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takwin A selection of articles related to takwin: Jabir Ibn Hayyan was born around 721 in the town of Tus in Khorasan, Persia (present-day Iran). His father, a druggist of the Azd tribe, was executed for conspiring to overthrow the Umayyad caliphate. As a young man Jabir was sent to Kufa (present Iraq), to study the Qu'ran and mathematics Jabir became an alchemist at the court of Caliph Harun al-Rashid, for whom he wrote the Kitab al-Zuhra ("The Book of Venus", on "the noble art of alchemy"). Jabir's alchemical investigations revolved around the ultimate goal of takwin — the artificial creation of life. Alchemy had a long relationship with Shi'ite mysticism; according to the first Imam, Ali ibn Abi Talib, "alchemy is the sister of prophecy" See this and more articles and videos below.

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* Encyclopedia II - Geber - Contributions to alchemy

Jabir became an alchemist at the court of Caliph Harun al-Rashid, for whom he wrote the Kitab al-Zuhra ("The Book of Venus", on "the noble art of alchemy"). Jabir's alchemical investigations revolved around the ultimate goal of takwin — the artificial creation of life. Alchemy had a long relationship with Shi'ite mysticism; according to the first Imam, Ali ibn Abi Talib, "alchemy is the sister of prophecy". Jabir's interest in alchemy was probably inspired by his teacher Ja'far al-Sadiq, and he was himself called "the Sufi", indicating that he fo ...

* Encyclopedia II - Geber - Biography

Jabir Ibn Hayyan was born around 721 in the town of Tus in Khorasan, Persia (present-day Iran). His father, a druggist of the Azd tribe, was executed for conspiring to overthrow the Umayyad caliphate. As a young man Jabir was sent to Kufa (present Iraq), to study the Qu'ran and mathematics. In Kufa he became a student of the celebrated Islamic teacher and sixth Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq. He lived for most of his ...

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* Encyclopedia - Geber Jabir Ibn Hayyan (full name Abu Musa Jabir Ibn Hayyan Al-Azdi, أبو موسى جابر بن حيان الأزدي; ca.721, Tus, Iran – 815, Kufa, Iraq), known in Europe by the Latinized name Geber, was one of the most notable Islamic alchemists. His books strongly influenced European alchemists and justified their search for the philosopher's stone. He is credited with the invention of many types of now-basic chemical laboratory equipment, and with the discovery and description of many now-commonplace chemical substan ... Including:

Read more here: » Geber: Encyclopedia - Geber

* Encyclopedia - Alchemy

Alchemy is an early protoscientific and philosophical discipline combining the elements of chemistry, metallurgy, physics, medicine, astrology, semiotics, mysticism, and art. Alchemy has been practiced in ancient Egypt, India, and China, in Classical Greece and Rome, in the Islamic Empire, and then in Europe up to the 19th century — in a complex network of schools and philosophical systems spanning at least 2500 years. The alchemists did not follow what is now known as the scientific method, and much of the "knowledge" they p ... Including:

Alchemy - Overview

Alchemy - Alchemy in art and entertainment

Read more here: » Alchemy: Encyclopedia - Alchemy

* Encyclopedia II - Geber - Writings by Jabir

The writings of Jabir Ibn Hayyan can be divided into four categories: 1. The 112 Books dedicated to the Barmakids, viziers of Caliph Harun al-Rashid who were descended from Zoroastrian priests from Bactria. This group includes the Arabic version of the Emerald Tablet, an ancient work that is the foundation of the Hermetic or "spiritual" alchemy. In the Middle Ages it was translated into Latin (Tabula Smaragdina) and ...

* Encyclopedia II - Geber - Contributions to chemistry

Jabir is often called "Father of Chemistry", because he was the first scholar to scientifically systematize that science, to whose theory and practice he made many noteworthy contributions. In spite of his leanings toward mysticism (he was considered a Sufi) and superstition, he more clearly recognized and proclaimed the importance of experimentation. "The first essential in chemistry," he declared, "is that you should perform practical work and conduct experiments, for he who performs not practical work nor makes experim ...

* Encyclopedia II - Alchemy - Etymology

The word alchemy comes from the Arabic al-kīmiyaˀ or al-khīmiyaˀ (الكيمياء or الخيمياء), which is probably formed from the article al- and the Greek word chumeia (χυμεία) meaning "cast together", "pour together", "weld", "alloy", etc. (from khumatos, "that which is poured out, an ingot"). A decree of Diocletian, written about 300 CE in Greek, speaks against "the ancient writings of the Egyptians, which treat of the khēmia ...

* Encyclopedia II - Alchemy - Alchemy in art and entertainment

Alchemy - Literature. Many authors lampooned alchemists and used them as the butt of satirical attacks. Two famous examples of these include the play The Alchemist by Ben Jonson and, two hundred years earlier, Geoffrey Chaucer's literary work Canon's Yeoman's Tale. Some others noteworthy examples include: The anime and manga series Fullmetal Alchemist (Hagane no Renkinjutsushi), by Hiromu Arakawa, is about two alchemists, and is largely concerned with Alchemy. The Philosopher's Stone is ...

* Encyclopedia II - Alchemy - Overview

Alchemy - Alchemy as a proto-science. The common perception of alchemists is that they were pseudo-scientists, crackpots and charlatans who attempted to turn lead into gold, believed that the universe was composed of the four elements of earth, air, fire, and water, and spent most of their time concocting miraculous remedies, poisons, and magic potions. In popular view (and popular art) alchemists are hardly distinguished from wizards, seers, astrologers, quack doctors, and other mo ...

* Encyclopedia II - Alchemy - History

Alchemy encompasses several philosophical traditions spanning some four millennia and three continents. These traditions' general penchant for cryptic and symbolic language makes it hard to trace their mutual influences and "genetic" relationships. One can distinguish at least two major strands, which appear to be largely independent, at least in their earlier stages: Chinese alchemy, centered in China and its zone of cultural influence; and Western alchemy, whose center has shifted over the millennia between Egypt, Greece and Rome, t ...

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