A buzzword (also known as a fashion word or vogue word) is an idiom, often a neologism, commonly used in managerial, technical, administrative, and sometimes political environments. Buzzwords appear ubiquitously but their actual meanings often remain unclear. Buzzwords are typically intended to create the impression of knowledge for a wide audience. They tend to be non-controversial and universal. Buzzwords differ from jargon in that they have the function of impressing or of obscuring meaning, while jargon ...

Including:

• Buzzword - Reasons for using buzzwords
• Buzzword - Examples

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What Humanist theories do not allow for is the fact that a system of ethics formulated from a human perspective may not be entirely accurate; humans are not necessarily the centre of reality. The philosopher Spinoza argued that we tend to assess things wrongly in terms of their usefulness to us. Spinoza reasoned that if we were to look at things objectively we would discover that everything in the universe has a unique value. Likewise, it is possible that a human-centred or anthropocentric/androcentric ethic is not an accurate depiction of reality, and there is a bigger picture that we may o ...

See also:

Environmental ethics, Environmental ethics - Libertarian Extension, Environmental ethics - Ecologic Extension, Environmental ethics - Conservation Ethics, Environmental ethics - Humanist Theories, Environmental ethics - Anthropocentrism

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Organic foods, like food in general, can be grouped into two categories, fresh and processed, based on production methods, availability and consumer perception. Fresh food is seasonal and highly perishable. Fresh produce — vegetables and fruits — is the most available type of organic food, and closely associated with organic farming. It is often purchased directly from the growers, at farmers' markets, from on-farm stands, through speciality food stores, and through community-supported agriculture (CSA) projec ...

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Organic food, Organic food - Types of organic food, Organic food - Identifying organic food, Organic food - Legal definition, Organic food - Preservatives, Organic food - Claimed advantages over conventional farming, Organic food - Less toxic, Organic food - Energy and environmental, Organic food - Tastier, Organic food - Nutritional value, Organic food - GMO free, Organic food - Summary, Organic food - Related movements, Organic food - Facts and statistics

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Definitions of organic food vary. Organics can be difficult to explain by empirical measurement. For one thing, the majority of food industry research of the last 100 years has been focused solely on developing chemical agriculture and modern food processing -- almost nothing has been done to formally investigate side effects of conventional agriculture that are not immediately obvious. Also, organics is an "if it ain't broke, don't fix it" proposition, concerned in large part with what NOT to do -- "as much as possible, let Nature do its th ...

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Organic food, Organic food - Types of organic food, Organic food - Identifying organic food, Organic food - Legal definition, Organic food - Preservatives, Organic food - Claimed advantages over conventional farming, Organic food - Less toxic, Organic food - Energy and environmental, Organic food - Tastier, Organic food - Nutritional value, Organic food - GMO free, Organic food - Summary, Organic food - Related movements, Organic food - Facts and statistics

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Following the bio-centric and eco-holist theory distinctions, Michael Smith further classifies Humanist theories as those that require a set of criteria for moral status and ethical worth, such as sentience. This applies to the work of Peter Singer who advocated a hierarchy of value similar to the one devised by Aristotle which relies on the ability to reason. This was Singer’s solution to the problem that arises when attempting to determine the ...

See also:

Environmental ethics, Environmental ethics - Libertarian Extension, Environmental ethics - Ecologic Extension, Environmental ethics - Conservation Ethics, Environmental ethics - Humanist Theories, Environmental ethics - Anthropocentrism

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Marshall’s ecologic extension places emphasis not on human rights but on the fundamental interdependence of all biological and a-biological entities and their essential diversity. This is the same classification of Smith’s eco-holism, and argues for the intrinsic value inherent in eco-systems or the environment as a whole entity. This category includes James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis; the theory that the planet earth or ‘Gaia spirit’ alters its geo-physiological structure over time in order to ensure the continuation of an ...

See also:

Environmental ethics, Environmental ethics - Libertarian Extension, Environmental ethics - Ecologic Extension, Environmental ethics - Conservation Ethics, Environmental ethics - Humanist Theories, Environmental ethics - Anthropocentrism

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Geography is the study of the locational and spatial variation of both natural and human phenomena on Earth. The word derives from the Greek words Ge (γη) or Gaea (γεια), both meaning "Earth", and graphein (γραφειν) meaning "to describe" and "to write". Modern geography is a diverse discipline that draws influence from almost every other arena of knowledge. Geographers engage with other disciplines according to their particular research interests and, while subjects ...

Including:

• Geography - Structure of geography
• Geography - Physical geography
• Geography - Human geography
• Geography - Socio-environmental geography
• Geography - Historical geography
• Geography - History of geography
• Geography - Geographic techniques
• Geography - Related fields
• Geography - Urban and regional planning
• Geography - Regional science
• Geography - Reference

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Sustainable - the ability to maintain into perpetuity. See also: As in Sustainable business As in timber and logging: Sustainable forestry As in fishing: Sustainable fisheries As in land use: Sustainable development Sustainable agriculture As in the ability of humanity to endure: Sustainable living ...

