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systematics | A Wisdom Archive on systematics | | systematics A selection of articles related to systematics | |
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systematics, Systematics, alpha taxonomy, phylogeny, scientific classification, molecular systematics, cladistics
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO systematics | | | | |  systematics: Encyclopedia II - Biology - HistoryMain articles: History of biology, History of medicine, History of genetics
Major discoveries in biology include:
Cell theory
Germ theory of disease
Genetics
Evolution
DNA
...
See also:Biology, Biology - Biological Phenomena, Biology - Branches of Biology, Biology - Principles of biology, Biology - Universality: Biochemistry cells and the genetic code, Biology - Evolution: The central principle of biology, Biology - Diversity: The variety of living organisms, Biology - Continuity: The common descent of life, Biology - Homeostasis: Adapting to change, Biology - Interactions: Groups and environments, Biology - Scope of biology, Biology - Structure of life, Biology - Physiology of organisms, Biology - Diversity and evolution of organisms, Biology - Interactions of organisms, Biology - History of the word biology, Biology - History, Biology - Related topics Read more here: » Biology: Encyclopedia II - Biology - History |
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| | | | | systematics: Encyclopedia II - Biology - Branches of Biology While botany encompasses the study of plants, zoology is the branch of science that is concerned about the study of animals and anthropology is the branch of biology to study human beings. However, at the molecular scale, life is studied in the disciplines of molecular biology, biochemistry, and molecular genetics. At the next level of the cell, it is studied in cell biology, and at multicellular scales, it is examined in physiology, anatomy, and histology. Developmental biology studies life at the level of an ...
See also:Biology, Biology - Biological Phenomena, Biology - Branches of Biology, Biology - Principles of biology, Biology - Universality: Biochemistry cells and the genetic code, Biology - Evolution: The central principle of biology, Biology - Diversity: The variety of living organisms, Biology - Continuity: The common descent of life, Biology - Homeostasis: Adapting to change, Biology - Interactions: Groups and environments, Biology - Scope of biology, Biology - Structure of life, Biology - Physiology of organisms, Biology - Diversity and evolution of organisms, Biology - Interactions of organisms, Biology - History of the word biology, Biology - History, Biology - Related topics Read more here: » Biology: Encyclopedia II - Biology - Branches of Biology |
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| | | | | systematics: Encyclopedia II - Cladistics - Cladistic classification A recent trend in biology since the 1960s, called cladism or cladistic taxonomy, requires taxa to be clades. In other words, cladists argue that the classification system should be reformed to eliminate all non-clades. In contrast, other taxonomists insist that groups reflect phylogenies and often make use of cladistic techniques, but allow both monophyletic and paraphyletic groups as taxa.
A monophyletic group is a clade, comprising an ancestral form and all of its descendants, and so forming one (and only one) e ...
See also:Cladistics, Cladistics - Definitions, Cladistics - Cladistic methods, Cladistics - Cladistic classification Read more here: » Cladistics: Encyclopedia II - Cladistics - Cladistic classification |
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| | | | | systematics: Encyclopedia II - Mammal classification - Molecular classification of mammals Molecular studies by a small group of molecular systematicists, based on DNA analysis, have revealed new relationships among mammal families over the last few years. The most recent classification systems based on molecular studies reveal four groups or lineages of placental mammals which diverged from early common ancestors in the Cretaceous.
The first divergence was that of the Afrotheria 110–100 million years ago (Ma). The Afrotheria proceeded to evolve and diversify in the isolation of the African-Arabian continent. The Xenarthr ...
See also:Mammal classification, Mammal classification - Molecular classification of mammals, Mammal classification - Group I: Afrotheria, Mammal classification - Group II: Xenarthra, Mammal classification - Clade Boreoeutheria, Mammal classification - Standardized textbook classification, Mammal classification - Subclass Prototheria, Mammal classification - Subclass Theria, Mammal classification - McKenna/Bell classification, Mammal classification - Subclass Prototheria, Mammal classification - Subclass Theriiformes, Mammal classification - Mammal Taxonomy classification, Mammal classification - Subclass Allotheria†, Mammal classification - Subclass Australosphenida, Mammal classification - Subclass Theriiformes, Mammal classification - Classification system used in related articles, Mammal classification - Subclass/Order Monotremata, Mammal classification - Subclass Marsupialia, Mammal classification - Subclass Placentalia Read more here: » Mammal classification: Encyclopedia II - Mammal classification - Molecular classification of mammals |
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| | | | | systematics: Encyclopedia II - Mammal classification - Classification system used in related articles In light of all the options available, the following classification system has been adopted for use in related articles.
Mammal classification - Subclass/Order Monotremata.
Order Monotremata
Family Tachyglossidae: echidnas
Family Ornithorhynchidae: platypus
Family Kollikodontidae: ancient, extinct monotreme somewhat similar to platypus
Mammal classification - Subclass Marsupialia.
Order Didelphimorphia
Fa ...
