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syngas | A Wisdom Archive on syngas | | syngas A selection of articles related to syngas | |
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syngas, Syngas
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO syngas | | | |  syngas: Encyclopedia II - Hydrogen economy - The short-term futureThe large market and sharply rising prices have also stimulated great interest in alternate, cheaper means of hydrogen production. One particular method that has gained considerable commercial interest and U.S. government funding is high-temperature thermochemical electrolysis of water (H2O). Some prototype nuclear reactors operate at 850 to 1000 degrees Celsius, considerably hotter than existing commercial plants. Thermochemical electrolysis of water at these temperatures converts more of the initial heat energy into chemical ene ...
See also:Hydrogen economy, Hydrogen economy - The present, Hydrogen economy - The short-term future, Hydrogen economy - Rationale, Hydrogen economy - Production, Hydrogen economy - Fossil fuels, Hydrogen economy - Electrolysis, Hydrogen economy - Thermochemical production, Hydrogen economy - Other methods, Hydrogen economy - Storage, Hydrogen economy - Ammonia storage, Hydrogen economy - Metal hydrides, Hydrogen economy - Synthesized hydrocarbons, Hydrogen economy - Other methods, Hydrogen economy - Transportation, Hydrogen economy - Environmental concerns, Hydrogen economy - Consumption, Hydrogen economy - Chemical feed, Hydrogen economy - Energy source, Hydrogen economy - Problems, Hydrogen economy - Examples Read more here: » Hydrogen economy: Encyclopedia II - Hydrogen economy - The short-term future |
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| | | | | syngas: Encyclopedia II - Hydrogen economy - Production The production and distribution of hydrogen for the purpose of transportation is being tested in limited markets around the world, particularly in Iceland, Germany, California, Japan and Canada. There are several processes which can yield hydrogen via water splitting using various energy sources at different efficiencies and costs. As of 2005, 48% of hydrogen production (for industrial processes) is from natural gas, 30% is from oil, 18% is from coal, and 4% is from electrolysis.
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See also:Hydrogen economy, Hydrogen economy - The present, Hydrogen economy - The short-term future, Hydrogen economy - Rationale, Hydrogen economy - Production, Hydrogen economy - Fossil fuels, Hydrogen economy - Electrolysis, Hydrogen economy - Thermochemical production, Hydrogen economy - Other methods, Hydrogen economy - Storage, Hydrogen economy - Ammonia storage, Hydrogen economy - Metal hydrides, Hydrogen economy - Synthesized hydrocarbons, Hydrogen economy - Other methods, Hydrogen economy - Transportation, Hydrogen economy - Environmental concerns, Hydrogen economy - Consumption, Hydrogen economy - Chemical feed, Hydrogen economy - Energy source, Hydrogen economy - Problems, Hydrogen economy - Examples Read more here: » Hydrogen economy: Encyclopedia II - Hydrogen economy - Production |
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| | | | | syngas: Encyclopedia II - Hydrogen economy - Transportation Hydrogen seems unlikely to be the cheapest carrier of energy over long distances in the near future. Advances in electrolysis and fuel cell technology have not addressed the underlying cost problem yet.
As of 2005, the cheapest method to move energy around the planet is in uranium by rail, but nuclear power has received negative responses. The next cheapest and currently most widely used is in the form of oil in a pipeline or supertanker, or coal by rail or bulk carrier vessel. Natural gas pipelines and liquified natural gas tankers a ...
See also:Hydrogen economy, Hydrogen economy - The present, Hydrogen economy - The short-term future, Hydrogen economy - Rationale, Hydrogen economy - Production, Hydrogen economy - Fossil fuels, Hydrogen economy - Electrolysis, Hydrogen economy - Thermochemical production, Hydrogen economy - Other methods, Hydrogen economy - Storage, Hydrogen economy - Ammonia storage, Hydrogen economy - Metal hydrides, Hydrogen economy - Synthesized hydrocarbons, Hydrogen economy - Other methods, Hydrogen economy - Transportation, Hydrogen economy - Environmental concerns, Hydrogen economy - Consumption, Hydrogen economy - Chemical feed, Hydrogen economy - Energy source, Hydrogen economy - Problems, Hydrogen economy - Examples Read more here: » Hydrogen economy: Encyclopedia II - Hydrogen economy - Transportation |
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| | | | | syngas: Encyclopedia II - Hydrogen economy - Environmental concerns 48% of hydrogen gas is created through the natural gas steam reforming/water gas shift reaction method, outlined above. This creates carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, as a byproduct. This is usually released into the atmosphere, although there has also been some research into interning it underground or undersea.
