Vibrio fischeri is a rod-shaped bacterium found globally in the marine environments. It has bioluminescent properties, and is found predominately in symbiosis with various marine animals, such as the Bobtail squid. It is heterotrophic and moves by means of flagella. Free living vibrios survive on decaying organic matter (see saprophyte). The bacterium is a key research organism for examination of microbial fluorescence and bacterial-animal symbiosis. Vibrio fischeri - Ecology. Planktonic V. fische ...

Including:

Vibrio fischeri - Ecology Vibrio fischeri - Symbiotic relationship Vibrio fischeri - Bioluminescence Vibrio fischeri - Genetics of bioluminescence Vibrio fischeri - List of pseudonyms

Read more here: » Vibrio fischeri: Encyclopedia - Vibrio fischeri

See also:

Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio fischeri - Ecology, Vibrio fischeri - Symbiotic relationship, Vibrio fischeri - Bioluminescence, Vibrio fischeri - Genetics of bioluminescence, Vibrio fischeri - List of pseudonyms

Read more here: » Vibrio fischeri: Encyclopedia II - Vibrio fischeri - Symbiotic relationship

The bioluminescence of V. fischeri is also caused by transcription induced by population-dependent quorum sensing. The luminescence is only seen when population density reaches a certain level. The luminescence appears to follow a circadian rhythm, that is, it is brighter during the nightime than daytime. The bioluminescence has also been shown to be proportionally related to both protection against ultraviolet radiation damage to gen ...

See also:

Vibrio fischeri, Vibrio fischeri - Ecology, Vibrio fischeri - Symbiotic relationship, Vibrio fischeri - Bioluminescence, Vibrio fischeri - Genetics of bioluminescence, Vibrio fischeri - List of pseudonyms

Read more here: » Vibrio fischeri: Encyclopedia II - Vibrio fischeri - Bioluminescence

Coral bleaching results when the symbiotic zooxanthellae (single-celled algae) are released from the original host coral organism due to stress. The corals that form the structure of the great reef ecosystems of tropical seas depend on these symbiotic photosynthesizing unicellular algae called "zooxanthellae" that live within their tissues. When the zooxantheallae are expelled, the coral loses its pigment, leading to a bleached or completely white appeara ...

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Community youth development, or CYD, is a philosophy emphasizing the uniquely symbiotic nature of youth development to community development by situating the two practices in a common framework. CYD combines the natural instincts of young people as they desire to create change in their surrounding environments by developing partnerships between youth-related organizations and community development agencies to create new opportunities for youth to ...

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Assimilation (from similis, lat. = similar), in biology, designates the process of the transformation of external substances and materials into substances and materials internal to the body. Examples of assimilation are: By mean of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are transformed into a number of organic molecules in plant cells. Nitrogen fixation from the soil into organic molecules by symbiotic bacteria which live in the roots of certain plants, such as Leguminosae. The absorption of nutrients into the body after digestion in the intestine a ...

Including:

Assimilation biology - Related topics

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Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism as the result of a chemical reaction during which chemical energy is converted to light energy. The name originates from the Greek bios for "living" and the Latin lumen "light". Bioluminescence may be generated by symbiotic organisms carried within a larger organism. It is generated by an enzyme-catalyzed chemoluminescence reaction, wherein a luciferin (a kind of pigment) is oxidised by a luciferase (a kind of enzyme). Adenosine triphosphate (AT ...

Including:

Bioluminescence - Characteristics of the phenomenon Bioluminescence - Adaptations for bioluminescence
Bioluminescence - Camouflage Bioluminescence - Attraction Bioluminescence - Repulsion Bioluminescence - Communication
Bioluminescence - Biotechnology Bioluminescence - Organisms that bioluminesce
Bioluminescence - Non-marine organisms Bioluminescence - Fish Bioluminescence - Marine invertebrates Bioluminescence - Plankton and microbes

Read more here: » Bioluminescence: Encyclopedia - Bioluminescence

At the tip of every growing root is a conical covering of tissue called the root cap. It usually is not visible to the naked eye. It consists of undifferentiated soft tissue (parenchyma) with unthickened walls covering the apical meristem. The root cap provides mechanical protection to the meristem cells as the root advances through the soil, its cells worn away but quickly replaced by new cells generated by cell division within the meristem. The root cap is also involved in the production of mucigel, a sticky mucilage t ...

