The Talmud (תלמוד) is a record of rabbinic discussions on Jewish law, Jewish ethics, customs, legends and stories, which Jewish tradition considers authoritative. It is a fundamental source of legislation, customs, case histories and moral exhortations. The Talmud has two components, the Mishnah which is the first written compilation of Judaism's Oral Law, and the Gemara, a discussion of the Mishnah (though the terms Talmud and Gemara are generally used interchangeably). It expands on the earlier writings in the Torah in general ...

Including:

• Talmud - Structure and function
• Talmud - Mishna and Gemara
• Talmud - Orders and tractates
• Talmud - Form and style
• Talmud - Halakha and Aggadah
• Talmud - The two Talmuds
• Talmud - Talmud Yerushalmi Jerusalem Talmud
• Talmud - Talmud Bavli Babylonian Talmud
• Talmud - Comparison of style and subject matter
• Talmud - Attitude to the Talmud within Judaism
• Talmud - Karaism
• Talmud - Talmudic Study and Kabbalah
• Talmud - The Enlightenment
• Talmud - Jews in Western culture
• Talmud - The Talmud in modern-day Judaism
• Talmud - Historical study
• Talmud - Changes within the text of the Talmud
• Talmud - External attacks on the Talmud
• Talmud - Charges of racism
• Talmud - Modern day Talmud scholars
• Talmud - Conservative
• Talmud - The Daf Yomi Daily Page
• Talmud - Translations
• Talmud - Translations of Talmud Bavli
• Talmud - Translations of Talmud Yerushalmi

Read more here: » Talmud: Encyclopedia - Talmud

See also:

Talmud, Talmud - Structure and function, Talmud - Mishna and Gemara, Talmud - Orders and tractates, Talmud - Form and style, Talmud - Halakha and Aggadah, Talmud - The two Talmuds, Talmud - Talmud Yerushalmi Jerusalem Talmud, Talmud - Talmud Bavli Babylonian Talmud, Talmud - Comparison of style and subject matter, Talmud - Attitude to the Talmud within Judaism, Talmud - Karaism, Talmud - Talmudic Study and Kabbalah, Talmud - The Enlightenment, Talmud - Jews in Western culture, Talmud - The Talmud in modern-day Judaism, Talmud - Historical study, Talmud - Changes within the text of the Talmud, Talmud - External attacks on the Talmud, Talmud - Charges of racism, Talmud - Modern day Talmud scholars, Talmud - Conservative, Talmud - The Daf Yomi Daily Page, Talmud - Translations, Talmud - Translations of Talmud Bavli, Talmud - Translations of Talmud Yerushalmi

Read more here: » Talmud: Encyclopedia II - Talmud - The two Talmuds

Talmud

The collection of Jewish law and tradition containing fundamental principles; a text and commentary in book form

(See also: Talmud, Body Mind and Soul)

The history of the Talmud reflects in part the history of Judaism persisting in a world of hostility and persecution. Almost at the very time that the Babylonian savoraim put the finishing touches to the redaction of the Talmud, the emperor Justinian issued his edict against the abolition of the Greek translation of the Bible in the service of the Synagogue. This edict, dictated by Christian zeal and anti-Jewish feeling, was the prelude to attacks on the Talmud, conceived in the same spirit, and beginning in the thirteenth cent ...

See also:

Talmud, Talmud - Structure and function, Talmud - Mishna and Gemara, Talmud - Orders and tractates, Talmud - Form and style, Talmud - Halakha and Aggadah, Talmud - The two Talmuds, Talmud - Talmud Yerushalmi Jerusalem Talmud, Talmud - Talmud Bavli Babylonian Talmud, Talmud - Comparison of style and subject matter, Talmud - Attitude to the Talmud within Judaism, Talmud - Karaism, Talmud - Talmudic Study and Kabbalah, Talmud - The Enlightenment, Talmud - Jews in Western culture, Talmud - The Talmud in modern-day Judaism, Talmud - Historical study, Talmud - Changes within the text of the Talmud, Talmud - External attacks on the Talmud, Talmud - Charges of racism, Talmud - Modern day Talmud scholars, Talmud - Conservative, Talmud - The Daf Yomi Daily Page, Talmud - Translations, Talmud - Translations of Talmud Bavli, Talmud - Translations of Talmud Yerushalmi

Read more here: » Talmud: Encyclopedia II - Talmud - External attacks on the Talmud

Rashi רש"י, an acronym for Rabbi Solomon ben Isaac or Shlomo Yitzchaki, (February 22, 1040 – July 17, 1105) is one of Judaism's classic meforshim (Bible and Talmud commentators), and wrote the first comprehensive commentaries on the Tanakh (the Hebrew Bible) and Talmud. Some sources give his surname as Yarhi, indicating that his family came from Lunel (Yareah, in Hebrew). Rashi - Biography. Rashi was born at Troyes, northern France, in 1040 and died there in 1104 or 1 ...