Recently, there have also been some concerns over possible problems related to hydrogen gas leakage. One issue, which may become more important as hydrogen usage becomes more widespread, is permanent hydrogen ...
See also:Hydrogen economy, Hydrogen economy - The present, Hydrogen economy - The short-term future, Hydrogen economy - Rationale, Hydrogen economy - Production, Hydrogen economy - Fossil fuels, Hydrogen economy - Electrolysis, Hydrogen economy - Thermochemical production, Hydrogen economy - Other methods, Hydrogen economy - Storage, Hydrogen economy - Ammonia storage, Hydrogen economy - Metal hydrides, Hydrogen economy - Synthesized hydrocarbons, Hydrogen economy - Other methods, Hydrogen economy - Transportation, Hydrogen economy - Environmental concerns, Hydrogen economy - Consumption, Hydrogen economy - Chemical feed, Hydrogen economy - Energy source, Hydrogen economy - Problems, Hydrogen economy - Examples Read more here: » Hydrogen economy: Encyclopedia II - Hydrogen economy - Environmental concerns |
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| | | | | syngas: Encyclopedia II - Hydrogen economy - The present Hydrogen production is a large and growing industry. Globally, about 50 million metric tons of hydrogen were produced in 2004; the growth rate is about 10% per year. The energy in the current flow corresponds to about 200 gigawatts. Within the U.S., production was about 11 million metric tons, or 48 GW (10.8% of the average U.S. total electric production of 442 GW in 2003). Because hydrogen storage and transport are so expensive, most hydrogen is currently produced locally, and used immediately, generally by the same company producing it. As of 2005, the economic value of all h ...
See also:Hydrogen economy, Hydrogen economy - The present, Hydrogen economy - The short-term future, Hydrogen economy - Rationale, Hydrogen economy - Production, Hydrogen economy - Fossil fuels, Hydrogen economy - Electrolysis, Hydrogen economy - Thermochemical production, Hydrogen economy - Other methods, Hydrogen economy - Storage, Hydrogen economy - Ammonia storage, Hydrogen economy - Metal hydrides, Hydrogen economy - Synthesized hydrocarbons, Hydrogen economy - Other methods, Hydrogen economy - Transportation, Hydrogen economy - Environmental concerns, Hydrogen economy - Consumption, Hydrogen economy - Chemical feed, Hydrogen economy - Energy source, Hydrogen economy - Problems, Hydrogen economy - Examples Read more here: » Hydrogen economy: Encyclopedia II - Hydrogen economy - The present |
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| | | | | syngas: Encyclopedia II - Future energy development - Energy storage and transportation fuel There is a widely held misconception that hydrogen is an alternative energy source. There are no uncombined hydrogen reserves on Earth that could provide energy like fossil fuels or uranium. Uncombined hydrogen is instead produced with the help of other energy sources. It may play an important role in a future hydrogen economy as a general energy storage system, used both to smooth power output by intermittent power sources, like solar power, and as transportation fuel for vehicles. However, the idea is currently impractical: hydrogen is inefficient to produce, and expensive to store, trans ...
See also:Future energy development, Future energy development - General considerations, Future energy development - History of predictions about future energy development, Future energy development - Fossil fuels, Future energy development - Oil, Future energy development - Natural gas, Future energy development - Coal, Future energy development - Nuclear power, Future energy development - Renewable energy, Future energy development - Increased efficiency in current energy use, Future energy development - Energy storage and transportation fuel, Future energy development - Speculative Read more here: » Future energy development: Encyclopedia II - Future energy development - Energy storage and transportation fuel |
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| | | | | syngas: Encyclopedia II - Future energy development - Nuclear power Main article: Nuclear power
There are presently over 400 nuclear reactors in the world, including several advanced designs (such as the ABWR) and a few breeder reactors.