See also:

Root, Root - Root structure, Root - Root growth, Root - Types of roots, Root - Specialized roots, Root - Rooting depths, Root - External link

Read more here: » Root: Encyclopedia II - Root - Root structure

Early root growth is a function of the apical meristem located near the tip of the root. The meristem cells more or less continuously divide, producing more meristem, root cap cells (these sacrificed to protect the meristem), and undifferentiated root cells. The latter will become the primary tissues of the root, first undergoing elongation, a process that pushes the root tip forward in the growing medium. Gradually these cells differentiate and mature into sp ...

See also:

Root, Root - Root structure, Root - Root growth, Root - Types of roots, Root - Specialized roots, Root - Rooting depths, Root - External link

Read more here: » Root: Encyclopedia II - Root - Root growth

A true root system consists of a primary root and secondary roots (or lateral roots). The primary root originates in the radicle of the seedling. During its growth it rebranches to form the lateral roots. Generally, two categories are recognized: the taproot: the primary root is prominent and has a single, dominant axis; there are fibrous secondary roots running outward. Usually allows for deeper roots capable of reaching low water tables. Most common in dicots the primary root is not dominant: the whole root system is fibrous and branches in all dire ...

See also:

Root, Root - Root structure, Root - Root growth, Root - Types of roots, Root - Specialized roots, Root - Rooting depths, Root - External link

Read more here: » Root: Encyclopedia II - Root - Types of roots

A sourdough starter is a stable symbiotic culture of yeast and lactobacteria, typically Candida milleri for the yeast and Lactobacillus sanfrancisco for the lactobacteria, growing in a paste of flour and water. A flour-water mixture will tend to develop this symbiotic culture after repeated feedings. Fresh, organic, and wholemeal flour raises the probability of initiating this symbiosis. The flour-water mixture also can be inoculated from a previously kept culture. The culture is stable due to its ability to prevent colo ...

See also:

Sourdough, Sourdough - Biology and chemistry of sourdough, Sourdough - History of sourdough

Read more here: » Sourdough: Encyclopedia II - Sourdough - Biology and chemistry of sourdough

The Tok'ra are master scientists in spite of the necessity of maintaining secrecy and the resulting lack of raw materials. They are particularly skilled in organic chemistry, where they have invented symbiote poison, created a version of the Re'ol memory-altering substance, and developed a method for mass-producing Tretonin without using symbiotes. They often assist the Tau'ri in developing new ...

See also:

Tok'ra, Tok'ra - Tok'ra Government, Tok'ra - Tok'ra customs, Tok'ra - Tok'ra science and technology, Tok'ra - List of known Tok'ra

Read more here: » Tok'ra: Encyclopedia II - Tok'ra - Tok'ra science and technology

Although often inconspicuous, fungi occur in every environment on earth and play very important roles in most ecosystems. Some fungi are major decomposers of dead plant and animal matter in forests and many other environments. Some types of fungi are parasites on plants and animals, including humans. They are responsible for numerous diseases, such as athlete’s foot and ringworm in humans and Dutch elm disease in plants. Other fungi are partners in symbiotic relationships with other organisms. For example, lichens are formed by a symbiotic relationship between algae or cyanobacteria and fungi. Most vascular plants benefit from a symbi ...

See also:

Fungus, Fungus - Phylogeny of fungi, Fungus - Overview, Fungus - Types of Fungi, Fungus - Structure, Fungus - Reproduction, Fungus - Edible and poisonous fungi

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Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a symbiotic or commensal relationship with the host. An example of the former would be the anaerobic bacteria species which colonize the mammalian colon, and an example of the latter would be the various species of staphylococcus which exist on human skin. Neither o ...

See also:

Infection, Infection - Colonization

Read more here: » Infection: Encyclopedia II - Infection - Colonization

The question of "what is an organism" and at what scale is it rational to speak about organisms vs. biospheres, give rise to a semantic debate. We are all ecologies in the sense that our (human) bodies contain gut bacteria, parasite species, etc., and to them our body is not organism but rather more of a microclimate or biome. Applying that thinking to whole planets: The argument is that these symbiotic organisms, being unable to survive apart from each other and their climate and local conditions, form an organism in their own right, ...

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Gaia philosophy, Gaia philosophy - Predecessors to the Gaia theory, Gaia philosophy - Range of views, Gaia philosophy - Gaia in biology and science, Gaia philosophy - Gaia in the social sciences, Gaia philosophy - Gaia in politics, Gaia philosophy - Semantic debate

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The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells. The theory proposes that chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from certain types of bacteria that prokaryotic cells engulfed through endophagocytosis. These cells and the bacteria trapped inside them entered an symbiotic relationship, a close association between different types of organisms over an extended time. However, ...

