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Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour | A Wisdom Archive on Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour | | Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour A selection of articles related to Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour | |
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More material related to Surplus Labour can be found here:
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Surplus labour, Surplus labour - Modern criticism of Marx's concept of surplus labour, Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and exploitation, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and historical materialism, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and unequal exchange, Surplus labour - Surplus labour in capitalist society, surplus value, surplus product, economic surplus, rate of exploitation, capital accumulation, labour power, capitalist mode of production, productive and unproductive labour, Abstract labour and concrete labour, Reserve army of labour
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ARTICLES RELATED TO Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour | | | |  Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour: Encyclopedia II - Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labourMarx explains the origin of surplus labour in the following terms:
"It is only after men have raised themselves above the rank of animals, when therefore their labour has been to some extent socialised, that a state of things arises in which the surplus-labour of the one becomes a condition of existence for the other. At the dawn of civilisation the productiveness acquired by labour is small, but so too are the wants which develop with and by the means of satisfying them. Further, at that early period, the portion of society tha ...
See also:Surplus labour, Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and exploitation, Surplus labour - Surplus labour in capitalist society, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and historical materialism, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and unequal exchange, Surplus labour - Modern criticism of Marx's concept of surplus labour Read more here: » Surplus labour: Encyclopedia II - Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour |
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| | | | Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour: Encyclopedia II - Surplus labour - Modern criticism of Marx's concept of surplus labour According to economist Fred Moseley, "neoclassical economic theory was developed, in part, to attack the very notion of surplus labor or surplus value and to argue that workers receive all of the value embodied in their creative efforts."
Some basic modern criticisms of Marx can be found in the works by Pearson, Dalton, Boss, Hodgson and Harris (see references)
It is sometimes argued that in a modern, advanced, post-industrial and service-oriented economy, the distinction between necessary and surplus labour just does not make ...
See also:Surplus labour, Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and exploitation, Surplus labour - Surplus labour in capitalist society, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and historical materialism, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and unequal exchange, Surplus labour - Modern criticism of Marx's concept of surplus labour Read more here: » Surplus labour: Encyclopedia II - Surplus labour - Modern criticism of Marx's concept of surplus labour |
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| | | | Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour: Encyclopedia II - Surplus labour - Surplus labour and unequal exchange Marx acknowledged that surplus labour may not just be appropriated directly in production by the owners of the enterprise, but also in trade. This phenomenon is nowadays called unequal exchange. Thus, he commented that:
"From the possibility that profit may be less than surplus value, hence that capital [may] exchange profitably without realizing itself in the strict sense, it follows that not only individual capitalists, but also nations may continually exchange with one another, may even continually repeat the exchange ...
See also:Surplus labour, Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and exploitation, Surplus labour - Surplus labour in capitalist society, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and historical materialism, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and unequal exchange, Surplus labour - Modern criticism of Marx's concept of surplus labour Read more here: » Surplus labour: Encyclopedia II - Surplus labour - Surplus labour and unequal exchange |
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| | | | Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour: Encyclopedia II - Surplus labour - Surplus labour in capitalist society In feudal society, it was often quite clear how many days a serf or peasant worked for himself or herself (necessary labour), and how many days s/he worked for his or her lord (surplus labour). On this important distinction between a corvée and a capitalist economy, Lenin writes:
Necessary labour and surplus-labour (i. e., the labour that pays for the maintenance of the worker and the labour that yields unpaid surplus-value to the capitalist) are combined in the single process of labour in the factory, in a single workin ...
See also:Surplus labour, Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and exploitation, Surplus labour - Surplus labour in capitalist society, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and historical materialism, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and unequal exchange, Surplus labour - Modern criticism of Marx's concept of surplus labour Read more here: » Surplus labour: Encyclopedia II - Surplus labour - Surplus labour in capitalist society |
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| | | | Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour: Encyclopedia II - Surplus labour - Surplus labour and exploitation Just as there are attempts to force more work out of the workers, there are also attempts at resistance to exploitation, e.g. strike action, union campaigns, living wage campaigns, go-slows, refusal to perform tasks not contracted for, threatening to leave employment for another job if that is a real possibility, etc. Critical variables in this regard are
the total amount of time worked,
the intensity of work,
the productiveness of the work,
the position of strength or weakness of employers and emplo ...
See also:Surplus labour, Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and exploitation, Surplus labour - Surplus labour in capitalist society, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and historical materialism, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and unequal exchange, Surplus labour - Modern criticism of Marx's concept of surplus labour Read more here: » Surplus labour: Encyclopedia II - Surplus labour - Surplus labour and exploitation |
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| | | | Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour: Encyclopedia II - Surplus labour - Surplus labour and historical materialism In Das Kapital Vol. 3, Marx highlights the central role played by surplus labour:
"The specific economic form, in which unpaid surplus-labour is pumped out of direct producers, determines the relationship of rulers and ruled, as it grows directly out of production itself and, in turn, reacts upon it as a determining element. Upon this, however, is founded the entire formation of the economic community which grows up out of the production relations themselves, thereby simultaneously its specific political form. It is always the d ...
See also:Surplus labour, Surplus labour - Origin of surplus labour, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and exploitation, Surplus labour - Surplus labour in capitalist society, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and historical materialism, Surplus labour - Surplus labour and unequal exchange, Surplus labour - Modern criticism of Marx's concept of surplus labour Read more here: » Surplus labour: Encyclopedia II - Surplus labour - Surplus labour and historical materialism |
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