At the present rate of use, there are 50 years left of known low-cost uranium reserves [25]. However, given that the cost of fuel is a minor cost factor for fission power, lower-grade or more expensive sources of uranium could be used in the future (for example: extraction from seawater [26] or from granite). Another alternative would be to use thorium a ...
See also:Future energy development, Future energy development - General considerations, Future energy development - History of predictions about future energy development, Future energy development - Fossil fuels, Future energy development - Oil, Future energy development - Natural gas, Future energy development - Coal, Future energy development - Nuclear power, Future energy development - Renewable energy, Future energy development - Increased efficiency in current energy use, Future energy development - Energy storage and transportation fuel, Future energy development - Speculative Read more here: » Future energy development: Encyclopedia II - Future energy development - Nuclear power |
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| | | | | syngas: Encyclopedia II - Future energy development - Renewable energy Main article: Renewable energy
Another possible solution to an energy shortage or predicted future shortage would be to use some of the world's remaining fossil fuel reserves as an investment in renewable energy. Before the industrial revolution, they were the only energy source used by humanity. Solid biofuel like wood is still the main power source for many poor people in developing countrie ...
See also:Future energy development, Future energy development - General considerations, Future energy development - History of predictions about future energy development, Future energy development - Fossil fuels, Future energy development - Oil, Future energy development - Natural gas, Future energy development - Coal, Future energy development - Nuclear power, Future energy development - Renewable energy, Future energy development - Increased efficiency in current energy use, Future energy development - Energy storage and transportation fuel, Future energy development - Speculative Read more here: » Future energy development: Encyclopedia II - Future energy development - Renewable energy |
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| | | | | syngas: Encyclopedia II - Future energy development - Increased efficiency in current energy use New technology may make better use of already available energy through improved efficiency, such as more efficient fluorescent lamps, engines, and insulation. Using heat exchangers, it is possible to recover some of the energy in waste warm water and air, for example to preheat incoming fresh water. Hydrocarbon fuel production from pyrolysis could also be in this category, allowing recovery of some of the energy in hydrocarbon waste. Meat production is energy inefficient compared to the production of protein sources like soybean or Quorn. Al ...
See also:Future energy development, Future energy development - General considerations, Future energy development - History of predictions about future energy development, Future energy development - Fossil fuels, Future energy development - Oil, Future energy development - Natural gas, Future energy development - Coal, Future energy development - Nuclear power, Future energy development - Renewable energy, Future energy development - Increased efficiency in current energy use, Future energy development - Energy storage and transportation fuel, Future energy development - Speculative Read more here: » Future energy development: Encyclopedia II - Future energy development - Increased efficiency in current energy use |
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| | | | | syngas: Encyclopedia II - Hydrogen economy - Consumption
Hydrogen economy - Chemical feed.
Hydrogen is used in chemical reactions - the Haber process and hydrocracking - as described in "The present" above.
Hydrogen economy - Energy source.
The underlying premise of a hydrogen economy is that fuel cells will replace internal combustion engines and turbines as the primary way to convert chemical power into motive and electrical power. The reason to expect this changeover is that fuel cells, being electrochemical, can be more efficient than heat engines. Currently, fuel cells are very expensive, but there is ...
See also:Hydrogen economy, Hydrogen economy - The present, Hydrogen economy - The short-term future, Hydrogen economy - Rationale, Hydrogen economy - Production, Hydrogen economy - Fossil fuels, Hydrogen economy - Electrolysis, Hydrogen economy - Thermochemical production, Hydrogen economy - Other methods, Hydrogen economy - Storage, Hydrogen economy - Ammonia storage, Hydrogen economy - Metal hydrides, Hydrogen economy - Synthesized hydrocarbons, Hydrogen economy - Other methods, Hydrogen economy - Transportation, Hydrogen economy - Environmental concerns, Hydrogen economy - Consumption, Hydrogen economy - Chemical feed, Hydrogen economy - Energy source, Hydrogen economy - Problems, Hydrogen economy - Examples Read more here: » Hydrogen economy: Encyclopedia II - Hydrogen economy - Consumption |
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