See also:Mammal classification, Mammal classification - Molecular classification of mammals, Mammal classification - Group I: Afrotheria, Mammal classification - Group II: Xenarthra, Mammal classification - Clade Boreoeutheria, Mammal classification - Standardized textbook classification, Mammal classification - Subclass Prototheria, Mammal classification - Subclass Theria, Mammal classification - McKenna/Bell classification, Mammal classification - Subclass Prototheria, Mammal classification - Subclass Theriiformes, Mammal classification - Mammal Taxonomy classification, Mammal classification - Subclass Allotheria†, Mammal classification - Subclass Australosphenida, Mammal classification - Subclass Theriiformes, Mammal classification - Classification system used in related articles, Mammal classification - Subclass/Order Monotremata, Mammal classification - Subclass Marsupialia, Mammal classification - Subclass Placentalia Read more here: » Mammal classification: Encyclopedia II - Mammal classification - Classification system used in related articles |
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| | | | | systematics: Encyclopedia II - Mammal classification - Standardized textbook classification A somewhat standardized classification system has been adopted by most current mammalogy classroom textbooks. The following taxonomy of extant and recently extinct mammals is taken from Vaughan et al. (2000). This approach emphasizes an initial split between egg-laying prototherians and live-bearing therians. The therians are further divided into the marsupial Metatheria and the "placental" eutheria. No attempt is made here to further distinguish among the orders within these subclasses and infraclas ...
See also:Mammal classification, Mammal classification - Molecular classification of mammals, Mammal classification - Group I: Afrotheria, Mammal classification - Group II: Xenarthra, Mammal classification - Clade Boreoeutheria, Mammal classification - Standardized textbook classification, Mammal classification - Subclass Prototheria, Mammal classification - Subclass Theria, Mammal classification - McKenna/Bell classification, Mammal classification - Subclass Prototheria, Mammal classification - Subclass Theriiformes, Mammal classification - Mammal Taxonomy classification, Mammal classification - Subclass Allotheria†, Mammal classification - Subclass Australosphenida, Mammal classification - Subclass Theriiformes, Mammal classification - Classification system used in related articles, Mammal classification - Subclass/Order Monotremata, Mammal classification - Subclass Marsupialia, Mammal classification - Subclass Placentalia Read more here: » Mammal classification: Encyclopedia II - Mammal classification - Standardized textbook classification |
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| | | | | systematics: Encyclopedia II - Botany - History
Botany - Early botany before 1945.
Among the earliest of botanical works, written around 300 B.C., are two large treatises by Theophrastus: On the History of Plants (Historia Plantarum) and On the Causes of Plants. Together these books constitute the most important contribution to botanical science during antiquity and on into the Middle Ages. The Roman medical writer Dioscorides provides important evidence on Greek and Ro ...
See also:Botany, Botany - Scope and importance of botany, Botany - Feed the world, Botany - Understand fundamental life processes, Botany - Utilise medicine and materials, Botany - Understand environmental changes, Botany - History, Botany - Early botany before 1945, Botany - Modern botany since 1945 Read more here: » Botany: Encyclopedia II - Botany - History |
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| | | | | systematics: Encyclopedia II - Mammal classification - McKenna/Bell classification In 1997, the mammals were comprehensively revised by Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell, which has resulted in the "McKenna/Bell classification".
McKenna and Bell, Classification of Mammals: Above the species level, (McKenna & Bell, 1997) is the most comprehensive work to date on the systematics, relationships, and occurrences of all mammal taxa, living and extinct, down through the rank of genus. The new McKenna/Bell classification was quickly accepted by paleontologists. The authors work together as paleontologists at t ...
See also:Mammal classification, Mammal classification - Molecular classification of mammals, Mammal classification - Group I: Afrotheria, Mammal classification - Group II: Xenarthra, Mammal classification - Clade Boreoeutheria, Mammal classification - Standardized textbook classification, Mammal classification - Subclass Prototheria, Mammal classification - Subclass Theria, Mammal classification - McKenna/Bell classification, Mammal classification - Subclass Prototheria, Mammal classification - Subclass Theriiformes, Mammal classification - Mammal Taxonomy classification, Mammal classification - Subclass Allotheria†, Mammal classification - Subclass Australosphenida, Mammal classification - Subclass Theriiformes, Mammal classification - Classification system used in related articles, Mammal classification - Subclass/Order Monotremata, Mammal classification - Subclass Marsupialia, Mammal classification - Subclass Placentalia Read more here: » Mammal classification: Encyclopedia II - Mammal classification - McKenna/Bell classification |
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| | | | | systematics: Encyclopedia II - Tsetse fly - Tsetse biology The biology of tsetse is relatively well understood. Tsetse have been extensively studied because of their medical, veterinary, and economic importance, because the flies can be raised in a laboratory, and because the flies are relatively large facilitating their analysis. Entomologists have discovered a great deal about tsetse morphology, anatomy, development, and metabolism.
Tsetse fly - Tsetse morphology.
Tsetse can be seen as independent individuals in three forms: as t ...
See also:Tsetse fly, Tsetse fly - Tsetse biology, Tsetse fly - Tsetse morphology, Tsetse fly - Tsetse anatomy, Tsetse fly - The tsetse life cycle, Tsetse fly - Tsetse metabolism, Tsetse fly - General biology, Tsetse fly - Tsetse systematics, Tsetse fly - Tsetse species, Tsetse fly - Tsetse as vectors of trypanosomiasis, Tsetse fly - Tsetse vectored human trypanosomiases, Tsetse fly - Tsetse vectored animal trypanosomiases, Tsetse fly - Tsetse control, Tsetse fly - Tsetse control techniques, Tsetse fly - Etymology, Tsetse fly - Resources, Tsetse fly - Books, Tsetse fly - External links, Tsetse fly - Google picture search Read more here: » Tsetse fly: Encyclopedia II - Tsetse fly - Tsetse biology |
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