Including:

• Rashi - Biography
• Rashi - Works
• Rashi - Commentary on the Tanakh
• Rashi - Commentary of the Talmud

Read more here: » Rashi: Encyclopedia - Rashi

Cherem (or Herem), is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish community. It is a form of shunning, and is similar to excommunication in the Catholic Church. Cherem - Summary. Although developed from the Biblical ban, excommunication, as employed by the Rabbis during Talmudic times and during the Middle Ages, is really a rabbinic institution. Its object was to preserve Jewish solidarity. The legal instinct of the R ...

Including:

• Cherem - Summary
• Cherem - Since the Enlightenment
• Cherem - In the Talmud
• Cherem - The Niddui
• Cherem - The cherem
• Cherem - The Nezifah

Read more here: » Cherem: Encyclopedia - Cherem

The Gemara (גמרא - from gamar: Hebrew "[to] complete"; Aramaic "[to] study") is a component of the Talmud, comprising the rabbinical commentaries and analysis on the Mishnah, undertaken in Babylon. During the centuries following Rabbi Judah's editing of the Mishna, it was studied exhaustively by generation after generation of rabbis. Eventually, some of these rabbis wrote down their discussions and commentaries on the Mishna's laws in a series of books known as the Talmud. The rabbis of Palestine edited their discuss ...

Including:

• Gemara - Gemara and Mishnah
• Gemara - The Sugya
• Gemara - Argumentation and debate
• Gemara - Prooftexts
• Gemara - Questions

Read more here: » Gemara: Encyclopedia - Gemara

Baraita (Aramaic ברייתא: "external", "outside"; pl. Baraitot. Also Baraitha, Beraita ) designates a tradition in the Jewish oral law not incorporated in the Mishnah. "Baraita" thus refers to teachings "outside" of the six orders of the Mishnah. Originally, "Baraita" probably referred to teachings from schools outside of the main Mishnaic-era academies - although in later collections, individual Baraitot are often aut ...

Read more here: » Baraita: Encyclopedia - Baraita

George Alexander Kohut (April 22, 1842 – May 25, 1894) was a rabbi and orientalist; born at Felegyhaza, Hungary; died in New York. He belonged to a family of rabbis, the most noted among them being R. Israel Palota, his great-grandfather, R. Amram (called "The Gaon," who died in Safed, Palestine, where he had spent the last years of his life), and R. Chayyim Kitssee, rabbi in Erza, who was his great-granduncle. Th ...

Including:

• Alexander Kohut - Early Training
• Alexander Kohut - Talmud Dictionary
• Alexander Kohut - New York

Read more here: » Alexander Kohut: Encyclopedia - Alexander Kohut

Aggadah ( Aramaic אגדה: tales, lore; pl. Aggadot ) refers to the homiletic and non-legalistic texts in classical rabbinic literature - particularly as recorded in the Talmud and Midrash. Other terms for this body of teachings are Aggadata (אגדתא) lit.“the” aggada, and the Hebrew Haggadah (הגדה; pl. Haggadot). In general, the aggadot are presented as folklore, historical anecdotes, moral exhortations, and business and medical advice, and often refer to mythical creatures, and incredible hist ...

Including:

• Aggadah - As part of the Jewish oral law
• Aggadah - Literal-allegorical teachings
• Aggadah - Interpretation of the Aggadah
• Aggadah - In the Talmud and Midrash
• Aggadah - Development of the Aggadah
• Aggadah - Exegetic and Homiletic Aggadah
• Aggadah - Aggadah compilations

Read more here: » Aggadah: Encyclopedia - Aggadah

Challah (חלה) or hallah, Barches (German and western Yiddish), Barkis (Göteborg), Bergis (Stockholm), khala (Russian), khale (eastern Yiddish) is a traditional Jewish bread eaten on Shabbat and Jewish holidays (except Passover, when leavened bread is not allowed). The association of challah with Judaism is most prevalent in the United States. Challah and similar rich brioche-like breads (often braided) are also traditional in many other co ...

