud Torah - In the Responsa, Talmud Torah - The Pinḳes Record, Talmud Torah - Sources of Income, Talmud Torah - Curriculum, Talmud Torah - The Modern Talmud Torah, Talmud Torah - In America, Talmud Torah - Bibliography

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