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superorganism | A Wisdom Archive on superorganism | | superorganism A selection of articles related to superorganism | |
| We recommend this article: superorganism - 1, and also this: superorganism - 2. |
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superorganism, Superorganism
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO superorganism | | | |  superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Largest organism - Other kingdomsThe largest fungus may be a honey fungus of the species Armillaria ostoyae. One genetically constant mycelium has been found over an area of more than 8.9 km² (3.4 square miles), though it is unlikely that it is a true single organism with all parts of the mycelium connected.
The largest protists are kelp, which are multicellular algae that may grow past 30 metres in length. Of the groups that are not multicellular, the largest are the slime moulds, some of which cover more than 1000 square centimetres. The largest species traditionally considered protozoa are giant amoebo ...
See also:Largest organism, Largest organism - Living animals, Largest organism - Mammals Mammalia, Largest organism - Birds, Largest organism - Reptiles, Largest organism - Fish, Largest organism - Cnidaria, Largest organism - Invertebrates, Largest organism - Crustaceans, Largest organism - Extinct animals, Largest organism - Complete skeletons, Largest organism - Incomplete skeletons, Largest organism - Other groups, Largest organism - Plants, Largest organism - Other kingdoms Read more here: » Largest organism: Encyclopedia II - Largest organism - Other kingdoms |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Ant - Humans and ants Ants are useful for clearing out insect pests and aerating the soil. On the other hand, they can become annoyances when they invade homes, yards, gardens and fields. Carpenter ants damage wood by hollowing it out for nesting. Nests may be destroyed by tracing the ants' trails back to the nest, then pouring boiling water into it to kill the queen. (Killing individual ants is less than effective due to the secretion of pheromones mentioned above). Ordinary chalk can be used to keep ants at bay; drawing a line or circle around the protect ...
See also:Ant, Ant - Ancestry, Ant - Morphology, Ant - Development, Ant - Communication and behavior, Ant - Types, Ant - Relationships between ants and other species, Ant - Humans and ants Read more here: » Ant: Encyclopedia II - Ant - Humans and ants |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Vegetation - Vegetation Structure A primary characteristic of vegetation is its three-dimensional structure, sometimes referred to as its physiognomy, or architecture. Most people have an understanding of this idea through their familiarity with terms like "jungle", "woods", "prairie" or "meadow"; these terms conjure up a mental image of what such vegetation looks like. So, meadows are grassy and open, tropical rainforests are dense, tall, and dark, savannahs ...
See also:Vegetation, Vegetation - Importance, Vegetation - Classification, Vegetation - Vegetation Structure, Vegetation - Vegetation Processes, Vegetation - Temporal Dynamics, Vegetation - Spatial Dynamics, Vegetation - Global Vegetation Patterns and Determinants, Vegetation - Scientific Study, Vegetation - History, Vegetation - More Recent Concepts Theories and Approaches, Vegetation - References and Further Reading Read more here: » Vegetation: Encyclopedia II - Vegetation - Vegetation Structure |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Vegetation - Vegetation Processes Like all biological systems, plant communities are temporally and spatially dynamic; they change at all possible scales. Dynamism in vegetation is defined primarily as changes in either or both of species composition and vegetation structure.
Vegetation - Temporal Dynamics.
Temporally, a large number of processes or events can cause change, but for sake of simplicity they can be categorized roughly as either abrupt or gradual. Abrupt changes are generally referred to as disturbances; these include things l ...
See also:Vegetation, Vegetation - Importance, Vegetation - Classification, Vegetation - Vegetation Structure, Vegetation - Vegetation Processes, Vegetation - Temporal Dynamics, Vegetation - Spatial Dynamics, Vegetation - Global Vegetation Patterns and Determinants, Vegetation - Scientific Study, Vegetation - History, Vegetation - More Recent Concepts Theories and Approaches, Vegetation - References and Further Reading Read more here: » Vegetation: Encyclopedia II - Vegetation - Vegetation Processes |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Ant - Development Ants are holometabolous, and develop by complete metamorphosis, passing through larval and pupal stages before they become adults. The larval stage is particularly helpless - for instance it lacks legs entirely - because it does not need to care for itself. The difference between queens and workers, and between different castes of workers when they exist, is determined by feeding in the larval stage. Food is given to the larvae by a process called trophallaxis in which an ant regurgitates food previously held in its crop for communal storage ...
