Sunda

The word Sunda refers to a kingdom and an ethnic group living in especially the west part of Java. So, in common, any other term containing this word should be related/named after this, historically. Kingdom of Sunda: a kingdom existed in west part of Java (7th century - 16th century) Sundanese language: language used by the Sunda people Sunda Islands: west part of Nusantara/Malay archipelago Kidung Sunda: a literary work that recounts the story of the "Battle of Bubat" between Sundanese and Jav

Read more here: » Sunda: Encyclopedia - Sunda

Sunda:

Sunda (Sundha). Very cruel asura or demon; brother of Upasunda and husband of Thataki.

(See also: Sunda , Hinduism, Hinduism Dictionary, Sanskrit Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Thataki:

Thataki (Thaatakee). Fierce demoness mother of Maricha and Subahu; wife of Sunda.

(See also: Thataki , Hinduism, Hinduism Dictionary, Sanskrit Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Upasunda:

Upasunda (Upasundha). Wicked demon; brother of Sunda.

(See also: Upasunda , Hinduism, Hinduism Dictionary, Sanskrit Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. The same fruit is also used to produce white pepper and green pepper.[1] Black pepper is native to South India and is extensively cultivated there and elsewhere in tropical regions. The fruit, known as a peppercorn when dried, is a small drupe five millimetres in diameter, da ...

Including:

• Black pepper - Varieties of pepper
• Black pepper - The pepper plant
• Black pepper - History
• Black pepper - Ancient times
• Black pepper - Postclassical Europe
• Black pepper - China
• Black pepper - Pepper as a medicine
• Black pepper - Flavour
• Black pepper - World trade
• Black pepper - Notes

Read more here: » Black pepper: Encyclopedia - Black pepper

Srivijaya (200s-1400) was an ancient Malay kingdom on the island of Sumatra which influenced much of the Malay Archipelago. Records of its beginning are scarce while estimations range from the 200s to the 500s. The kingdom ceased to exist around 1400. In Sanskrit, sri means 'shining' or 'radiant' and vijaya means victory or excellence. Srivijaya - Formation and growth. Around year 500, Srivijayan roots begun to develop around present-day Palembang, Sumatra in Indonesia. Chinese records dated 6 ...

Including:

• Srivijaya - Formation and growth
• Srivijaya - Vajrayana Buddhism
• Srivijaya - Relationship with regional powers
• Srivijaya - Golden age
• Srivijaya - Decline

Read more here: » Srivijaya: Encyclopedia - Srivijaya

The first recorded settlement at what is now Jakarta was the port of Kalapa, near the mouth of the Ciliwung River. Its origin can be traced to a Hindu settlement as early as the 5th century. By the 12th century, it was a major port for the Hindu kingdom of Sunda. The Portuguese were reported to be the first Europeans to visit the port of Kalapa. A Hindu king granted Portuguese traders permission to build a fort at Kalapa in the early 16th century. Jakarta's port is still called Sunda Kelapa ...

See also:

Jakarta, Jakarta - History, Jakarta - Administration, Jakarta - Culture, Jakarta - Transportation, Jakarta - Education, Jakarta - Recreational Places, Jakarta - Tourist areas, Jakarta - Shopping malls, Jakarta - Sports, Jakarta - Problems

Read more here: » Jakarta: Encyclopedia II - Jakarta - History

Java island - Paleontology. The island of Java is famous for several paleoanthropological finds of early hominid specimens. In particular, the 1891 discovery of cranial fossil remains commonly known as "Java man" (now designated as Trinil 2, after the Trinil site on the Bengawan Solo River), is famous for being the first such discovery of an early hominid specimen outside of Europe. This find, and several subsequent ones which have been made at various locations along the river's valleys, are now generally classified as belong ...

See also:

Java island, Java island - Geography, Java island - Natural, Java island - Human, Java island - History, Java island - Paleontology, Java island - Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms, Java island - Muslim kingdoms and the Dutch colonization, Java island - Post independence, Java island - Culture, Java island - Language, Java island - Religion, Java island - Ethnic groups

Read more here: » Java island: Encyclopedia II - Java island - History

The first recorded settlement at what is now Jakarta was the port of Kalapa, near the mouth of the Ciliwung River. Its origin can be traced to a Hindu settlement as early as the 5th century. By the 12th century, it was a major port for the Hindu kingdom of Sunda. The Portuguese were reported to be the first Europeans to visit the port of Kalapa. A Hindu king granted Portuguese traders permission to build a fort at Kalapa in the early 16th century. Jakarta's port is still called Sunda Kelapa ...