Read more here: » Challah: Encyclopedia - Challah

ArtScroll is an imprint of translations, books and commentaries from an Orthodox Jewish perspective published by Mesorah Publications, Ltd., a publishing company based in Brooklyn, New York. Its general editors are Rabbis Nosson Scherman and Meir Zlotowitz. ArtScroll - Primary publications. ArtScroll publishes books on a variety of Jewish subjects. The best known is probably an annotated Hebrew-English siddur ("prayerbook") (the best-selling The ArtScroll Siddur), its Torah translation ...

Including:

• ArtScroll - Primary publications
• ArtScroll - Works in progress
• ArtScroll - Popular acceptance
• ArtScroll - Schottenstein Edition Talmud
• ArtScroll - Editorial policy
• ArtScroll - Criticism
• ArtScroll - Bibliography
• ArtScroll - External link

Read more here: » ArtScroll: Encyclopedia - ArtScroll

Yeshu (ישו in Hebrew) and slight variations such as Jeshu (Bible English transliteration) or Yeishu (Yiddish pronunciation), is the name of one or more persons in various works of classical Jewish rabbinic literature, including the Babylonian Talmud (redacted roughly before 600 CE) and the classical midrash literature (written between 200 CE to 700 CE.) Yeshu - Interpretations of the name. There is some debate over the meaning of "Yeshu." It has been used as an acronym for the ...

Including:

• Yeshu - Interpretations of the name
• Yeshu - Primary references to Yeshu
• Yeshu - Tosefta
• Yeshu - Babylonian Talmud
• Yeshu - Ben-Pandera and ben-Stada
• Yeshu - ben-Pandera
• Yeshu - ben-Stada
• Yeshu - Jesus Connection ?
• Yeshu - The medieval Toledot Yeshu narratives
• Yeshu - Identification of Yeshu with Jesus
• Yeshu - Yeshu as a literary device
• Yeshu - Criticism of the identification of Yeshu with Jesus

Read more here: » Yeshu: Encyclopedia - Yeshu

Brisk yeshivas commonly known as Brisk (a name used by many Yiddish-speaking Jews to refer to the town of Brest-Litovsk, located in what is now Belarus). The town of Brisk was originally home to many great Talmudic scholars, including Rabbi Joel Sirkish (1561-1641) and many in the famed Soloveitchik family. Today, Brisk refers to several Haredi yeshiva's in Israel, with extensions in the United States as well, founded by members of the Soloveitchik family; it also refers to the general approa ...

Including:

• Brisk yeshivas - The Soloveitchik dynasty
• Brisk yeshivas - Rabbi Chaim Solovietchik
• Brisk yeshivas - Rabbi Yitzchak Zev Soloveitchik
• Brisk yeshivas - Rabbi Moshe Soloveitchik
• Brisk yeshivas - Rabbi Avraham Yehoshua Soloveitchik
• Brisk yeshivas - Philosophy
• Brisk yeshivas - General
• Brisk yeshivas - Halachic
• Brisk yeshivas - Talmudic
• Brisk yeshivas - Political
• Brisk yeshivas - Logic

Read more here: » Brisk yeshivas: Encyclopedia - Brisk yeshivas

Yeshiva or yeshivah (Hebrew: ישיבה pl. yeshivot or yeshivos) is an institution for Torah study and the study of Talmud primarily within Orthodox Judaism attended by males. Females usually attend Bais Yaakov schools. Yeshiva - History. See also Torah study Yeshiva - Pre-1800s. Traditionally, every town rabbi had the right to maintain a number of full-time or part-time pupils in the town's study hall (beis midra ...

Including:

• Yeshiva - History
• Yeshiva - Pre-1800s
• Yeshiva - Chaim Volozhin
• Yeshiva - Types of yeshivot
• Yeshiva - Prominent yeshivot
• Yeshiva - In the United States
• Yeshiva - In Israel
• Yeshiva - Academic year
• Yeshiva - Typical schedule
• Yeshiva - Method of study
• Yeshiva - Talmud study
• Yeshiva - Jewish law
• Yeshiva - Ethics
• Yeshiva - Weekly Torah portion

Read more here: » Yeshiva: Encyclopedia - Yeshiva

For radical party in Byzantine Empire, see Zealots, Thessalonica. Zealotry denotes zeal in excess, referring to cases where activism and ambition in relation to an ideology have become excessive to the point of being harmful to others, oneself, and one's own cause. A zealous person is called a zealot. Zealotry - Introduction. The term Zealot, in Hebrew kanai means one who is jealous on behalf of God. As a word in English it means a ...

