Discipline is any training intended to produce a specific character or pattern of behaviour, especially training that produces moral or mental development in a particular direction. It is a widely held belief that most people, even those disinclined to harm others or self, lack discipline. Forms of discipline: Control obtained by enforcing compliance or order. A systematic method to obtain obedience, e.g. military discipline. Alternate meaning With an article prepended, the word discipline can also refer to a branch of knowledge or teaching; e.g. ...

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Including:

• Youth voice - Background
• Youth voice - Applications
• Youth voice - Criticism

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The term "youth voice" is often intended to group together a diversity of perspectives and experiences, regardless of backgrounds, identities, and cultural differences. Alternately, the plural forms of either word are usually intended to recognize plurality and diversity of experience, as in youths voice or youth voices. The concept is traditionally acknowledged by community and classroom educators and youth workers; it is increasingly employed by polit ...

See also:

Youth voice, Youth voice - Background, Youth voice - Applications, Youth voice - Criticism

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A child (plural: children) is a young human. Depending on context it may mean someone who is not yet an adult, or someone who has not yet reached puberty (someone who is prepubescent). Child is also a counterpart of parent: adults are the children of their parents despite their maturation beyond infancy; for example "Benjamin, aged 46, is the child of Tobias, aged 73". Similarly in a generalized sense, see child node. Child - Gender. A female child is called a girl ...

Including:

• Child - Gender
• Child - Development
• Child - Cognitive development
• Child - Notable child prodigies
• Child - Human development

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Philosophy of education - Hannah Arendt. Hannah Arendt largely avoided education as a subject, but she did so for reasons which are very interesting to educational philosophy. Her thoughts on the subject are recorded in one of the essays collected in Between Past and Future, entitled, "The Crisis in Education." In this essay, Arendt proceeds to argue that any attempt to create democracy through educational methods was a form of tyranny... (C ...

See also:

Philosophy of education, Philosophy of education - Critical responses and counter-philosophies, Philosophy of education - Hannah Arendt, Philosophy of education - E.D. Hirsch

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Child development is the study or examination of processes and mechanisms that operate during the physical and mental development of an infant into an adult. Pediatrics is the branch of medicine relating to the care of children. It encompasses ages from prenatal to teenagers and even young adults (ages 0-21 years). Terms for stages of age-related physical development include, with their approximate age ranges: Zygote, the point of Conception, fertilization Embryo; in the later stages also cal ...

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Child, Child - Gender, Child - Development, Child - Cognitive development, Child - Notable child prodigies, Child - Human development

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Human development refers to all forms of development above, often in the context of clinical or developmental psychology, or as human development theory (in economics, an outgrowth of welfare economics). Both the psychological and economic fields share a special concern with education and language fluency including literacy and numeracy, and with identification and development of more unique talents into the eco ...

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Child, Child - Gender, Child - Development, Child - Cognitive development, Child - Notable child prodigies, Child - Human development

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Philosophy of education - Plato. Plato is the earliest important educational thinker. Education is, of course, a relatively minor part of his overall philosophical vision, but it is an important one. He saw education as the key to creating and sustaining his Republic. He advocated extreme methods: removing children from their mothers' care and raising them as wards of the state, with great care being taken to differentiate children suitable to the various castes, the highest receiving the most education, so that ...

See also:

Philosophy of education, Philosophy of education - The democratic tradition of educational philosophy, Philosophy of education - Plato, Philosophy of education - Rousseau, Philosophy of education - B.F. Skinner, Philosophy of education - Dewey, Philosophy of education - Freire, Philosophy of education - Critical responses and counter-philosophies, Philosophy of education - Hannah Arendt, Philosophy of education - Rudolf Steiner, Philosophy of education - E.D. Hirsch, Philosophy of education - Neil Postman and the Inquiry Method

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Philosophy of education - Hannah Arendt. Hannah Arendt largely avoided education as a subject, but she did so for reasons which are very interesting to educational philosophy. Her thoughts on the subject are recorded in one of the essays collected in Between Past and Future, entitled, "The Crisis in Education." In this essay, Arendt proceeds to argue that any attempt to create democracy through educational methods was a form of tyranny... (Cont ...