See also:

Jakarta, Jakarta - History, Jakarta - Administration, Jakarta - Culture, Jakarta - Transportation, Jakarta - Education, Jakarta - Recreational Places, Jakarta - Shopping malls, Jakarta - Sports, Jakarta - Problems

Read more here: » Jakarta: Encyclopedia II - Jakarta - History

Some fragments of the text will be presented on the following. The text is taken from C.C. Berg’s edition (1927). However, the spelling has been somewhat modified to modern usage. Just as in Berg’s edition, no distinction between retroflex and dental stops is made. The Sanskrit loanwords are spelt in the Javanese manner. Kidung Sunda - Gajah Mada who is verbally abused by the Sundanese envoy verse 1. 66b – 1. 68 a.. Ih angapa, Gajah Mada, agung wuwusmu i kami, ngong iki mangkw angaturana sir ...

See also:

Kidung Sunda, Kidung Sunda - Different Versions of Kidung Sunda, Kidung Sunda - Synopsis, Kidung Sunda - Canto I, Kidung Sunda - Canto II, Kidung Sunda - Canto III, Kidung Sunda - Some Analysis, Kidung Sunda - Authorship, Kidung Sunda - Some fragments, Kidung Sunda - Gajah Mada who is verbally abused by the Sundanese envoy verse 1. 66b – 1. 68 a., Kidung Sunda - The king of Sunda rejecting the conditions of Majapahit verse 2.69 – 2.71, Kidung Sunda - Hayam Wuruk lamented the dead princess verse 3.29 – 3. 33, Kidung Sunda - Bibliography

Read more here: » Kidung Sunda: Encyclopedia II - Kidung Sunda - Some fragments

The origin of Jats has several theories ranging from their sudden appearance from Shiva's Jattas (locks) to their lineage in the Aryan race, some point to their Indo-Scythian or Saka origins. Both Sir Alexander Cunningham and Colonel James Tod agreed in considering the Jats to be of Indo-Scythian stock. Cunningham identified them with the Zanthi of Strabo and the Jatti of Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy; and held that they probably entered the Punjab from their home on the Oxus. The Jats seem to have occupied the ...

See also:

Jat, Jat - Jat origins, Jat - History, Jat - Genetics, Jat - List of Jat Gotras clans, Jat - Famous Jat people, Jat - Books on Jat History, Jat - Genetics References

Read more here: » Jat: Encyclopedia II - Jat - Jat origins

Archaeology focusing on Aborigines in Australia has had many different predominant agendas through time. The earliest form of archaeology was largely focused on finding the oldest sites. By the 1970s, archaeology largely focused on the environment and they way it impacted on Humans. In the late 1970s, Cultural Heritage Management saw a large rise to predominance with the increasing demands by Aboriginal groups for a say in archaeology research. At a research level, th ...

See also:

Australian archaeology, Australian archaeology - Aboriginal Archaeology, Australian archaeology - First Settlement of Australia, Australian archaeology - Controversies in Aboriginal Archaeology, Australian archaeology - Historical Archaeology, Australian archaeology - Cultural Heritage Management, Australian archaeology - Legal Obligations in Australia, Australian archaeology - Native Title and Land Rights, Australian archaeology - Post-European Settlement Cultural Heritage Management, Australian archaeology - Important Australian Archaeologists

Read more here: » Australian archaeology: Encyclopedia II - Australian archaeology - Aboriginal Archaeology

The most popular and famous form of Indonesian music is gamelan, an ensemble of tuned percussion instruments that include metallophones, drums, gongs and spike fiddles along with bamboo flutes. Similar ensembles are prevalent throughout Indonesia and Malaysia, but gamelan is from Java, Bali and Lombok. There are rivalries between different regions' variations of gamelan, especially Java and Bali. See also:

Music of Indonesia, Music of Indonesia - Tembang sunda, Music of Indonesia - Kecapi suling, Music of Indonesia - Gamelan, Music of Indonesia - Central Java, Music of Indonesia - West Java, Music of Indonesia - East Java, Music of Indonesia - Bali, Music of Indonesia - Pop and folk music, Music of Indonesia - Kroncong, Music of Indonesia - Dangdut, Music of Indonesia - Jaipongan, Music of Indonesia - Qasidah modern, Music of Indonesia - Gambus, Music of Indonesia - Tapanuli ogong, Music of Indonesia - External link

Read more here: » Music of Indonesia: Encyclopedia II - Music of Indonesia - Gamelan

Anging. Sundanese language - Root word. (to be written). Sundanese language - Active form. (to be written). Sundanese language - Negation. (to be written). Sundanese language - Question. (to be written). Sundanese language - Passive form. (to be written). Sundanese language - Adjectives. (to be written). Sundanese language - Prepositions.