Including:

• Zealotry - Introduction
• Zealotry - History
• Zealotry - Jewish War with Rome
• Zealotry - The Talmud
• Zealotry - Masada
• Zealotry - Sicarii
• Zealotry - New Testament narratives

Read more here: » Zealotry: Encyclopedia - Zealotry

The heresy of Peor is an event related in the torah at Numbers 25:1-15. Back references to the event occur in Numbers 25:18 and 31:16, Deuteronomy 3.28, Joshua 22:17, Hosea 9:10; Psalm 106:28. Heresy of Peor - Biblical account. The preceeding story is that of Balaam, in which a prophet, Balaam, ascends the mountain of Pe‘or, and sacrifices to God at the top of it. Having finished sacrificing, Balaam views the Israelites on the plain below, and pronounces a blessing over them, prophecying their blessed nat ...

Including:

• Heresy of Peor - Biblical account
• Heresy of Peor - Ba‘al Pe‘or
• Heresy of Peor - Talmudic traditions
• Heresy of Peor - Balaam
• Heresy of Peor - From Moab to Midian
• Heresy of Peor - External link

Read more here: » Heresy of Peor: Encyclopedia - Heresy of Peor

Talmud, Babylonian and Palestinian:

Records of the processes by which Hebrew scholars debated and developed their laws and rulings.

(See also: Talmud, Pagan, Paganism, Pagan Dictionary)

Talmud (Hebrew, Jewish). Rabbinic Commentaries on the Jewish faith. It is composed of two parts, the older Mishnah, and the more modern Gemara. Hebrews, who call the Pentateuch the written law, call the Talmud the unwritten or oral law.

The Talmud contains the civil and canonical laws of the Jews, who claim a great sanctity for it. For, save the above-stated difference between the Pentateuch and the Talmud, the former, they say, can claim no priority over the latter, as both were received simultaneously by Moses on Mount Sinai from Jehovah, who wrote the one and delivered the other orally.

(See also: Talmud, Theosophy, Spirituality, Body mind and Soul, Spiritual Dictionary, )

Talmud (Hebrew) [from the verbal root lamadh to teach, train in learning, discipline]

Study of and instruction in anything (whether by anyone else or by oneself); learning acquired; style, system (as such it is synonymous with Mishnah -- oral tradition -- in one of its meanings); theory in contradistinction to practice; interpretation of the Mosaic law as is apparent on the surface and not requiring further disquisition; the noncanonical tradition (Barayetha'); the oldest commentary on the canonical tradition (Gemara'); the texts of tradition and commentary combined -- this last meaning being the one commonly applied. The Talmud is the body of Rabbinical commentaries on Judaism.

There are two recensions of the Talmud: 1) that of Palestine called the Jerusalem Talmud although the work was prepared by the pupils of Rabbi Yohanan ben 'El`azar in the school of Tiberias situated some 45 miles north of Jerusalem: it was entitled Talmud of the Benei Me-`arba' (of the Sons of the West) by early writers; 2) that of Babylon composed principally in the 5th century from old oral courses by Rabbi 'Ashshei bar Sinai, headmaster of the Academy at Sura' and completed in the 6th century by Rabbi Yosei. These works are not the religious or natural philosophy of the Jews, but oral traditions and discussion of the rabbis upon these legends. Christian Orientalists have given most attention to the Palestinian recension, although the Babylonian is preferred by the rabbis who call it the Shas -- i.e., Shishshah Sedarim -- six books ordered or arranged. The Babylonian is four times as large as the Jerusalem.

The Talmud proved the greatest factor for keeping alive the religious ideas of the Jewish people, especially after the fall of Jerusalem and its temple, together with the Old Testament becoming the Bible of the Hebrews. Both were regarded reverentially, for whereas the Pentateuch was the Torah or written word of Moses, the Talmud was believed to be the prophet's oral teaching transmitted.

(See also: Talmud, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Body mind and Soul)