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The Brundtland Commission - formally the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), known by the name of its Chair Gro Harlem Brundtland, was convened by the United Nations in response to the 1983 General Assembly Resolution A/38/161 - "Process of preparation of the Environmental Perspective to the Year 2000 and Beyond" welcoming the establishment of such a Commission. In A/38/161, the General Assembly: "8. Suggests that the Special Commission, when established, should focus mainly on the following ter ...

Including:

• Brundtland Commission - Brundtland Report

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Water - Aquaculture - Aqueduct - Aquifer - Hydrology - Brackish water - Lake - Reservoir - Dam - River - Estuary - watershed Land - soil - Soil life - Soil salination - Soil science Energy - Biogas - Biomass Air - Climate - Climate change - Global climate change - Climate model - Microclimate - Arctic climate - Subarctic clim ...

See also:

List of sustainable agriculture topics, List of sustainable agriculture topics - General terminology, List of sustainable agriculture topics - Farming and Natural Resources, List of sustainable agriculture topics - Biosphere, List of sustainable agriculture topics - Agricultural practices, List of sustainable agriculture topics - Rural development, List of sustainable agriculture topics - Conservation and environmental issues, List of sustainable agriculture topics - Food and food transformation, List of sustainable agriculture topics - Economic Social & Political Context, List of sustainable agriculture topics - Individuals, List of sustainable agriculture topics - Conventions Protocols Panels and Summits, List of sustainable agriculture topics - Related lists

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Hospitality service - Monetary Savings. Staying in private homes means that travelers can save lots of money on accommodation that they would usually be spending on hotels or hostels. Used over a long period of time (2 to 4 weeks), this strategy can cut overall travel budgets in half, or even more combined with hitchhiking. These savings can then be passed on towards more generously patronizing local establishments or simply staying abroad for longer periods of time, which is said to make the tourist experience significantly more authentic. Hospitality ...

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Hospitality service, Hospitality service - History, Hospitality service - How They Work, Hospitality service - Benefits, Hospitality service - Monetary Savings, Hospitality service - Local Economic Sustainability, Hospitality service - Ecological Sustainability, Hospitality service - Local Contact, Hospitality service - Reciprocity, Hospitality service - Authenticity and Adventure, Hospitality service - Drawbacks, Hospitality service - Lack of Guarantee, Hospitality service - Potential Interpersonal Conflict or Awkwardness, Hospitality service - Digital Divide and Demographic Segregation, Hospitality service - Security, Hospitality service - A Small Sample of Mentions in the Press, Hospitality service - Potential Modification as a charitable service, Hospitality service - The concept, Hospitality service - What needs to be done

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List of conservation topics - Areas and designations. Biosphere Reserve -- see also: World Network of Biosphere Reserves World heritage, World Heritage Sites List of conservation topics - Conventions protocols panels and summits. Agenda 21 Biosafety protocol -- Montreal 2000 Convention on Biological Diversity Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas Convention on International Tra ...

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List of conservation topics, List of conservation topics - General, List of conservation topics - International, List of conservation topics - Areas and designations, List of conservation topics - Conventions protocols panels and summits, List of conservation topics - United Nations bodies, List of conservation topics - Non-governmental organisations NGO, List of conservation topics - Groups of countries

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List of energy topics - Issues. Environmental concerns with electricity generation Soft energy path - an energy use and development strategy delineated and promoted by some energy experts and activists Nuclear power phase-out - a policy to abandon nuclear power. ...

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List of energy topics, List of energy topics - Energy infrastructure, List of energy topics - Energy applications, List of energy topics - General energy topics, List of energy topics - Energy technology inventors, List of energy topics - Energy culture, List of energy topics - Issues, List of energy topics - Energy Policies - National and International, List of energy topics - Energy unit terms, List of energy topics - Energy companies, List of energy topics - Non-profit organizations, List of energy topics - Industry associations, List of energy topics - Media, List of energy topics - Books, List of energy topics - Renewable Energy News Sources, List of energy topics - Energy-Related Categories

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Several of the major types of currently-popular natural building will be outlined below, along with the various techniques and materials commonly used. Many of these are traditional pre-industrial methods, techniques, and materials, now experiencing a resurgence of popularity and continuing up-dating, often stimulated by internet specialty discussion lists. Natural building - ...

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Natural building, Natural building - Materials, Natural building - Techniques, Natural building - Adobe, Natural building - Cob, Natural building - Earth bag, Natural building - Straw bale, Natural building - Timber frame, Natural building - Related ideas and strategies

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The first major manifestation of this popularization of sustainable development occurred at the United Nations Conference for Environment and Development (the Earth Summit) in 1992. The conference was prompted by the report Our Common Future (1987, World Commission on Environment and Development, also known as the Brundtland Commission), which called for strategies to strengthen efforts to promote sustainable and environmentally sound development. A series of seven UN conferences on environment and development followed. The Bru ...