See also:

Philosophy of education, Philosophy of education - The democratic tradition of educational philosophy, Philosophy of education - Plato, Philosophy of education - Rousseau, Philosophy of education - B.F. Skinner, Philosophy of education - Dewey, Philosophy of education - Freire, Philosophy of education - Critical responses and counter-philosophies, Philosophy of education - Hannah Arendt, Philosophy of education - Rudolf Steiner, Philosophy of education - E.D. Hirsch, Philosophy of education - Neil Postman and the Inquiry Method

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Parenting - Parenting Methods and Practices. Parenting may involve praise, but it also involves punishment. Some parents no longer consider spanking a necessary punishment. The term "child training" implies a specific type of parenting that focuses on holistic understanding of the child. The "Taking Children Seriously" philosophy sees both praise and punishment as manipulative and harmful to the child and seeks other way to reach agreement with them. The term "attachment parenting" seeks to create strong emotiona ...

See also:

Parenting, Parenting - Aspects of parenting, Parenting - Parenting Methods and Practices, Parenting - Pregnancy and the early years, Parenting - During infancy, Parenting - Common areas many parents look to address during infancy, Parenting - School years, Parenting - Assistance, Parenting - Observers, Parenting - Parenting assessment

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For Better or For Worse - Main characters. John Patterson (b. February 17, 1949), is a dentist whose hobby is model railroading. John appears less often than his wife Elly. Elly Patterson, née Richards (born August 26, 1951), is a housewife turned book store owner. She tends to take life quite seriously, sometimes to the point of appearing grumpy. Michael (b. April 28, 1976), is oldest of Elly and John Patterson's three children. He works as a senior editor at Portrait magazine. He ...

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For Better or For Worse, For Better or For Worse - Past storylines, For Better or For Worse - Current storylines, For Better or For Worse - Unconventional storylines, For Better or For Worse - Characters, For Better or For Worse - Main characters, For Better or For Worse - Supporting characters, For Better or For Worse - Minor characters, For Better or For Worse - Animals, For Better or For Worse - Millborough, For Better or For Worse - Distribution, For Better or For Worse - Animated series and specials, For Better or For Worse - Exhibits

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Ossining is an active and caring community with services to fit most needs. The fire department and the ambulance corps, which includes an Advance Life Support Program, are made up of highly trained volunteers who take their jobs very seriously. There are services for seniors ranging from a nutritional program to club activities and trips, while the Ossining library is an extremely fine one with a busy schedule including children’s programs, adult classes and workshops, art shows, special exhibits, career information services and concerts. ...

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Ossining village New York, Ossining village New York - Geography, Ossining village New York - Demographics, Ossining village New York - History, Ossining village New York - Current summary, Ossining village New York - Transportation, Ossining village New York - Shopping, Ossining village New York - Recreation, Ossining village New York - Community Services, Ossining village New York - Education, Ossining village New York - Notable buildings

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Parenting is the process of raising a child from birth until they reach adulthood. This task is usually done by the biological parents, but if the parents are unable or unwilling to provide care, the task is usually deferred to adoptive parents, foster parents, close relatives (including older siblings), godparents, or institutions (such as group homes or orphanages). An integral part of parenting is education of the child. (For further details on the education of children, see Education) Parenting - Aspects of pa ...

Including:

• Parenting - Aspects of parenting
• Parenting - Parenting Methods and Practices
• Parenting - Pregnancy and the early years
• Parenting - During infancy
• Parenting - Common areas many parents look to address during infancy
• Parenting - School years
• Parenting - Assistance
• Parenting - Observers
• Parenting - Parenting assessment

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Physical abuse Torture / Severe Corporal punishment Psychological abuse Humiliation / Intimidation / Bullying Hate speech / Manipulation / Stalking / Coercive persuasion Sexual abuse Sexual assault / Rape Sexual harassment Child abuse / Domestic violence Prisoner abuse / Elder abuse Animal abuse Police brutality Human experimentation Coercion is the practice of compelling a person to act by employing threat of harm (e.g., by ph ...

Including:

• Coercion - Overview
• Coercion - Means
• Coercion - Physical coercion
• Coercion - Psychological coercion
• Coercion - Economic coercion
• Coercion - Aims
• Coercion - Predatory coercion
• Coercion - Pedagogic and thought coercion
• Coercion - Disciplinary coercion
• Coercion - Scope
• Coercion - Specific coercion
• Coercion - Unspecific coercion
• Coercion - Effects
• Coercion - Legal effects
• Coercion - Psychological effects: the effectiveness of thought coercion
• Coercion - Social effects: coercion and progress
• Coercion - Ethical effects: coercion and freedom
• Coercion - Examples of coercion

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Physical abuse Torture / Severe Corporal punishment Psychological abuse Humiliation / Intimidation / Bullying Hate speech / Manipulation / Stalking / Coercive persuasion Sexual abuse Sexual assault / Rape Sexual harassment Child abuse / Domestic violence Prisoner abuse / Elder abuse Animal abuse Police brutality Human experimentation Punishment is the practice of imposing something unpleasant on a wrongdoer as a response to som ...