See also:Ant, Ant - Ancestry, Ant - Morphology, Ant - Development, Ant - Communication and behavior, Ant - Types, Ant - Relationships between ants and other species, Ant - Humans and ants Read more here: » Ant: Encyclopedia II - Ant - Development |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Ant - Communication and behavior Ant communication is primarily through chemicals called pheromones. Because most ants spend their time in direct contact with the ground, these chemical messages are more developed than in other Hymenopterans. So, for instance, when a forager finds food on its way home (found typically through remembered landmarks and the position of the sun), it will leave a trail along the ground, which in a short time other ants will follow. When they return home they will reinforce the trail, bringing other ants, until the food is exhausted, after which ...
See also:Ant, Ant - Ancestry, Ant - Morphology, Ant - Development, Ant - Communication and behavior, Ant - Types, Ant - Relationships between ants and other species, Ant - Humans and ants Read more here: » Ant: Encyclopedia II - Ant - Communication and behavior |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Largest organism - Plants The largest tree in circumference is the Árbol del Tule, a Montezuma Cypress (Taxodium mucronatum), having a circumference of 35.87 m (diameter of 11.42 m) (37.5 ft) at 1.5 m above ground level.
The Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) is the world's largest tree in terms of total volume and mass. They grow to an average height of 70–85 m (230–280 ft) and 5–7 m (16–23 ft) in diameter. Specimens have been reported to be 93.6 m (307 ft) in height and (not the same individual) 8.85 m (29 ft) in diameter; the la ...
See also:Largest organism, Largest organism - Living animals, Largest organism - Mammals Mammalia, Largest organism - Birds, Largest organism - Reptiles, Largest organism - Fish, Largest organism - Cnidaria, Largest organism - Invertebrates, Largest organism - Crustaceans, Largest organism - Extinct animals, Largest organism - Complete skeletons, Largest organism - Incomplete skeletons, Largest organism - Other groups, Largest organism - Plants, Largest organism - Other kingdoms Read more here: » Largest organism: Encyclopedia II - Largest organism - Plants |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Fossils and evolution The relationships of insects are unclear. Although traditionally grouped with millipedes and centipedes, evidence has emerged favoring a relationship with the crustaceans.
Apart from some tantalizing Devonian fragments, insects first appear suddenly in the fossil record during the very start of the Late Carboniferous period, Early Bashkirian age, about 350 million years ago. As they are already specialized, and represented by more than half a dozen different orders, their anscestry must be sought ...
See also:Insect, Insect - Relationship to other arthropods, Insect - Morphology and development, Insect - Behavior, Insect - Roles in the environment and human society, Insect - Fossils and evolution, Insect - Quotes Read more here: » Insect: Encyclopedia II - Fossils and evolution |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Tyranid - Tyranid Storyline In Warhammer 40,000, the Tyranids appeared from the eastern part of the Galaxy. First they sent a large fleet of troops (called Hive Fleet Behemoth) directly at the center of the galaxy. They were defeated, barely, by the efforts of the Ultramarines chapter of Space Marines, although the Ultramarines suffered devastating losses in the decisive Battle of Macragge.
The Tyranids arrived with Hive Fleet Kraken which, instead of throwing one mass of troops against the Imperium, split into countless smaller fleets, each small ...
See also:Tyranid, Tyranid - Tyranid Storyline, Tyranid - Tyranid Species, Tyranid - Insects or Reptiles Read more here: » Tyranid: Encyclopedia II - Tyranid - Tyranid Storyline |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Largest organism - Living animals
Largest organism - Mammals Mammalia.
The Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is believed to be the largest animal ever to have lived, with lengths of up to 30 m (100 feet) and weights of up to 140 tonnes (150 short tons) or more. The Savannah Elephant (Loxodonta africana) is the largest living land mammal. At birth it is common for an elephant calf to weigh 100 kg (225 pounds). The largest elephant ever recorded was shot in Angola in 1974. It was a ...