Sundanese language, Sundanese language - Phonology, Sundanese language - Basic grammar, Sundanese language - Root word, Sundanese language - Active form, Sundanese language - Negation, Sundanese language - Question, Sundanese language - Passive form, Sundanese language - Adjectives, Sundanese language - Prepositions, Sundanese language - Conjuctives

Read more here: » Sundanese language: Encyclopedia II - Sundanese language - Basic grammar

It was said that during his appointment, Gajah Mada made his famous oath, Sumpah Palapa. It was stated on Pararaton (Book of Kings), an ancient account on Javanese history: “ Sira Gajah Mada pepatih amungkubumi tan ayun amukita palapa, sira Gajah Mada : Lamun huwus kalah nusantara ingsun amukti palapa, lamun kalah ring Gurun, ring Seram, Tanjungpura, ring Haru, ring Pahang, Dompo, ring Bali, Sunda, Palembang, ...

See also:

Gajah Mada, Gajah Mada - Rose as Mahapatih, Gajah Mada - Sumpah Palapa, Gajah Mada - Bubat Accident, Gajah Mada - Legacy

Read more here: » Gajah Mada: Encyclopedia II - Gajah Mada - Sumpah Palapa

The word "Malay" was adopted into English via the Dutch word "Malayo", which ultimately originates from the Malay word "Melayu". According to one popular theory, the word Melayu means "migrating" or "fleeing", which might refer to the high mobility of these people across the region. In his 1775 doctoral dissertation titled De generi humani varietate nativa (On the Natural Varieties of Mankind), anthropologist Johann Friedrich Blumenbach outlined four main human races by skin color, namely Caucasian (white), E ...

See also:

Malay people, Malay people - Origin of the word Malay, Malay people - Malay domain, Malay people - Ethnic group vs. cultural sphere, Malay people - Languages, Malay people - Religion

Read more here: » Malay people: Encyclopedia II - Malay people - Origin of the word Malay

Language speaker data - Ethnologue estimate 1999. The following table is based largely on a list of the world's top 100 languages published by Ethnologue in 1999. [4] Many of the estimates in the original table were for years prior to 1999. Mandarin Chinese: 885 million speakers Spanish: 332 English: 322 Bengali: 189 Hindi: 182 Portuguese: 181 Russian: 145 Japanese: 127 German: 120 Wu Chinese: 90-95 Punjabi: 89 ...

See also:

Language speaker data, Language speaker data - Summary table, Language speaker data - Specific lists, Language speaker data - Ethnologue estimate 1999, Language speaker data - World Almanac estimates 2005, Language speaker data - CIA World Factbook estimates 2005

Read more here: » Language speaker data: Encyclopedia II - Language speaker data - Specific lists

Pinto's travels can be divided into three phases; his initial voyages from Portugal to India, in which he attempted to join Portuguese outposts on the Western coast of India, and was diverted several times, travelling through many nations around the Red Sea, from the coast of Africa to the Persian Gulf. After eventually reaching India, he then voyaged to the eastern coast of India and to Portuguese possessions around Malacca, bringing him to Sumatra, Siam, China, and Japan. Finally, Pinto returned to Europe. Fern ...

See also:

Fernão Mendes Pinto, Fernão Mendes Pinto - Early life, Fernão Mendes Pinto - Voyages, Fernão Mendes Pinto - First voyage to India, Fernão Mendes Pinto - Malacca and the Far East, Fernão Mendes Pinto - Return voyage, Fernão Mendes Pinto - The book, Fernão Mendes Pinto - Notable views held in the book, Fernão Mendes Pinto - Historicity, Fernão Mendes Pinto - Legacy and following

Read more here: » Fernão Mendes Pinto: Encyclopedia II - Fernão Mendes Pinto - Voyages

Some of the earliest exploration of the Trench occurred in the late 1950's when Robert Fisher, Research Geologist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, investigated the trench as part of a world wide scientific field exploration of the world's ocean floor and sub-oceanic crustal-structure. Bomb-sounding, echo-train analysis and manometer were some of the techniques used to deternine the depth of the trench. the research contributed to an understanding of the subduction characteristic of the Pacific margins [3]. Various agencies have explored the trench in the aftermath of the earthquake, and these explorations have reveal ...

See also:

Java Trench, Java Trench - Exploration

Read more here: » Java Trench: Encyclopedia II - Java Trench - Exploration

The origin of Jats has several theories ranging from their sudden appearance from Shiva's Jattas (locks) to their lineage in the Aryan race. Some people point to their Indo-Scythian or Saka origins. Both Sir Alexander Cunningham and Colonel James Tod agreed in considering the Jats to be of Indo-Scythian stock. Cunningham identified them with the Zanthi of Strabo and the Jatti of Pliny the Elder and Ptolemy, and held that they probably entered the Punjab from their home on the Oxus. The Jats seem to have occupied th ...

See also:

Jat, Jat - Jatt origins, Jat - History, Jat - Genetics, Jat - List of Jatt Gotras clans, Jat - Famous Jat people, Jat - Books on Jat History, Jat - Genetics References

Read more here: » Jat: Encyclopedia II - Jat - Jatt origins