Including:

• Punishment - Scope of application
• Punishment - History and rationale
• Punishment - Types of punishments
• Punishment - Judicial and similar i.e. for crimes
• Punishment - For children
• Punishment - Other
• Punishment - Possible reasons for punishment

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Methods of child discipline vary widely between cultures and have in recent times changed considerably in many of them. In western society, there has been much debate in recent years over spanking in particular and corporal punishment for children in general. But many parents and teachers still agree with Machiavelli`s maxim: "It is better to be feared than loved." The appropriateness of Machiavelli`s ideas on the gaining of power to parenting have been questioned by many. Earlier in history, Solomon advised: "Discipline your children and they will give you rest ...

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The effects of coercion may differ substantially according to its type and scope. Here they will be considered from the legal, psychological, social and ethical points of view. Coercion - Legal effects. In most legal systems, the use of ‘’physical’’ specific coercion by private individuals is a criminal offence in all cases not involving self defence. The picture is less simple for ‘’psychological’’ specific coercion, owing to the general difficulty in finding clear evidence for it. ...

See also:

Coercion, Coercion - Overview, Coercion - Means, Coercion - Physical coercion, Coercion - Psychological coercion, Coercion - Economic coercion, Coercion - Aims, Coercion - Predatory coercion, Coercion - Pedagogic and thought coercion, Coercion - Disciplinary coercion, Coercion - Scope, Coercion - Specific coercion, Coercion - Unspecific coercion, Coercion - Effects, Coercion - Legal effects, Coercion - Psychological effects: the effectiveness of thought coercion, Coercion - Social effects: coercion and progress, Coercion - Ethical effects: coercion and freedom, Coercion - Examples of coercion

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This is just a typology with some well-known examples. For a more exhaustive traetment follow the links, and for a more extensive list, use the category:punishments. Punishment - Judicial and similar i.e. for crimes. Socio-economical punishments: fines or loss of income confiscation demotion, suspension or expulsion (especially in a strict hierarchy, such as military or clergy) restriction or loss of civic and other rights, in the extreme even ...

See also:

Punishment, Punishment - Scope of application, Punishment - History and rationale, Punishment - Types of punishments, Punishment - Judicial and similar i.e. for crimes, Punishment - For children, Punishment - Other, Punishment - Possible reasons for punishment

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Praise and rewards (hugs, time with the child, etc.) for good behavior similarly goes much further as discipline than does punishment (see positive reinforcement). Simply giving the child positive attention and respect when he is not misbehaving will also act as an extremely strong reinforcer for good behavior. It is very common for children who are otherwise ignored by their parents to turn to misbehavior as a way of seeking attention. Advocates of this method differ on the question of what exactly should be used as rewards. Some, for instance, are strongly opposed to the use of food or sweets as rew ...

See also:

Non-violent child discipline, Non-violent child discipline - Time-outs, Non-violent child discipline - Hugging, Non-violent child discipline - Distraction, Non-violent child discipline - Reason, Non-violent child discipline - Consequences, Non-violent child discipline - Modeling, Non-violent child discipline - Praise and rewards, Non-violent child discipline - Scolding

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Looking at the content of the threat, one can distinguish between physical, psychological and economic coercion. Coercion - Physical coercion. Physical coercion is the most commonly considered form, where the content of the conditional threat is the use of force against the person, the dear ones or the property of the victim, An oft-used example is "putting a gun to someone's head" to compel action. Armed forces in many countries use firing squads to maintain discipline. However, there also are non-physical forms of coercion, where the threatened injury does not i ...

See also:

Coercion, Coercion - Overview, Coercion - Means, Coercion - Physical coercion, Coercion - Psychological coercion, Coercion - Economic coercion, Coercion - Aims, Coercion - Predatory coercion, Coercion - Pedagogic and thought coercion, Coercion - Disciplinary coercion, Coercion - Scope, Coercion - Specific coercion, Coercion - Unspecific coercion, Coercion - Effects, Coercion - Legal effects, Coercion - Psychological effects: the effectiveness of thought coercion, Coercion - Social effects: coercion and progress, Coercion - Ethical effects: coercion and freedom, Coercion - Examples of coercion

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