See also:Largest organism, Largest organism - Living animals, Largest organism - Mammals Mammalia, Largest organism - Birds, Largest organism - Reptiles, Largest organism - Fish, Largest organism - Cnidaria, Largest organism - Invertebrates, Largest organism - Crustaceans, Largest organism - Extinct animals, Largest organism - Complete skeletons, Largest organism - Incomplete skeletons, Largest organism - Other groups, Largest organism - Plants, Largest organism - Other kingdoms Read more here: » Largest organism: Encyclopedia II - Largest organism - Living animals |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Tyranid - Tyranid Storyline In Warhammer 40,000, the Tyranids appeared from the eastern part of the Galaxy. First they sent a large fleet of troops (called Hive Fleet Behemoth) directly at the center of the galaxy. They were defeated, barely, by the efforts of the Ultramarines chapter of Space Marines, although the Ultramarines suffered devastating losses in the decisive Battle of Macragge.
It is important to note however, that the Tyranids invasion was allowed to progress so far, not by the blundering bueracracy of the Imperial forces, but by the ability of the Hive Mind to 'blot o ...
See also:Tyranid, Tyranid - Tyranid Storyline, Tyranid - Tyranid Species, Tyranid - Insects or Reptiles Read more here: » Tyranid: Encyclopedia II - Tyranid - Tyranid Storyline |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Insect - Fossils and evolution The relationships of insects to other animal groups remain unclear. Although traditionally grouped with millipedes and centipedes, evidence has emerged favoring closer evolutionary ties with the crustaceans.
Apart from some tantalizing Devonian fragments, insects first appear suddenly in the fossil record at the very beginning of the Late Carboniferous period, Early Bashkirian age, about 350 million years ago. Insect species were already diverse and highly specialized by this time, with fossil evidence reflecting the presence of more ...
See also:Insect, Insect - Relationship to other arthropods, Insect - Morphology and development, Insect - Behavior, Insect - Roles in the environment and human society, Insect - Fossils and evolution, Insect - Quotes Read more here: » Insect: Encyclopedia II - Insect - Fossils and evolution |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Atta sexdens - Description
Atta sexdens - Colony architecture.
A. sexdens colonies are primarily subterranean with a mound of excavated material on the surface. The diameter of the colony may reach 10 meters with a depth of 6 meters. The colonies contain up to 2000 chambers with a combined volume of more than 20 cubic meters. There are two basic types of chambers: Fungus farms and waste chambers. The farms contain the fungal culture which sustains the colony and also larvae and pupae. The waste chambers are located at the rim of the colony and are significantly larger. They are used to dispose used fungal culture and dead ants. A ...
See also:Atta sexdens, Atta sexdens - Description, Atta sexdens - Colony architecture, Atta sexdens - Anatomy, Atta sexdens - Development, Atta sexdens - Behavior, Atta sexdens - Foraging, Atta sexdens - Fungus cultivation, Atta sexdens - Cleaning, Atta sexdens - Reproduction, Atta sexdens - Significance, Atta sexdens - Ecological impact, Atta sexdens - Economic impact, Atta sexdens - Human-Atta comparisons Read more here: » Atta sexdens: Encyclopedia II - Atta sexdens - Description |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Ant - Types There is a great diversity among ants and their behaviors. They range in size from 2 to about 25 millimetres (about 0.08 to 1 inch). Their colour may vary, most are red or black, but other colours can also be seen. A few types, such as the genus Pheidole of North America, have a metallic lustre.
See list of ant genera (alphabetical) for an alphabetical compendium of worldwide ant genera, and antbase.org/Hymenoptera Name Serverfor a complete catalogue of all the currently known ant species of the world and their sy ...
See also:Ant, Ant - Ancestry, Ant - Morphology, Ant - Development, Ant - Communication and behavior, Ant - Types, Ant - Relationships between ants and other species, Ant - Humans and ants Read more here: » Ant: Encyclopedia II - Ant - Types |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Roles in the environment and human society Many insects are considered pests by humans, because they transmit diseases (mosquitos, flies), damage structures (termites), or destroy agricultural goods (locusts, weevils). Many entomologists are involved in various forms of pest control, often using insecticides, but more and more relying on methods of biocontrol.
Although pest insects attract the most attention, many insects are beneficial to the environment and to humans. Some pollinate flowering plants (for example wasps, bees, butterflies, ants). Pollination is a trade between ...