See also:

Endosymbiont, Endosymbiont - The endosymbiont theory and mitochondria and chloroplasts, Endosymbiont - Bacterial endosymbionts in marine oligochaetes, Endosymbiont - Bacterial endosymbionts in other marine invertebrates, Endosymbiont - Symbiodinium dinoflagellate endosymbionts in marine metazoa and protists, Endosymbiont - Bacterial obligate endosymbionts in insects

Read more here: » Endosymbiont: Encyclopedia II - Endosymbiont - The endosymbiont theory and mitochondria and chloroplasts

The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells. Lynn Margulis of the University of Massachusetts most forcefully defended the endosymbiont theory. The theory proposes that chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from certain types of bacteria that prokaryotic cells engulfed through endophagocytosis. These cells and the bacteria trapped inside them entered an symbiotic relationship, a close association between different types of organisms over an extended time. However, more ...

See also:

Endosymbiont, Endosymbiont - The endosymbiont theory and mitochondria and chloroplasts, Endosymbiont - Bacterial endosymbionts in marine oligochaetes, Endosymbiont - Bacterial endosymbionts in other marine invertebrates, Endosymbiont - Symbiodinium dinoflagellate endosymbionts in marine metazoa and protists, Endosymbiont - Bacterial obligate endosymbionts in insects

Read more here: » Endosymbiont: Encyclopedia II - Endosymbiont - The endosymbiont theory and mitochondria and chloroplasts

The origins of viruses are not entirely clear and there may not be a single mechanism that can account for all viruses. Some of the smaller viruses that have only a few genes may have originated from host organisms. Their genetic material could have been derived from transferrable elements like plasmids or transposons. Viruses with large genomes may represent extremely reduced microbes which established symbiotic relations with host organisms, allowing the loss of some genes needed for existence independent of a host. Other infectious particles which are even simpler in structure than ...

See also:

Virus, Virus - Origins and Beginnings, Virus - Size structure and anatomy, Virus - Replication, Virus - Outline, Virus - Lifeform debate, Virus - Study and applications, Virus - Exploring basic cellular processes, Virus - Genetic engineering, Virus - Materials science and nanotechnology, Virus - Human viral diseases, Virus - Laboratory diagnosis of pathogenic viruses, Virus - Prevention and treatment of viral diseases, Virus - Etymology

Read more here: » Virus: Encyclopedia II - Virus - Origins and Beginnings

The origins of viruses are not entirely clear and there may not be a single mechanism that can account for all viruses. Some of the smaller viruses that have only a few genes may have originated from host organisms. Their genetic material could have been derived from transferrable elements like plasmids or transposons. Viruses with large genomes may represent extremely reduced microbes which established symbiotic relations with host organisms, allowing the loss of some genes needed for existence independent of a host. Other infectious particles which are even simpler in structure than ...

See also:

Virus, Virus - Origins and Beginnings, Virus - Size structure and anatomy, Virus - Replication, Virus - Population growth, Virus - Lifecycle, Virus - Lifeform debate, Virus - Study and applications, Virus - Exploring basic cellular processes, Virus - Viro-therapy, Virus - Genetic engineering, Virus - Materials science and nanotechnology, Virus - Human viral diseases, Virus - Laboratory diagnosis of pathogenic viruses, Virus - Prevention and treatment of viral diseases, Virus - Etymology

Read more here: » Virus: Encyclopedia II - Virus - Origins and Beginnings

The alien symbiote suit is made of tough, flexible fibers of organic polymers which have the ability to mimic any type of clothing whatsoever and provide the wearer with nearly limitless pocket-storage. It also has a limited capability to change the wearer's appearance and it dampens Spider-Man's "spider-sense", making Carnage (as well as Venom) nearly undetectable to Spider-Man until they are in his direct sight. Similarly, Venom's ability to "detect" ...

See also:

Carnage comics, Carnage comics - Character History, Carnage comics - Maximum Carnage, Carnage comics - Venom vs Carnage, Carnage comics - Carnage vs Joker, Carnage comics - Death?, Carnage comics - Powers and abilities, Carnage comics - Ultimate Carnage, Carnage comics - Carnage in other media, Carnage comics - Carnage in Television, Carnage comics - Carnage in video games

Read more here: » Carnage comics: Encyclopedia II - Carnage comics - Powers and abilities