See also:

Sustainable development, Sustainable development - Environmental degradation, Sustainable development - Popularization of the concept of sustainable development, Sustainable development - Sustainable development in the law

Read more here: » Sustainable development: Encyclopedia II - Sustainable development - Popularization of the concept of sustainable development

During his initial degree, he took various in-term and vacation jobs, including labouring and mustering cattle at Douglas Daly Experiment Station in the Northern Territory of Australia, while also taking a Methodist Local Preaching qualification with The Reverend Dr. A. Harold Wood at Deepdene Methodist Church. He was supported through his studies by his parents and a cadetship from the government of the Northern Territory. He then moved to work for that government in Darwin, from where he conducted research and other work on the Douglas Daly Exp ...

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Lindsay Falvey, Lindsay Falvey - Personal life, Lindsay Falvey - Academic achievements, Lindsay Falvey - Selected publications

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William Hughes - who taught the geography of the Holy Lands to divinity students at King's College London - defined geography in an address in 1863: "Mere place names are not geography. To know by heart a whole gazeteer full of them would not, in itself, constitute anyone a geographer. Geography has higher aims than this: it seeks to classify phenomena (alike of the natural and of the political world insofar as it treats of the latter) to compare, to generalise, to ascend from effects to causes and in doing so to trace out th ...

See also:

Geography, Geography - Structure of geography, Geography - Physical geography, Geography - Human geography, Geography - Socio-environmental geography, Geography - Historical geography, Geography - History of geography, Geography - Geographic techniques, Geography - Related fields, Geography - Urban regional and spatial planning, Geography - Regional science, Geography - Reference

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Futures techniques - Causal layered analysis CLA. This method, developed by Sohail Inayatullah, is one of the newest developments in the Futures Studies. Causal layered analysis focuses on “opening up” the present and past to create alternative futures rather than on developing a picture of particular future. It is concerned with the vertical dimension of futures studies, with the layers of analysis. CLA is based on the assumption that the way, in which a problem is formulated changes the poli ...

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Futures techniques, Futures techniques - Anticipatory thinking tutures, Futures techniques - Causal layered analysis CLA, Futures techniques - Environmental scanning, Futures techniques - Morphological analysis, Futures techniques - Scenario planning, Futures techniques - Delphi method, Futures techniques - Future history, Futures techniques - Monitoring, Futures techniques - Backcasting eco-history, Futures techniques - Back-view mirror analysis, Futures techniques - Cross-impact analysis, Futures techniques - Futures workshops, Futures techniques - Failure mode and effects analysis, Futures techniques - Futures biographies, Futures techniques - Futures wheel, Futures techniques - Relevance tree, Futures techniques - Simulation and modelling, Futures techniques - Social network analysis, Futures techniques - Systems engineering, Futures techniques - Trend analysis, Futures techniques - Adaptive role-playing

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Regarding North America, many individual persons and households have moved from urban or suburban circumstances to rural ones at different times; for instance, the economic theorist and land-based American experimenter Ralph Borsodi is said to have influenced thousands of urban-living people to try a modern homesteading life during the Great Depression. There was again a fair degree of interest in moving to rural land after World War II. In 1947 Betty MacDonald published what became a popular book, The Egg and I, telling her st ...

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Back to the land, Back to the land - A recurring pattern, Back to the land - The recent North American instance, Back to the land - The target lifestyle, Back to the land - The few who succeeded, Back to the land - The many who returned, Back to the land - The end of the movement?, Back to the land - Bibliography

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Many scientists are now starting to use an approach known as Earth system science which treats the entire Earth as a system in its own right, which evolves as a result of positive and negative feedback between constituent systems. The systems approach, enabled by the combined use of computer models as hypotheses tested by global satellite and ship-board data, is increasingly giving scientists the ability to explain the p ...

See also:

Earth science, Earth science - Earth's spheres, Earth science - Interdisciplinary fields, Earth science - Earth system science, Earth science - Methodology, Earth science - Partial list of the major Earth Science topics, Earth science - The solid Earth, Earth science - Soil science, Earth science - Oceanography, Earth science - Geography, Earth science - Limnology, Earth science - Glaciology, Earth science - Atmospheric science, Earth science - Systems or multidisciplinary

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Returning to the calculation in terms of the replacement cost of Earth's biosystems: In Biosphere2 over $240 Million was spent on developing the infrastructure to support 8 people for two years. The project failed and fresh air had to be pumped in to save the lives of the participants. So Earth is worth at least: ( $240 M / 8 people ) × 6.5 Billion people on Earth = 1.95 × 1017 dollars. This represents the minimum value of the Earth using today's technology. Because the project f ...

See also:

Value of Earth, Value of Earth - Replacement methods

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William Hughes - who taught the geography of the Holy Lands to divinity students at King's College London - defined geography in an address in 1863: "Mere place names are not geography. To know by heart a whole gazeteer full of them would not, in itself, constitute anyone a geographer. Geography has higher aims than this: it seeks to classify phenomena (alike of the natural and of the political world insofar as it treats of the latter) to compare, to generalise, to ascend from effects to causes and in doing so to trace out th ...

See also:

Geography, Geography - Structure of geography, Geography - Physical geography, Geography - Human geography, Geography - Socio-environmental geography, Geography - Historical geography, Geography - History of geography, Geography - Geographic techniques, Geography - Related fields, Geography - Urban and regional planning, Geography - Regional science, Geography - Reference

Read more here: » Geography: Encyclopedia II - Geography - Structure of geography