See also:Insect, Insect - Relationship to other arthropods, Insect - Morphology and development, Insect - Behavior, Insect - Roles in the environment and human society, Insect - Fossils and evolution, Insect - Quotes Read more here: » Insect: Encyclopedia II - Roles in the environment and human society |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Largest organism - Extinct animals Some of the largest animals ever to have existed have now died out. Most of them dinosaurs, the creatures grew to enormous sizes. The evidence of their size is shown by their fossilised remains, with the entire skeletons of many species being discovered and reconstructed.
Largest organism - Complete skeletons.
The tallest and heaviest dinosaur known from a complete skeleton is the Brachiosaurus (now Giraffatitan) which was discovered in Tanzania between 1907–1912, and is now mounted in the ...
See also:Largest organism, Largest organism - Living animals, Largest organism - Mammals Mammalia, Largest organism - Birds, Largest organism - Reptiles, Largest organism - Fish, Largest organism - Cnidaria, Largest organism - Invertebrates, Largest organism - Crustaceans, Largest organism - Extinct animals, Largest organism - Complete skeletons, Largest organism - Incomplete skeletons, Largest organism - Other groups, Largest organism - Plants, Largest organism - Other kingdoms Read more here: » Largest organism: Encyclopedia II - Largest organism - Extinct animals |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Morphology and development Insects range in size from less than a millimeter to over 18 centimeters (some walkingsticks) in length. Insects possess segmented bodies supported by an exoskeleton, a hard outer covering made mostly of chitin. The body is divided into a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. The head supports a pair of sensory antennae, a pair of compound eyes, and a mouth. The thorax has six legs (one pair per segment) and wings (if present in the species). T ...
See also:Insect, Insect - Relationship to other arthropods, Insect - Morphology and development, Insect - Behavior, Insect - Roles in the environment and human society, Insect - Fossils and evolution, Insect - Quotes Read more here: » Insect: Encyclopedia II - Morphology and development |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Conservation ethic - History of biological conservation The origins of biological conservation can be traced to philosophical and religious beliefs about Man as a full part of Nature:
Taoist and Shintoist philosophies encourage recognition of special sites, allowing spiritual experiments.
Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism, grant a sacred value to animals. Primitive religions also recognize sacred values to sites such as forests, lakes, mountains. Islam recognizes each species as its own "nation", and an obligation of man to khalifa, or "stewardship" of the Earth. Specific conservation m ...
See also:Conservation ethic, Conservation ethic - Introduction, Conservation ethic - Usage of term, Conservation ethic - History of biological conservation, Conservation ethic - Romantic-Transcendental, Conservation ethic - Resource Conservation, Conservation ethic - Evolutionary-Ecological, Conservation ethic - External link Read more here: » Conservation ethic: Encyclopedia II - Conservation ethic - History of biological conservation |
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| | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Insect - Morphology and development Insects range in size from less than a millimeter to over 18 centimeters (some walkingsticks) in length. Insects possess segmented bodies supported by an exoskeleton, a hard outer covering made mostly of chitin. The body is divided into a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. The head supports a pair of sensory antennae, a pair of compound eyes, and a mouth. The thorax has six legs (one pair per segment) and wings (if present in the species). T ...
See also:Insect, Insect - Relationship to other arthropods, Insect - Morphology and development, Insect - Behavior, Insect - Roles in the environment and human society, Insect - Fossils and evolution, Insect - Quotes Read more here: » Insect: Encyclopedia II - Insect - Morphology and development |
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| | | | | | superorganism: Encyclopedia II - Insect - Roles in the environment and human society Many insects are considered pests by humans. Insects commonly regarded as pests include those that are parasitic (mosquitoes, lice, bedbugs), transmit diseases (mosquitos, flies), damage structures (termites), or destroy agricultural goods (locusts, weevils). Many entomologists are involved in various forms of pest control, often using insecticides, but more and more relying on methods of biocontrol.
Although pest insects attract the most attention, many insects are beneficial to the environment and to humans. Some pollinate flowering ...
See also:Insect, Insect - Relationship to other arthropods, Insect - Morphology and development, Insect - Behavior, Insect - Roles in the environment and human society, Insect - Fossils and evolution, Insect - Quotes Read more here: » Insect: Encyclopedia II - Insect - Roles in the environment and human society |
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